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Member

Borys BUDKA

EPP · Poland

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Poland
Roll-call participation
84.4 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
91.4 %ⓘ of 523 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
KO Koalicja Obywatelska
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
17 of 484 votesⓘ
Committees
EMPL (substitute), ITRE (chair)
Member id
257047
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

84.4 %

523 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (−6.2 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

91.4 %

478 of 523 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (−4.2 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

3.5 %

17 of 484 votes where their group had a clear line

12 opposite (for ↔ against), 5 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.7 %

9 of 523 votes cast

Participation 84.4 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Borys BUDKA84.4 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 91.4 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Borys BUDKA91.4 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Separate vote on paragraph 9 383 for, 231 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 108, adding text after paragraph 8 187 for, 449 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Separate vote on paragraph 7 430 for, 121 against, 105 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 63 to paragraph 5 72 for, 567 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 27, adding text after paragraph 4 133 for, 486 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 46, adding text before paragraph 1 106 for, 503 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 45, adding text before paragraph 1 111 for, 511 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 44, adding text before paragraph 1 130 for, 480 against, 47 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 512 145 for, 494 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 515 114 for, 503 against, 23 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 395 99 for, 498 against, 58 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 396 121 for, 477 against, 49 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 376 82 for, 530 against, 43 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 481 145 for, 503 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 386 76 for, 562 against, 17 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 491 174 for, 460 against, 19 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 485 191 for, 452 against, 13 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 366 28 for, 576 against, 49 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 492 201 for, 448 against, 3 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 490 193 for, 455 against, 0 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 391 108 for, 534 against, 8 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 667 477 for, 139 against, 34 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 393 101 for, 478 against, 76 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 363 150 for, 453 against, 45 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 489 184 for, 454 against, 17 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 488 119 for, 512 against, 22 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 362 203 for, 431 against, 18 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 487 151 for, 481 against, 16 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 361 207 for, 424 against, 22 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 484 176 for, 458 against, 21 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 483 158 for, 469 against, 14 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 482 169 for, 461 against, 20 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 655 — part 2 452 for, 187 against, 13 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 390 115 for, 422 against, 116 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 389 89 for, 510 against, 56 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 360 83 for, 504 against, 63 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 359 105 for, 471 against, 72 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
21 Oct 2025A new legislative framework for products that is fit for the digital and sustainable transition Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 505 for, 62 against, 47 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Standing Forest and Forestry Expert Group Referral back to committee 352 for, 242 against, 40 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Standing Forest and Forestry Expert Group Final votePassed 327 for, 256 against, 58 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Standing Forest and Forestry Expert Group Amendment 17 to recital 2 198 for, 422 against, 11 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
21 Oct 2025Standing Forest and Forestry Expert Group Amendment 19, adding text after citation 4 260 for, 372 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
21 Oct 2025Standing Forest and Forestry Expert Group Amendment 22 to Article 1 236 for, 395 against, 9 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
21 Oct 2025Monitoring framework for resilient European forests Proposal to reject the text 370 for, 264 against, 9 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Statute and funding of European political parties and European political foundations Final vote on the provisional agreementPassed 446 for, 162 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025General Data Protection Regulation: additional procedural rules relating to the enforcement of the Regulation Final vote on the provisional agreementPassed 533 for, 43 against, 68 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks and improving cooperation among Union agencies in the area of chemicals Final vote on the provisional agreementPassed 469 for, 126 against, 50 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency Final vote on the provisional agreementPassed 477 for, 93 against, 76 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Common data platform on chemicals, establishing a monitoring and outlook framework for chemicals Final vote on the provisional agreementPassed 471 for, 123 against, 48 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
21 Oct 2025Parliament’s calendar of part-sessions – 2027 10-11 November 537 for, 88 against, 14 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 9 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Andrzej HALICKI EPPPoland96 % of 4 569 shared89 %
Krzysztof BREJZA EPPPoland96 % of 4 626 shared89 %
Ewa KOPACZ EPPPoland96 % of 5 004 shared89 %
Andrzej BUŁA EPPPoland96 % of 4 577 shared89 %
Mirosława NYKIEL EPPPoland96 % of 4 426 shared89 %
Jagna MARCZUŁAJTIS-WALCZAK EPPPoland96 % of 4 688 shared89 %
Michał WAWRYKIEWICZ EPPPoland96 % of 4 507 shared89 %
Magdalena ADAMOWICZ EPPPoland96 % of 4 737 shared89 %
Bogdan Andrzej ZDROJEWSKI EPPPoland96 % of 4 980 shared89 %
Łukasz KOHUT EPPPoland96 % of 4 857 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Dan BARNA RenewRomania83 % of 4 364 shared82 %
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia83 % of 4 490 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania83 % of 3 523 shared82 %
Dan NICA S&DRomania82 % of 2 876 shared75 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium82 % of 4 836 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland82 % of 3 926 shared82 %
Jérémy DECERLE RenewFrance82 % of 2 756 shared82 %
Nathalie LOISEAU RenewFrance82 % of 3 938 shared82 %
Ivars IJABS RenewLatvia82 % of 3 725 shared82 %
Grégory ALLIONE RenewFrance82 % of 4 225 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Employment and Social AffairsEMPL CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeChair23 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with Australia and New ZealandDANZ DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-CorruptionIG10-01 Intergroup / working groupMember16 Jan 2025now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeMember19 Jul 202422 Jul 2024

Show all 5 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationITRE29 Jun 2026
Agreement between the European Union and Canada laying down the conditions for the participation of Canadian legal entities and products originating in Canada to procurement under the SAFE InstrumentRapporteurITRE20 Apr 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationITRE15 Apr 2026
On the adoption of the Research Programme of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, on the multiannual technical guidelines for this programme, on the multiannual financial guidelines for managing the assets of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, and repealing Decisions 2003/77/EC and 2008/376/ECRapporteurITRE6 Mar 2026
Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Lebanon, in the form of an Exchange of Letters, amending and supplementing the Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation between the European Union and the Republic of Lebanon, setting out the terms and conditions for the participation of the Republic of Lebanon in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA)RapporteurITRE29 Jan 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationITRE15 Jan 2026
No dossier namedOpinion rapporteurITRE13 Nov 2025
Amending Council Regulation (EU) 2021/1173 of 13 July 2021 on establishing the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1488RapporteurITRE17 Oct 2025
EU-Switzerland Cooperation Agreement on the European Satellite Navigation ProgrammesRapporteurITRE2 Jul 2025
Renewal of the Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation between the European Community and the Government of the Republic of IndiaRapporteurITRE30 Jun 2025

Show all 20 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

9 contributions recorded; 1 on behalf of their group; 19 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 9 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 24

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
1 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Commission delegated regulation of 10 April 2026 amending Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807 to introduce a trajectory to gradually decrease the contribution of high indirect land-use change-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels to renewable energy targets B-10-2026-0337Motion for a resolution—
29 Jun 2026Protecting minors online from manipulation, bullying and grooming E-10-2026-002680Written questionwith 9 co-authors11 Sept 2026
17 Jun 2026Recognition of obesity as a chronic disease under EU public health policy E-10-2026-002516Written questionwith 17 co-authors24 Aug 2026
9 Jun 2026Chinese tomato concentrate imports: protecting EU producers and food security P-10-2026-002375Priority written questionwith 23 co-authors13 Jul 2026
25 Mar 2026Ensuring competition and strategic autonomy in the AI gigafactory supply chain E-10-2026-001255Written questionwith 17 co-authors19 Jun 2026
24 Feb 2026Ensuring risk assessment as the basis for proportionate regulation of cosmetic products E-10-2026-000762Written questionwith 20 co-authors16 Apr 2026
18 Feb 2026Checks on the presence of prohibited substances and trace impurities in non-EU cosmetic products entering the single market E-10-2026-000688Written questionwith 21 co-authors21 May 2026
18 Feb 2026Inspections to ensure regulatory conformity of cosmetic products in the single market with the Cosmetic Products Regulation E-10-2026-000687Written questionwith 22 co-authorsNot yet answered
9 Feb 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on World Cancer Day B-10-2026-0141Motion for a resolutionwith 18 co-authors—
14 Jan 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION seeking an opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed Partnership Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the Common Market of the South, the Argentine Republic, the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Republic of Paraguay and the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, of the other part, and the proposed Interim Agreement on Trade between the European Union, of the one part, and the Common Market of the South, the Argentine Republic, the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Republic of Paraguay and the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, of the other part B-10-2026-0060Motion for a resolutionwith 143 co-authors—

Show all 24 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 69

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
29 Sept 2026EU Emissions Trading System and market stability reserve: competitiveness and cost-effective decarbonisation ITRE-AM-796198 ITRE5
29 Sept 2026EU Emissions Trading System and market stability reserve: competitiveness and cost-effective decarbonisation ITRE-AM-796255 ITRE12
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790934 CJ535
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790953 CJ532
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790932 CJ535
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790935 CJ536
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790936 CJ5314
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790937 CJ5322
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790938 CJ538
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790939 CJ532

Show all 69 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Poland National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
2 October 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Borys BUDKA”. Member record. memberId 257047. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257047?page=70&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 2 October 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257047. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/257047?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-257047,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Borys BUDKA}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257047?page=70&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257047?page=70&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-10-02},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 257047. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257047. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}