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Member

Janusz LEWANDOWSKI

EPP · Poland

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Poland
Roll-call participation
85.0 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
93.4 %ⓘ of 527 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
KO Koalicja Obywatelska
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
13 of 495 votesⓘ
Committees
BUDG (vice-chair), CONT (substitute), ECON (substitute)
Member id
23781
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

85.0 %

527 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (−5.6 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

93.4 %

492 of 527 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (−2.2 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.6 %

13 of 495 votes where their group had a clear line

3 opposite (for ↔ against), 10 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

5.1 %

27 of 527 votes cast

Participation 85.0 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Janusz LEWANDOWSKI85.0 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 93.4 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Janusz LEWANDOWSKI93.4 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 51, adding text after paragraph 51 206 for, 396 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 51 196 for, 445 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 50 to paragraph 50 92 for, 536 against, 44 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 48 — part 2 415 for, 251 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 45 — part 5 362 for, 283 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 45 — part 4 369 for, 267 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 45 — part 3 339 for, 299 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 45 — part 2 547 for, 81 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 45 — part 1 345 for, 305 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 16 to paragraph 45 239 for, 418 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 44 — part 2 381 for, 275 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 49 to paragraph 44 205 for, 403 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 15 to paragraph 43 228 for, 429 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 48, adding text after paragraph 41 239 for, 409 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 159 to paragraph 41 134 for, 450 against, 72 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 46, adding text after paragraph 37 291 for, 335 against, 42 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 45, adding text after paragraph 35 — part 2 439 for, 181 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 45, adding text after paragraph 35 — part 1 451 for, 140 against, 74 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 30 — part 6 620 for, 40 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 30 — part 5 509 for, 39 against, 119 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 30 — part 4 614 for, 42 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 30 — part 3 571 for, 43 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 30 — part 2 357 for, 95 against, 209 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 30 — part 1 603 for, 31 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 19 to paragraph 30 284 for, 355 against, 34 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 39, adding text after paragraph 29 258 for, 347 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 38, adding text after paragraph 29 196 for, 420 against, 49 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 37, adding text after paragraph 29 114 for, 517 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 106, adding text after paragraph 28 — part 2 537 for, 77 against, 57 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 106, adding text after paragraph 28 — part 1 406 for, 227 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 36, adding text after paragraph 28 114 for, 532 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 28 — part 4 290 for, 339 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 28 — part 3 308 for, 332 against, 35 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 28 — part 2 341 for, 201 against, 107 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 154 to paragraph 28 185 for, 445 against, 20 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 18 to paragraph 28 237 for, 339 against, 97 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 35, adding text after paragraph 9 102 for, 486 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 34, adding text after paragraph 9 106 for, 518 against, 42 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 32, adding text after paragraph 9 70 for, 565 against, 38 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 31, adding text after paragraph 9 121 for, 500 against, 52 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 30 to paragraph 8 — part 2 130 for, 463 against, 77 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 30 to paragraph 8 — part 1 246 for, 379 against, 52 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Separate vote on paragraph 4, indent 20 528 for, 61 against, 85 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 149 to paragraph 4, indent 20 187 for, 469 against, 14 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 147 to paragraph 4, after indent 8 172 for, 445 against, 22 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Separate vote on paragraph 4, indent 8 664 for, 5 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Paragraph 4, indent 7 — part 2 282 for, 340 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 145 to paragraph 4, indent 7 192 for, 448 against, 11 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 27 to paragraph 4, after indent 6 548 for, 60 against, 64 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 Amendment 14 to paragraph 1 197 for, 463 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 5 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Bogdan Andrzej ZDROJEWSKI EPPPoland94 % of 4 898 shared89 %
Marie-Sophie CHRIST EPPGermany94 % of 1 361 shared89 %
Andrzej HALICKI EPPPoland94 % of 4 479 shared89 %
Adam JARUBAS EPPPoland94 % of 3 629 shared89 %
Krzysztof BREJZA EPPPoland93 % of 4 566 shared89 %
Jacek PROTAS EPPPoland93 % of 4 707 shared89 %
Bartłomiej SIENKIEWICZ EPPPoland93 % of 4 843 shared89 %
Andrzej BUŁA EPPPoland93 % of 4 512 shared89 %
Kamila GASIUK-PIHOWICZ EPPPoland93 % of 4 799 shared89 %
Bartosz ARŁUKOWICZ EPPPoland93 % of 4 695 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia82 % of 4 402 shared82 %
Sophie WILMÈS RenewBelgium82 % of 3 430 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium82 % of 4 754 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania82 % of 4 413 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland81 % of 3 956 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania81 % of 3 646 shared82 %
Anna-Maja HENRIKSSON RenewFinland81 % of 4 327 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands81 % of 3 807 shared82 %
Benoit CASSART RenewBelgium81 % of 4 546 shared82 %
Jeannette BALJEU RenewNetherlands81 % of 4 436 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on BudgetsBUDG CommitteeVice-chair23 Jul 2024now
Committee on Budgetary ControlCONT CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Economic and Monetary AffairsECON CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with MercosurDMER DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-CorruptionIG10-01 Intergroup / working groupMember16 Jan 2025now
Committee on BudgetsBUDG CommitteeMember19 Jul 202422 Jul 2024

Show all 7 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationBUDG20 May 2026
System of own resources of the European Union and repealing Decision (EU, Euratom) 2020/2053Shadow rapporteur for an opinionECON20 May 2026
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activitiesOpinion rapporteurECON11 Mar 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Austria - EGF/2025/005 AT/KTMRapporteurBUDG13 Feb 2026
Establishing Global EuropeShadow rapporteur for an opinionBUDG22 Jan 2026
Establishing the Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034, amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/1153Opinion rapporteurBUDG21 Jan 2026
Establishing Global EuropeOpinion rapporteurBUDG21 Jan 2026
General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 - all sectionsTrilogue negotiatorBUDG23 Oct 2025
Amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirementsOpinion rapporteurECON1 Apr 2025
No dossier namedRapporteurBUDG26 Mar 2025

Show all 13 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

9 contributions recorded; 13 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
28 Apr 2026Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
17 Dec 2025Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
25 Nov 20252026 budgetary procedure: joint text (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
9 Jul 2025The EU’s post-2027 long-term budget: Parliament’s expectations ahead of the Commission’s proposal (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
6 May 2025A revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing world (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
31 Mar 2025Guidelines for the 2026 budget - Section III (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
26 Nov 20242025 budgetary procedure: Joint text (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
22 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
22 Oct 2024Establishing the Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism and providing exceptional macro-financial assistance to Ukraine (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 9 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 7

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
4 Feb 2026Escalating hybrid threats from Russia in the EU E-10-2026-000441Written questionwith 17 co-authors8 Jun 2026
8 Dec 2025EU-based banks, including Raiffeisen and UniCredit, still operate in Russia, raising concerns about sanctions circumvention and undermining EU credibility E-10-2025-004854Written questionwith 37 co-authors16 Mar 2026
17 Nov 2025Ensuring that prudential requirements under the Capital Requirements Regulation/Capital Requirements Directive do not undermine the omnibus package’s efforts to simplify reporting for SMEs E-10-2025-004575Written questionwith 4 co-authors5 Mar 2026
22 Jul 2025Reassessing the timetable and safeguards for ETS2: preventing price shocks and ensuring social readiness E-10-2025-003032Written questionwith 48 co-authors12 Nov 2025
2 Apr 2025The financing of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty E-10-2025-001357Written questionwith 38 co-authors3 Jun 2025
9 Dec 2024EU-Mercosur agreement E-10-2024-002829Written questionwith 18 co-authors3 Mar 2025
16 Oct 2024Fund for the protection and development of the frontier regions of countries bordering Ukraine, Belarus and Russia E-10-2024-002090Written questionwith 36 co-authors10 Jan 2025

Show all 7 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 22

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
31 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulations (EU) No 1095/2010, No 648/2012, No 600/2014, No 909/2014, 2015/2365, 2019/1156, 2021/23, 2022/858, 2023/1114, No 1060/2009, 2016/1011, 2017/2402, 2023/2631 and 2024/3005 as regards the further development of capital market integration and supervision within the Union ECON-AM-791103 ECON3
31 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulations (EU) No 1095/2010, No 648/2012, No 600/2014, No 909/2014, 2015/2365, 2019/1156, 2021/23, 2022/858, 2023/1114, No 1060/2009, 2016/1011, 2017/2402, 2023/2631 and 2024/3005 as regards the further development of capital market integration and supervision within the Union ECON-AM-791135 ECON13
27 Jul 2026on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2009/65/EC, 2011/61/EU and 2014/65/EU as regards the further development of capital market integration and supervision within the Union ECON-AM-791083 ECON2
27 Jul 2026on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2009/65/EC, 2011/61/EU and 2014/65/EU as regards the further development of capital market integration and supervision within the Union ECON-AM-791126 ECON3
23 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955 and Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 CJ71-AM-790099 CJ712
10 Jun 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 on sustainability-related disclosures in the financial services sector (SFDR), Regulation (EU) No 1286/2014 on key information documents for packaged retail and insurance-based investment products (PRIIPs) and repealing Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1288 ECON-AM-789857 ECON25
10 Jun 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 on sustainability-related disclosures in the financial services sector (SFDR), Regulation (EU) No 1286/2014 on key information documents for packaged retail and insurance-based investment products (PRIIPs) and repealing Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1288 ECON-AM-789905 ECON33
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788892 ITRE1
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788896 ITRE2
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788903 ITRE1

Show all 22 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Poland National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
30 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Janusz LEWANDOWSKI”. Member record. memberId 23781. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/23781?page=98&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 30 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/23781. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/23781?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-23781,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Janusz LEWANDOWSKI}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/23781?page=98&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/23781?page=98&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-30},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 23781. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/23781. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}