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Member

Jüri RATAS

EPP · Estonia

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Estonia
Roll-call participation
98.4 %ⓘ of 5 928 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
97.9 %ⓘ of 5 836 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 93.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
PP Isamaa
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
50 of 5 552 votesⓘ
Committees
BUDG (substitute), ITRE
Member id
188096
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

98.4 %

5 836 of 5 928 roll calls while in office

EPP median: 89.9 % (+8.5 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.9 %

5 712 of 5 836 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 93.6 % (+4.3 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

0.9 %

50 of 5 552 votes where their group had a clear line

39 opposite (for ↔ against), 10 abstained against the line, 1 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

0.8 %

48 of 5 836 votes cast

Participation 98.4 % — EPP median 89.9 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Jüri RATAS98.4 %
EPP median89.9 %
Lowest in the group17.0 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members196
With majority line 97.9 % — EPP median 93.6 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Jüri RATAS97.9 %
EPP median93.6 %
Lowest in the group70.2 %
Highest in the group99.5 %
Members196
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
28 Apr 2026Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024 Amendment 15, adding text after paragraph 1 505 for, 109 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 447 for, 160 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Recital AP — part 2 336 for, 266 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Recital AP — part 1 497 for, 108 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Amendment 4, adding text after Recital AL 316 for, 298 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Recital AL — part 2 482 for, 83 against, 77 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Recital AL — part 1 571 for, 33 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Recital AJ — part 2 394 for, 217 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Recital AJ — part 1 468 for, 129 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Recital AC — part 2 325 for, 269 against, 49 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Recital AC — part 1 475 for, 109 against, 68 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Separate vote on citation 16 347 for, 257 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 28 — part 2 459 for, 134 against, 46 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 28 — part 1 491 for, 111 against, 51 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 25 — part 2 361 for, 218 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 25 — part 1 518 for, 36 against, 100 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 21 — part 2 359 for, 218 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 21 — part 1 444 for, 152 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Amendment 6 to paragraph 21 312 for, 321 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 20 — part 2 335 for, 281 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 20 — part 1 431 for, 184 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 19 — part 2 369 for, 240 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 19 — part 1 504 for, 116 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Amendment 5 to paragraph 16 378 for, 213 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 12 — part 3 491 for, 83 against, 63 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 12 — part 2 496 for, 94 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 12 — part 1 578 for, 37 against, 36 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 7 223 for, 343 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 4 — part 2 394 for, 227 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Paragraph 4 — part 1 492 for, 126 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Amendment 2 179 for, 457 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU Amendment 1 180 for, 455 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2024 Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 377 for, 254 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2024 Amendment 24, adding text after paragraph 37 156 for, 405 against, 58 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Amendments to Parliament's Rules of Procedure concerning appointments to Union agencies and bodies (Rule 135) Final voteAdopted 657 for, 0 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Amendments to Biocidal Products Regulation as regards the extension of certain data protection periods Final votePassed 591 for, 54 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: workers affected by imminent job displacement Final vote on the provisional agreementPassed 566 for, 67 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences Final votePassed 459 for, 127 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Final vote on the provisional agreementPassed 558 for, 35 against, 52 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences Amendment 139, adding text after Recital 27 171 for, 465 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences Amendments 125 + 129 (voted as one), adding text after Article 29 (corresponds to Article 34 in am 120) 251 for, 334 against, 48 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences Amendment 127, adding text after Article 29 (corresponds to Article 34 in am 120) 169 for, 441 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences Amendment 130, adding text after Article 29 (corresponds to Article 34 in am 120) 188 for, 437 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences Amendment 120 to Article 19, after paragraph 1 (corresponds to Article 22 in am 120) — part 3 502 for, 128 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences Amendment 124 to Article 19, After paragraph 1 (corresponds to Article 22 in am 120) 95 for, 551 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences Proposal to vote on amendments 412 for, 225 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Generalised scheme of tariff preferences Proposal to reject the text 39 for, 600 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Guidelines for the 2027 budget - Section III Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 389 for, 191 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
28 Apr 2026Guidelines for the 2027 budget - Section III Amendment 66 to paragraph 63 164 for, 466 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
28 Apr 2026Guidelines for the 2027 budget - Section III Amendment 6 to paragraph 60 349 for, 264 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 19 of 107 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242323
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202420
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249291
7 Oct 202420
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241817
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202420
22 Oct 20241010
23 Oct 2024129129
24 Oct 20241313
13 Nov 202422
14 Nov 20243636
25 Nov 202420
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245757
17 Dec 20241313
18 Dec 20243333
19 Dec 20244545
20 Jan 202520
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254542
10 Feb 202510
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253030
10 Mar 202520
11 Mar 202599
12 Mar 2025228228
13 Mar 20252424
31 Mar 202530
1 Apr 20253535
2 Apr 2025251249
3 Apr 20256262
5 May 202555
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220220
8 May 2025103103
21 May 202522
22 May 20255353
16 Jun 202520
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259191
19 Jun 20258786
7 Jul 202511
8 Jul 20255555
9 Jul 2025134134
10 Jul 20253636
8 Sept 202511
9 Sept 2025101100
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256969
6 Oct 202520
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255555
9 Oct 20256565
20 Oct 202530
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186185
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 2025267266
24 Nov 202530
25 Nov 20257575
26 Nov 2025100100
27 Nov 2025125125
15 Dec 202540
16 Dec 20256666
17 Dec 20254343
18 Dec 20254242
20 Jan 20266767
21 Jan 2026112112
22 Jan 20265858
9 Feb 202622
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 20261313
12 Feb 2026141141
24 Feb 2026430
9 Mar 202610
10 Mar 2026197197
11 Mar 20266060
12 Mar 20263434
25 Mar 202633
26 Mar 20266969
27 Apr 202620
28 Apr 2026225225
29 Apr 2026296296
30 Apr 20266868
18 May 202644
19 May 202633
20 May 20269696
21 May 20269898
15 Jun 202620
16 Jun 20264040
17 Jun 2026127127
18 Jun 20267777
6 Jul 202620
7 Jul 20267272
8 Jul 2026144144
9 Jul 20266767
14 Sept 202610
15 Sept 2026155155
16 Sept 20268080
17 Sept 2026124124

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Manfred WEBER EPPGermany98 % of 4 617 shared89 %
Siegfried MUREŞAN EPPRomania98 % of 5 583 shared89 %
Sandra KALNIETE EPPLatvia98 % of 5 330 shared89 %
Pekka TOVERI EPPFinland97 % of 5 212 shared89 %
Rasa JUKNEVIČIENĖ EPPLithuania97 % of 4 774 shared89 %
Mircea-Gheorghe HAVA EPPRomania97 % of 4 601 shared89 %
Christine SCHNEIDER Former memberEPPGermany97 % of 3 671 shared89 %
Mika AALTOLA EPPFinland97 % of 4 844 shared89 %
Inese VAIDERE EPPLatvia97 % of 5 519 shared89 %
Axel VOSS EPPGermany97 % of 4 581 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia89 % of 5 300 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania88 % of 5 128 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium88 % of 5 654 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland87 % of 4 628 shared82 %
Jan-Christoph OETJEN RenewGermany87 % of 5 658 shared82 %
Elsi KATAINEN RenewFinland87 % of 5 719 shared82 %
Jeannette BALJEU RenewNetherlands87 % of 5 125 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands87 % of 4 421 shared82 %
Moritz KÖRNER RenewGermany87 % of 5 717 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany87 % of 3 963 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on BudgetsBUDG CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Special Committee on the Housing Crisis in the European UnionHOUS Special committeeSubstitute23 Jan 2025now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for Northern cooperation and for relations with Switzerland and Norway and to the EU-Iceland Joint Parliamentary Committee and the European Economic Area (EEA) Joint Parliamentary CommitteeDEEA DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationITRE25 Sept 2026
EU Emissions Trading System and market stability reserve: competitiveness and cost-effective decarbonisationOpinion rapporteurITRE9 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationITRE16 Jul 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationBUDG13 Apr 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationBUDG8 Apr 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationITRE18 Mar 2026
Amending Directives 2008/98/EC, 2010/75/EU, (EU) 2015/2193 and (EU) 2024/1785 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burdenOpinion rapporteurITRE17 Mar 2026
Research and training programme of the European Atomic Energy Community for the period 2028-2032, complementing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, and providing for the Community’s contribution to the ITER projectOpinion rapporteurBUDG13 Jan 2026
Establishing the Union support for the Schengen area, for European integrated border management and for the common policy on visas for the period from 2028 to 2034Shadow rapporteur for an opinionBUDG13 Jan 2026
European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needsShadow rapporteur for an opinionBUDG15 Sept 2025

Show all 13 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

38 contributions recorded, 7 written statements; 2 on behalf of their group; 46 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
17 Jun 2026Protecting EU citizens’ data from hybrid threats: the Lithuanian case (topical debate) Speech · 2 minRead
16 Jun 2026Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026Achieving digital sovereignty and resilience for Europe, in light of recent developments affecting access to advanced AI technologies (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
19 May 2026Opportunities and challenges presented by a comprehensive artificial intelligence strategy for EU trade (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026EU cybersecurity and preparedness in view of advanced AI systems (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
18 May 2026Negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel market (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
25 Mar 2026Energy security, independence and supply in the geopolitical context - ensuring market stability and affordable energy for industry and citizens (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
10 Mar 2026Presentation of the Energy Package (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
12 Feb 2026Time to address economic inequalities in the EU and worldwide (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
21 Jan 2026Presentation of the Digital Networks Act (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 38 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 3

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
3 Mar 2026Visa requirement imposed by Nicaragua on certain EU citizens and application of the reciprocity mechanism P-10-2026-000868Priority written questionwith 9 co-authors31 Mar 2026
8 Dec 2025EU-based banks, including Raiffeisen and UniCredit, still operate in Russia, raising concerns about sanctions circumvention and undermining EU credibility E-10-2025-004854Written questionwith 37 co-authors16 Mar 2026
2 Apr 2025Abolition of seasonal clock changes in the EU and follow-up actions by the Commission E-10-2025-001369Written questionwith 22 co-authors28 Jul 2025

Amendments tabled in committee, 29

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
15 Jun 2026Amending Directives 2008/98/EC, 2010/75/EU, (EU) 2015/2193 and (EU) 2024/1785 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ITRE-AM-789171 ITRE17
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788903 ITRE72
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788904 ITRE7
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788892 ITRE10
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788905 ITRE7
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788891 ITRE8
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788849 ITRE9
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788902 ITRE82
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788896 ITRE7
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788895 ITRE5

Show all 29 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Estonia National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
30 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Jüri RATAS”. Member record. memberId 188096. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/188096?page=31&seats=all&vscope=all (retrieved 30 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/188096. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/188096?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-188096,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Jüri RATAS}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/188096?page=31&seats=all&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/188096?page=31&seats=all&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-30},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 188096. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/188096. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}