Skip to content

Member

Marc JONGEN

ESN · Germany

Group
ESN
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
88.4 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
97.6 %ⓘ of 547 votes where the group had a line · ESN median 93.9 %
More facts (5)
National party
AfD Alternative für Deutschland
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
10 of 529 votesⓘ
Committees
CULT (substitute), DEVE, ENVI
Member id
256942
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

88.4 %

548 of 620 final votes while in office

ESN median: 90.8 % (−2.4 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.6 %

534 of 547 votes where their group had a line

ESN median: 93.9 % (+3.7 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.9 %

10 of 529 votes where their group had a clear line

3 opposite (for ↔ against), 4 abstained against the line, 3 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

14.2 %

78 of 548 votes cast

Participation 88.4 % — ESN median 90.8 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Marc JONGEN88.4 %
ESN median90.8 %
Lowest in the group65.8 %
Highest in the group97.7 %
Members27
With majority line 97.6 % — ESN median 93.9 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Marc JONGEN97.6 %
ESN median93.9 %
Lowest in the group64.4 %
Highest in the group99.3 %
Members27
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of ESN; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 16 to paragraph 48 198 for, 417 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 15, adding text after paragraph 43 198 for, 438 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 47, adding text after paragraph 33 203 for, 425 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 46, adding text after paragraph 33 238 for, 400 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 45 to paragraph 33 238 for, 398 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 44 to paragraph 24 368 for, 233 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 13 to paragraph 22 209 for, 433 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 19 203 for, 434 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 27, adding text after paragraph 19 200 for, 432 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 12 to paragraph 19 199 for, 429 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 26, adding text after paragraph 13 205 for, 436 against, 0 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 10 to paragraph 12 209 for, 432 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 9 to paragraph 11 159 for, 426 against, 45 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 2 186 for, 434 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Paragraph 2 — part 2 591 for, 8 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: Agencies Amendment 43, adding text after paragraph 1 219 for, 412 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: European Public Prosecutor’s Office Final vote — text as a wholeDischarge decision adopted 454 for, 161 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Data Protection Supervisor Final vote — text as a whole 528 for, 59 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Data Protection Supervisor Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 20 217 for, 425 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: European Public Prosecutor’s Office Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 63 206 for, 272 against, 169 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Ombudsman Final vote — text as a whole 593 for, 14 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Committee of the Regions Final vote — text as a whole 567 for, 70 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Economic and Social Committee Final vote — text as a whole 478 for, 146 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European External Action Service Final vote — text as a whole 429 for, 145 against, 76 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European External Action Service Separate vote on paragraph 71 458 for, 178 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European External Action Service Amendment 1 to paragraph 33 219 for, 418 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European External Action Service Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 27 211 for, 431 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European External Action Service Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 27 228 for, 264 against, 151 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European External Action Service Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 26 164 for, 389 against, 94 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Court of Auditors Final vote — text as a whole 343 for, 160 against, 150 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Court of Auditors Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 15 — part 2 350 for, 269 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Court of Auditors Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 15 — part 1 529 for, 105 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Court of Justice of the European Union Final vote — text as a whole 526 for, 79 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Court of Justice of the European Union Amendment 4 to recital C 210 for, 432 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Court of Justice of the European Union Amendment 1 to recital C 210 for, 432 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Court of Justice of the European Union Amendment 3 to paragraph 41 193 for, 450 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Court of Justice of the European Union Amendment 2 to paragraph 5 205 for, 443 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Council and Council Final vote — text as a whole 432 for, 160 against, 65 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Council and Council Separate vote on paragraph 30 329 for, 286 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Council and Council Amendment 6 to paragraph 30 274 for, 365 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Council and Council Amendment 2 to paragraph 30 219 for, 417 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Final vote — text as a whole 441 for, 131 against, 81 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 58, adding text after paragraph 149 203 for, 442 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 57 to paragraph 146 177 for, 435 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Paragraph 138 — part 2 444 for, 131 against, 77 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Paragraph 138 — part 1 462 for, 159 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 22 to paragraph 138 289 for, 349 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 13 to paragraph 123 275 for, 374 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 26 to paragraph 122 215 for, 426 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
29 Apr 2026Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament Amendment 53, adding text after paragraph 94 202 for, 430 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 12 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ESN

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Christine ANDERSON ESNGermany99 % of 4 976 shared80 %
Irmhild BOSSDORF ESNGermany99 % of 5 117 shared80 %
Anja ARNDT ESNGermany99 % of 4 829 shared80 %
Hans NEUHOFF ESNGermany98 % of 3 853 shared80 %
Alexander SELL ESNGermany98 % of 4 807 shared80 %
René AUST ESNGermany98 % of 4 897 shared80 %
Arno BAUSEMER ESNGermany98 % of 4 591 shared80 %
Petr BYSTRON ESNGermany97 % of 4 544 shared80 %
Siegbert Frank DROESE ESNGermany97 % of 4 835 shared80 %
Mary KHAN ESNGermany97 % of 4 826 shared80 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany98 % of 229 shared49 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance77 % of 4 566 shared64 %
Gerald HAUSER PatriotsAustria77 % of 5 017 shared70 %
Petra STEGER PatriotsAustria77 % of 5 128 shared70 %
Georg MAYER PatriotsAustria77 % of 4 446 shared70 %
Roman HAIDER PatriotsAustria77 % of 5 261 shared70 %
Elisabeth DIERINGER PatriotsAustria77 % of 5 268 shared70 %
Ewa ZAJĄCZKOWSKA-HERNIK changed group PatriotsPoland76 % of 1 356 shared70 %
Laurence TROCHU ECRFrance76 % of 5 062 shared64 %
Harald VILIMSKY PatriotsAustria76 % of 5 128 shared70 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Culture and EducationCULT CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on DevelopmentDEVE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember20 Jan 2025now
Subcommittee on Human RightsDROI SubcommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-UK Parliamentary Partnership AssemblyD-UK Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Cariforum-EU Parliamentary CommitteeDCAR Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)DASE DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Caribbean-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDCAB Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember19 Jul 202419 Jan 2025

Show all 10 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegation · 2 declarationsDROI15 Sept 2026
Role of EU development cooperation in combating all dimensions of child poverty in developing countriesShadow rapporteurDEVE9 Sept 2026
Need for a long-term EU development cooperation strategy to face challenges in education in developing countriesShadow rapporteurDEVE9 Sept 2026
A compass for Global Gateway in a world of crises - further guidance for core instruments, flagship projects and the Team Europe approachShadow rapporteurDEVE9 Sept 2026
EU Gender Action Plan IV – priorities for gender equality and women’s rights in external actionShadow rapporteurDEVE9 Sept 2026
Situation of international law and the risks to multilateralism, democracy and the European UnionShadow rapporteur for an opinionDEVE9 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDEVE9 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDROI16 Jul 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDEVE25 Jun 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDEVE17 Jun 2026

Show all 39 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

38 contributions recorded; 17 on behalf of their group; 54 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
17 Sept 2026Strengthening global health resilience in partner countries (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 3 minRead
18 Jun 2026Joint Declaration on ‘Culture for Europe - Europe for Culture’ (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
21 May 2026The Union’s preparedness for and response to health emergencies: the case of the MV Hondius and the hantavirus warning (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
21 May 2026The Union’s preparedness for and response to health emergencies: the case of the MV Hondius and the hantavirus warning (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
26 Mar 2026Global Gateway – past impacts and future orientation (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
12 Mar 2026Prevention and treatment of obesity (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 2 minRead
11 Feb 2026International Day of Education, fighting inequalities in access to education (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
10 Feb 2026Extreme weather events in particular in Portugal, southern Italy, Malta and Greece: European response in strengthening readiness, preparedness and solidarity mechanisms (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 2 minRead
21 Jan 2026Restoring control of migration: returns, visa policy and third-country cooperation (topical debate) Speech · 2 minRead
18 Dec 2025European Democracy Shield – very large online platform algorithms, foreign interference and the spread of disinformation (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 38 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 40

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
27 Aug 2026The EU’s deadly anti-racism ideology: the death of Henry Nowak E-10-2026-003350Written questionwith 22 co-authorsNot yet answered
31 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0347Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan B-10-2026-0360Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0352Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
16 Jun 2026Ramifications of the fraud scandal at the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) in Yemen E-10-2026-002477Written question24 Aug 2026
11 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on politically motivated banking B-10-2026-0283Motion for a resolutionwith 15 co-authors—
31 May 2026Unacceptable raising of the LGBTQI flag on the Commission building E-10-2026-002196Written questionwith 13 co-authors27 Aug 2026
30 Apr 2026Concerns about the EU’s new age verification app E-10-2026-001771Written questionwith 10 co-authors6 Jul 2026
15 Apr 2026EU funding of Euronews – transparency, oversight and editorial independence E-10-2026-001546Written questionwith 4 co-authors22 Jun 2026

Show all 40 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 73

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
10 Sept 2026Amending Directives 2001/18/EC and 2010/53/EU as regards the placing on the market of genetically modified micro-organisms and the processing of organs CJ64-AM-792139 CJ644
10 Sept 2026Amending Directives 2001/18/EC and 2010/53/EU as regards the placing on the market of genetically modified micro-organisms and the processing of organs CJ64-AM-792138 CJ648
23 Jul 2026Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework of measures for the acceleration of industrial capacity and decarbonisation in strategic sectors and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2024/1735 and (EU) 2024/3110 ENVI-AM-791125 ENVI59
23 Jul 2026Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework of measures for the acceleration of industrial capacity and decarbonisation in strategic sectors and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2024/1735 and (EU) 2024/3110 ENVI-AM-791124 ENVI40
22 Jul 2026Amending Decision (EU) 2015/1814 as regards ceasing the invalidation of allowances in the market stability reserve ENVI-AM-791122 ENVI11
15 Jul 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and Regulation (EU) 2024/1244 as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-790846 ENVI8
10 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards CO2 emission performance standards for new light duty vehicles and vehicle labelling and repealing Directive 1999/94/EC ENVI-AM-789913 ENVI1
2 Jul 2026on the general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 DEVE-AM-790761 DEVE3
26 Jun 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) ENVI-AM-790222 ENVI43
26 Jun 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) ENVI-AM-790221 ENVI12

Show all 73 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 5a7357168c2a (28 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
28 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Marc JONGEN”. Member record. memberId 256942. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256942?page=28&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 28 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256942. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256942?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 5a7357168c2a (28 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256942,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Marc JONGEN}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256942?page=28&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256942?page=28&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-28},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256942. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256942. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 5a7357168c2a (28 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}