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Member

Krzysztof ŚMISZEK

S&D · Poland

Group
S&D
Country
Poland
Roll-call participation
87.7 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
97.7 %ⓘ of 5 198 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 96.3 %
More facts (5)
National party
NL Nowa Lewica
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
85 of 5 104 votesⓘ
Committees
AFCO (substitute), JURI, LIBE
Member id
257085
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

87.7 %

5 199 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

S&D median: 89.9 % (−2.2 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.7 %

5 079 of 5 198 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 96.3 % (+1.5 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.7 %

85 of 5 104 votes where their group had a clear line

67 opposite (for ↔ against), 14 abstained against the line, 4 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

2.1 %

109 of 5 199 votes cast

Participation 87.7 % — S&D median 89.9 %, 138 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 138 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Krzysztof ŚMISZEK87.7 %
S&D median89.9 %
Lowest in the group30.4 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members138
With majority line 97.7 % — S&D median 96.3 %, 138 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 138 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Krzysztof ŚMISZEK97.7 %
S&D median96.3 %
Lowest in the group81.9 %
Highest in the group99.4 %
Members138
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 46 — part 2 406 for, 214 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 46 — part 1 470 for, 117 against, 63 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 45 — part 3 334 for, 270 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 45 — part 2 327 for, 272 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 45 — part 1 433 for, 153 against, 53 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Separate vote on paragraph 44 349 for, 228 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 43 — part 2 340 for, 285 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 43 — part 1 358 for, 210 against, 81 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Separate vote on paragraph 41 362 for, 214 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 24 — part 2 337 for, 303 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 24 — part 1 532 for, 42 against, 82 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 21 — part 2 433 for, 135 against, 65 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 21 — part 1 548 for, 37 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 19 215 for, 294 against, 144 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 19 278 for, 304 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 18 — part 3 399 for, 182 against, 72 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 18 — part 2 299 for, 354 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 18 — part 1 435 for, 197 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 16 — part 4 353 for, 224 against, 63 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 16 — part 3 330 for, 256 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 16 — part 2 339 for, 302 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 16 — part 1 539 for, 20 against, 88 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 8 — part 3 388 for, 169 against, 88 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 8 — part 2 472 for, 133 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 8 — part 1 501 for, 61 against, 74 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 6 194 for, 309 against, 145 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 6 — part 5 342 for, 280 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 6 — part 4 601 for, 46 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 3 — part 2 490 for, 141 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 3 — part 1 406 for, 200 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026An EU cardiovascular diseases strategy Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 545 for, 47 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 470 for, 129 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Amendment 6, adding text after recital F 213 for, 426 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 64 218 for, 434 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 64 220 for, 432 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 64 175 for, 438 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Amendment 9 to paragraph 64 205 for, 442 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Amendment 8 to paragraph 56 216 for, 439 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Amendment 7 to paragraph 35 231 for, 426 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Nuclear decommissioning assistance programme of the Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania for the period 2028-2034 Final votePassed 625 for, 20 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Norway Agreement on the participation of Norway in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 612 for, 8 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation 2028-2034 Final votePassed 600 for, 21 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Iceland Agreement on the participation of Iceland in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 631 for, 7 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Switzerland Agreement on the transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 549 for, 75 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-UK Agreement regarding cooperation on the application of their respective competition laws Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 640 for, 5 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034 Final votePassed 496 for, 53 against, 125 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034 Amendment 86 to Article 9, paragraph 2 131 for, 532 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034 Amendment 85, adding text after Article 8 138 for, 532 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034 Amendment 84 to Article 4, after paragraph 1 168 for, 505 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) Final vote on the provisional agreementPassed 530 for, 125 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 12 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242323
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202422
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249292
7 Oct 202422
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241818
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129129
24 Oct 20241313
13 Nov 202422
14 Nov 20243636
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241110
28 Nov 20245757
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 20244545
20 Jan 202522
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254544
10 Feb 202510
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253030
10 Mar 202522
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228227
13 Mar 20252424
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251245
3 Apr 20256262
5 May 202555
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220219
8 May 2025103103
21 May 202520
22 May 20255353
16 Jun 202520
17 Jun 20254140
18 Jun 20259191
19 Jun 20258786
7 Jul 202511
8 Jul 20255553
9 Jul 2025134133
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202511
9 Sept 2025101100
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256967
6 Oct 202522
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 2025550
9 Oct 2025650
20 Oct 202530
21 Oct 2025130
22 Oct 20251860
23 Oct 2025550
13 Nov 20252670
24 Nov 202533
25 Nov 20257575
26 Nov 202510099
27 Nov 2025125125
15 Dec 202543
16 Dec 20256665
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 2025420
20 Jan 20266766
21 Jan 2026112109
22 Jan 20265858
9 Feb 202622
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261312
12 Feb 2026141141
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202611
10 Mar 2026197196
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202633
26 Mar 20266968
27 Apr 202622
28 Apr 2026225224
29 Apr 2026296296
30 Apr 20266868
18 May 202644
19 May 202633
20 May 20269695
21 May 20269897
15 Jun 202622
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127126
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202620
7 Jul 20267271
8 Jul 2026144144
9 Jul 20266767
14 Sept 202611
15 Sept 2026155154
16 Sept 20268079
17 Sept 2026124123

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Robert BIEDROŃ S&DPoland99 % of 5 179 shared93 %
Joanna SCHEURING-WIELGUS S&DPoland99 % of 5 149 shared93 %
Iratxe GARCÍA PÉREZ S&DSpain98 % of 4 801 shared93 %
Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ S&DLithuania97 % of 4 862 shared93 %
Sérgio GONÇALVES S&DPortugal97 % of 5 038 shared93 %
Isilda GOMES S&DPortugal97 % of 4 664 shared93 %
André FRANQUEIRA RODRIGUES S&DPortugal97 % of 4 364 shared93 %
Carla TAVARES S&DPortugal97 % of 4 808 shared93 %
Camilla LAURETI S&DItaly97 % of 5 068 shared93 %
Ana Catarina MENDES S&DPortugal97 % of 4 791 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group RenewItaly90 % of 1 757 shared86 %
Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE RenewBelgium89 % of 3 674 shared86 %
Pascal CANFIN RenewFrance89 % of 4 635 shared86 %
Ľudovít ÓDOR RenewSlovakia89 % of 4 838 shared86 %
Dainius ŽALIMAS RenewLithuania89 % of 4 873 shared86 %
Jana TOOM RenewEstonia89 % of 4 406 shared86 %
Gerben-Jan GERBRANDY RenewNetherlands89 % of 5 124 shared86 %
Raquel GARCÍA HERMIDA-VAN DER WALLE RenewNetherlands89 % of 5 184 shared86 %
Martin HOJSÍK RenewSlovakia89 % of 4 669 shared86 %
Bernard GUETTA RenewFrance89 % of 4 524 shared86 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Constitutional AffairsAFCO CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Legal AffairsJURI CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with CanadaD-CA DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with Australia and New ZealandDANZ DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with Central AsiaDCAS DelegationSubstitute19 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Anti-Racism and DiversityIG10-02 Intergroup / working groupMember14 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on LGBTIQ+IG10-16 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on the Welfare and Conservation of AnimalsIG10-27 Intergroup / working groupMember8 Jan 2025now

Show all 9 seats

Dossiers

No rapporteur, shadow or negotiator role recorded this term.

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

27 contributions recorded; 4 on behalf of their group; 41 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 27 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 90

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026Exclusion of purchases of Russian sable pelts from EU sanctions E-10-2026-003651Written questionwith 13 co-authorsNot yet answered
15 Jul 2026Implementation of Case C-81/24 (Jenec) and protection against extraterritorial sanctions targeting international justice E-10-2026-002968Written questionwith 15 co-authors17 Sept 2026
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
17 Jun 2026Recognition of obesity as a chronic disease under EU public health policy E-10-2026-002516Written questionwith 17 co-authors24 Aug 2026
17 Jun 2026Request that the Commission publish evidence pertaining to the non-activation of the Blocking Statute E-10-2026-002520Written questionwith 31 co-authorsNot yet answered
10 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the recruitment of children by organised crime B-10-2026-0275Motion for a resolutionwith 33 co-authors—
4 Jun 2026Regulation (EU) 2025/40 on packaging and packaging waste E-10-2026-002296Written questionwith 2 co-authors21 Aug 2026
4 Jun 2026Revision of Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009 and phase-out of CO₂ stunning of pigs E-10-2026-002317Written questionwith 12 co-authors21 Aug 2026
19 May 2026Use of Hungarian public funds for organised activities concerning transnational political influence in the EU democratic space E-10-2026-002058Written questionwith 12 co-authors1 Sept 2026
19 May 2026EU countries’ responsibility for arms transfers to Israel E-10-2026-002059Written questionwith 2 co-authors13 Jul 2026

Show all 90 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 44

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
29 Jun 2026Towards an EU strategy to protect and strengthen the international justice system and its institutions, mechanisms and partners JURI-AM-790243 JURI5
24 Jun 2026Establishing the Union support for internal security for the period from 2028 to 2034 LIBE-AM-790119 LIBE15
19 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the ‘AgoraEU’ programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790063 CJ652
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790058 CJ6517
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790062 CJ6541
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790061 CJ6532
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790059 CJ6516
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790057 CJ6515
5 Jun 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788898 ITRE5
19 May 2026Establishing the Justice programme for the period 2028-2034 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/693 CJ03-AM-788926 CJ0333

Show all 44 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Poland National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Krzysztof ŚMISZEK”. Member record. memberId 257085. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257085?page=4&vscope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257085. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/257085?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-257085,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Krzysztof ŚMISZEK}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257085?page=4&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257085?page=4&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 257085. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257085. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}