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Member

Petr BYSTRON

ESN · Germany

Group
ESN
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
86.4 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
97.6 %ⓘ of 5 116 votes where the group had a line · ESN median 94.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
AfD Alternative für Deutschland
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
96 of 4 873 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, EMPL, IMCO
Member id
256928
More
Cite this page EP profile (opens the official site)
Link to this page

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Period Whole term2024 (from July)20252026
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928

Roll-call participation ⓘ

86.4 %

5 123 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

ESN median: 91.3 % (−4.9 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.6 %

4 992 of 5 116 votes where their group had a line

ESN median: 94.6 % (+3.0 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.0 %

96 of 4 873 votes where their group had a clear line

62 opposite (for ↔ against), 25 abstained against the line, 9 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

8.7 %

446 of 5 123 votes cast

Participation 86.4 % — ESN median 91.3 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Petr BYSTRON86.4 %
ESN median91.3 %
Lowest in the group68.6 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members27
With majority line 97.6 % — ESN median 94.6 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Petr BYSTRON97.6 %
ESN median94.6 %
Lowest in the group70.6 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members27
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of ESN; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Show Final votesAll roll calls
Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
17 Sept 2026Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong following the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung Adopted 459 for, 12 against, 86 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Adopted 374 for, 198 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector Adopted 514 for, 61 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026Post-electoral repression in Zambia and the killing of Mutotwe Kafwaya Adopted 562 for, 1 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Impact of social media and the online environment on young people Adopted 395 for, 136 against, 80 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The role of social, economic and environmental standards in safeguarding fair competition for all aquatic food products and improving food security Adopted 467 for, 92 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Adopted 368 for, 172 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Sept 2026Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officers Adopted 601 for, 4 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Adopted 339 for, 225 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Strengthening global health resilience in partner countries Adopted 319 for, 142 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V) Passed 549 for, 92 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V) Passed 540 for, 105 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) Passed 530 for, 125 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034 Passed 496 for, 53 against, 125 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation 2028-2034 Passed 600 for, 21 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Nuclear decommissioning assistance programme of the Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania for the period 2028-2034 Passed 625 for, 20 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Switzerland Agreement on the transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime Consent given 549 for, 75 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-UK Agreement regarding cooperation on the application of their respective competition laws Consent given 640 for, 5 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
16 Sept 2026EU-Iceland Agreement on the participation of Iceland in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme Consent given 631 for, 7 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Norway Agreement on the participation of Norway in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme Consent given 612 for, 8 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified soybean GMB151 x DAS-44406-6 Objection passed 442 for, 184 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified soybean MON 94313 Objection passed 457 for, 184 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified maize MON 87460 Objection passed 433 for, 159 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Adopted 470 for, 129 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026An EU cardiovascular diseases strategy Adopted 545 for, 47 against, 75 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Adopted 390 for, 218 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Passed 464 for, 50 against, 159 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
15 Sept 2026Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation Fund Passed 433 for, 97 against, 146 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Market stability reserve for the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS): ceasing the invalidation of allowances Passed 367 for, 240 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sectors Passed 467 for, 158 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Implementation into Union law of measures adopted by regional fisheries management organisations Passed 559 for, 48 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
15 Sept 2026General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM): fishing in the GFCM Agreement area Passed 580 for, 51 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Temporary trade-liberalisation measures applicable to Armenian products Passed 583 for, 49 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Draft amending budget No 2/2026: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure Passed 440 for, 127 against, 104 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Adopted 420 for, 220 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Implementation of the Council Recommendation on a Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee Adopted 530 for, 77 against, 61 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026The EU Youth Strategy 2019–2027 Adopted 477 for, 124 against, 66 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Global role of the euro Adopted 405 for, 146 against, 60 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Establishment of the digital euro Negotiating mandate approved 416 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Adopted 476 for, 28 against, 96 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Adopted 510 for, 1 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness Adopted 366 for, 192 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement Consent given 479 for, 119 against, 65 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Protection of the environment through criminal law Consent given 499 for, 99 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Interim Agreement on Trade Consent given 474 for, 131 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Morocco Euro-Mediterranean Aviation Agreement: accession to the EU of Croatia (Protocol) Consent given 625 for, 16 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU-Morocco Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation setting out the terms and conditions for the participation of Morocco in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA): amendment and supplement Consent given 573 for, 35 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Trajectory to decrease the contribution of high indirect land-use change-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels to renewable energy targets Objection passed 388 for, 248 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Lead in certain fishing tackle Objection failed 197 for, 455 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Genetically modified maize NK603 × T25 Objection passed 460 for, 189 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 25 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 2024239
18 Jul 202410
16 Sept 202422
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249289
7 Oct 202420
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241817
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 2024100
23 Oct 20241290
24 Oct 20241312
13 Nov 202420
14 Nov 2024360
25 Nov 202421
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245756
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 2024330
19 Dec 20244544
20 Jan 202520
21 Jan 202510
22 Jan 202520
23 Jan 2025450
10 Feb 202510
11 Feb 20253231
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253029
10 Mar 202520
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228219
13 Mar 20252424
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253531
2 Apr 2025251249
3 Apr 20256262
5 May 202550
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220217
8 May 202510399
21 May 202520
22 May 2025530
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259181
19 Jun 20258782
7 Jul 202510
8 Jul 20255553
9 Jul 2025134129
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202511
9 Sept 202510198
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256969
6 Oct 202521
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255552
9 Oct 20256563
20 Oct 202530
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186184
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 2025267266
24 Nov 202530
25 Nov 20257574
26 Nov 202510096
27 Nov 2025125105
15 Dec 202544
16 Dec 20256666
17 Dec 20254342
18 Dec 20254226
20 Jan 2026670
21 Jan 20261120
22 Jan 2026580
9 Feb 202622
10 Feb 2026380
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141139
24 Feb 20264343
9 Mar 202611
10 Mar 2026197192
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202633
26 Mar 20266967
27 Apr 202620
28 Apr 2026225209
29 Apr 2026296288
30 Apr 20266868
18 May 202644
19 May 202633
20 May 20269692
21 May 20269897
15 Jun 202622
16 Jun 20264038
17 Jun 2026127119
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202622
7 Jul 20267263
8 Jul 2026144136
9 Jul 20266767
14 Sept 202610
15 Sept 2026155153
16 Sept 20268078
17 Sept 2026124121

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ESN

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Christine ANDERSON ESNGermany98 % of 4 828 shared80 %
Marc JONGEN ESNGermany97 % of 4 544 shared80 %
Hans NEUHOFF ESNGermany97 % of 3 849 shared80 %
Anja ARNDT ESNGermany97 % of 4 429 shared80 %
Irmhild BOSSDORF ESNGermany97 % of 4 969 shared80 %
Arno BAUSEMER ESNGermany97 % of 4 488 shared80 %
René AUST ESNGermany96 % of 4 677 shared80 %
Alexander SELL ESNGermany96 % of 4 655 shared80 %
Mary KHAN ESNGermany96 % of 4 669 shared80 %
Siegbert Frank DROESE ESNGermany95 % of 4 803 shared80 %

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany97 % of 227 shared49 %
Milan MAZUREK changed group ESNSlovakia76 % of 271 shared49 %
Georg MAYER PatriotsAustria76 % of 4 241 shared70 %
Petra STEGER PatriotsAustria76 % of 5 013 shared70 %
Gerald HAUSER PatriotsAustria76 % of 4 991 shared70 %
Roman HAIDER PatriotsAustria76 % of 5 099 shared70 %
Ewa ZAJĄCZKOWSKA-HERNIK changed group PatriotsPoland76 % of 1 301 shared70 %
Elisabeth DIERINGER PatriotsAustria76 % of 5 078 shared70 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance75 % of 4 496 shared64 %
Harald VILIMSKY PatriotsAustria75 % of 4 910 shared70 %

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Employment and Social AffairsEMPL CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer ProtectionIMCO CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Türkiye Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-TR Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with Central AsiaDCAS DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationAFET19 Jan 2026

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

48 contributions recorded; 10 on behalf of their group; 55 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Sept 2026Hybrid attacks against the EU Member States (joint debate) Speech · 2 minRead
15 Sept 2026Hybrid attacks against the EU Member States (joint debate) SpeechRead
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (A10-0172/2026 - Michael Gahler) (vote) SpeechRead
7 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (debate) SpeechRead
7 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (debate) SpeechRead
7 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (debate) SpeechRead
7 Jul 2026Presentation of the programme of activities of the Irish Presidency (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
17 Jun 2026Protecting EU citizens’ data from hybrid threats: the Lithuanian case (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
19 May 2026Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 103

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Sayli Navarro B-10-2026-0402Motion for a resolutionwith 1 co-author—
9 Sept 2026The 28th regime/EU Inc.: can the Commission guarantee the soundness of its legal basis? P-10-2026-003589Priority written questionwith 17 co-authorsNot yet answered
17 Aug 2026EU funding and potential financing of terrorism through Islamic Relief Deutschland e.V. and Islamic Relief Worldwide P-10-2026-003288Priority written questionNot yet answered
31 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors—
17 Jul 2026Adapting EU energy performance policies in the light of extreme heat episodes O-10-2026-000032Oral questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
16 Jul 2026Constitutional coup by Péter Magyar’s government E-10-2026-003035Written questionwith 42 co-authors11 Sept 2026
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0347Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan B-10-2026-0360Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0352Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
30 Jun 2026Erasmus Mundus: academic excellence programme or migration pathway? E-10-2026-002701Written questionwith 20 co-authors19 Aug 2026

Show all 103 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 16

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
26 Mar 2026The EU Youth Strategy 2019-2027 EMPL-AM-786783 EMPL6
26 Jan 2026the proposal for a Council regulation laying down the Multiannual Financial Framework for 2028-2034 EMPL-AM-782214 EMPL3
14 Nov 2025Tackling barriers to the single market for defence IMCO-AM-779541 IMCO8
14 Nov 2025Registration documents for vehicles and vehicle registration data recorded in national vehicle registers IMCO-AM-779645 IMCO13
25 Sept 2025Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies EMPL-AM-778022 EMPL16
4 Sept 2025Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1938 IMCO-AM-776905 IMCO10
8 May 2025A new legislative framework for products that is fit for the digital and sustainable transition IMCO-AM-773238 IMCO2
29 Apr 20252023 and 2024 Commission reports on Georgia AFET-AM-773108 AFET18
25 Apr 2025Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union, of the one part, and the Kyrgyz Republic, of the other part AFET-AM-773109 AFET3
24 Apr 2025Establishing harmonised requirements in the internal market on transparency of interest representation carried out on behalf of third countries and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937 IMCO-AM-773099 IMCO10

Show all 16 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256928?nb=all&seats=all&vscope=final
Official source
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Petr BYSTRON”. Member record. memberId 256928. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256928?nb=all&seats=all&vscope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256928. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256928?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-member-256928,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Petr BYSTRON}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256928?nb=all&seats=all&vscope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256928?nb=all&seats=all&vscope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256928. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256928. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}