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Member

Gilles PENNELLE

Patriots · France

Group
Patriots PfE
Country
France
Roll-call participation
96.5 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
94.1 %ⓘ of 597 votes where the group had a line · Patriots median 80.0 %
More facts (5)
National party
RN Rassemblement national
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
2 of 474 votesⓘ
Committees
AGRI, EMPL (substitute)
Member id
126699
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

96.5 %

598 of 620 final votes while in office

Patriots median: 90.8 % (+5.6 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

94.1 %

562 of 597 votes where their group had a line

Patriots median: 80.0 % (+14.1 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

0.4 %

2 of 474 votes where their group had a clear line

0 opposite (for ↔ against), 2 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

12.2 %

73 of 598 votes cast

Participation 96.5 % — Patriots median 90.8 %, 89 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 89 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Gilles PENNELLE96.5 %
Patriots median90.8 %
Lowest in the group44.2 %
Highest in the group99.7 %
Members89
With majority line 94.1 % — Patriots median 80.0 %, 89 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 89 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Gilles PENNELLE94.1 %
Patriots median80.0 %
Lowest in the group59.5 %
Highest in the group94.8 %
Members89
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of Patriots; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
17 Sept 2026Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Amendment 5 to paragraph 4 138 for, 468 against, 2 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Paragraph 2 — part 2 461 for, 130 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Amendment 4 to paragraph 2 128 for, 469 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 1 248 for, 294 against, 60 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Sept 2026Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Paragraph 1 — part 2 478 for, 117 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 134 for, 436 against, 35 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The role of social, economic and environmental standards in safeguarding fair competition for all aquatic food products and improving food security Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 467 for, 92 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Impact of social media and the online environment on young people Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 395 for, 136 against, 80 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Sept 2026Impact of social media and the online environment on young people Recital AD — part 2 413 for, 143 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026Impact of social media and the online environment on young people Recital AD — part 1 575 for, 13 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Impact of social media and the online environment on young people Paragraph 85 — part 2 403 for, 146 against, 50 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026Impact of social media and the online environment on young people Paragraph 85 — part 1 449 for, 100 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Sept 2026Impact of social media and the online environment on young people Paragraph 63 — part 3 401 for, 181 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 514 for, 61 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 55 197 for, 400 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 29 189 for, 387 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector Separate vote on paragraph 17 487 for, 45 against, 66 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Tie
17 Sept 2026Post-electoral repression in Zambia and the killing of Mutotwe Kafwaya Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 562 for, 1 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 1 195 for, 373 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 374 for, 198 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Amendment 5 to paragraph 8 145 for, 417 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Amendment 4 to paragraph 7 153 for, 424 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong following the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 459 for, 12 against, 86 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Sept 2026Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong following the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung Separate vote on paragraph 3 517 for, 8 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified maize MON 87460 Final vote on the motion for a resolutionObjection passed 433 for, 159 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified soybean MON 94313 Final vote on the motion for a resolutionObjection passed 457 for, 184 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified soybean GMB151 x DAS-44406-6 Final vote on the motion for a resolutionObjection passed 442 for, 184 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 390 for, 218 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Separate vote on citation 19 359 for, 210 against, 81 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Separate vote on citation 9 353 for, 204 against, 79 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Recital AC — part 2 311 for, 309 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Recital AC — part 1 466 for, 128 against, 40 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Separate vote on recital AB 354 for, 205 against, 89 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Separate vote on recital AA 362 for, 208 against, 79 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Separate vote on recital Z 431 for, 165 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Recital J — part 2 335 for, 279 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Recital J — part 1 509 for, 115 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Separate vote on recital D 593 for, 37 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Recital B — part 2 411 for, 213 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Recital B — part 1 395 for, 179 against, 63 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 63 — part 3 351 for, 272 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 63 — part 2 429 for, 153 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 63 — part 1 460 for, 129 against, 64 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 62 — part 3 325 for, 296 against, 33 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 62 — part 2 446 for, 138 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 62 — part 1 450 for, 168 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Separate vote on paragraph 60 386 for, 230 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 48 — part 3 322 for, 313 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 48 — part 2 409 for, 150 against, 79 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Paragraph 48 — part 1 510 for, 78 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 1 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within Patriots

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Marie-Luce BRASIER-CLAIN PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 788 shared74 %
Jean-Paul GARRAUD PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 335 shared74 %
Anne-Sophie FRIGOUT PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 152 shared74 %
Julien LEONARDELLI PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 491 shared74 %
Séverine WERBROUCK PatriotsFrance100 % of 4 989 shared74 %
Marie DAUCHY PatriotsFrance100 % of 4 458 shared74 %
Valérie DELOGE PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 645 shared74 %
André ROUGÉ PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 606 shared74 %
Fabrice LEGGERI PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 443 shared74 %
Pierre PIMPIE PatriotsFrance100 % of 5 637 shared74 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Sarah KNAFO ESNFrance78 % of 4 370 shared70 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance78 % of 5 024 shared68 %
Laurence TROCHU ECRFrance77 % of 5 554 shared68 %
Nicolas BAY ECRFrance76 % of 5 218 shared68 %
Marion MARÉCHAL ECRFrance76 % of 4 964 shared68 %
Luis-Vicențiu LAZARUS No groupRomania73 % of 4 821 shared51 %
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany71 % of 4 473 shared69 %
René AUST ESNGermany71 % of 5 296 shared70 %
Hans NEUHOFF ESNGermany71 % of 4 313 shared70 %
Marc JONGEN ESNGermany70 % of 5 170 shared70 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Employment and Social AffairsEMPL CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with the People's Republic of ChinaD-CN DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with IndiaD-IN DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Christians in the Middle EastIG10-07 Intergroup / working groupMember20 Feb 2025now

Show all 6 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurAGRI17 Jun 2026
Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the Union and the United States of America pursuant to Article XXVIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 relating to the modification of concessions on all the tariff rate quotas included in the EU Schedule CLXXV as a consequence of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European UnionShadow rapporteur for an opinionAGRI8 Jan 2026
Adjustment of customs duties on the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America and opening of tariff quotas for imports of certain goods originating in the United States of AmericaShadow rapporteur for an opinionAGRI11 Dec 2025
General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 - all sectionsShadow rapporteur for an opinionAGRI14 Jul 2025
Amending Regulations (EU) No 1308/2013, (EU) 2021/2115 and (EU) No 251/2014 as regards certain market rules and sectoral support measures in the wine sector and for aromatised wine productsShadow rapporteurAGRI23 Jun 2025
No dossier namedShadow rapporteur for an opinionAGRI30 Jan 2025
No dossier namedDelegation chairD-IN26 Sept 2024
2024/0027(COD) Granting equivalence with EU requirements to Moldova and Ukraine as regards field inspections and production of seedShadow rapporteurAGRI23 Sept 2024

Show all 8 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

45 contributions recorded; 8 on behalf of their group; 54 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine (A10-0172/2026 - Michael Gahler) (vote) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026EU-Mexico (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026Preparation of the European Council (joint debate) Speech · 1 minRead
19 May 2026Presentation of the Fertilisers Action Plan (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
30 Apr 2026How to secure a sustainable future for the EU livestock sector in light of the need to ensure food security, farmers’ resilience and the challenges posed by animal diseases? (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
29 Apr 2026EU strategy in response to the ongoing Middle East crisis, its implications on energy prices and the availability of fertilizers (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
25 Mar 2026Conclusions of the European Council meeting of 19 March 2026 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
11 Mar 2026Multilateral negotiations in view of the WTO’s 14th Ministerial Conference in Yaoundé, 26 to 29 March 2026 (debate) on behalf of PatriotsSpeech · 1 minRead
10 Mar 2026Cutting red tape to enable a competitive and clean transition – the urgent need to shorten and simplify permitting (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
12 Feb 2026Cooperation among enforcement authorities regarding unfair trading practices in the agri-food supply chain (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 121

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
16 Sept 2026European seed sovereignty E-10-2026-003723Written questionwith 1 co-authorNot yet answered
10 Aug 2026Putting an end to AdBlue-related fire engine breakdowns E-10-2026-003245Written questionwith 13 co-authorsNot yet answered
5 Aug 2026Coherence of EU policies on nature restoration, vineyard restructuring and forest fire prevention E-10-2026-003209Written questionwith 5 co-authorsNot yet answered
17 Jul 2026Adapting EU energy performance policies in the light of extreme heat episodes O-10-2026-000032Oral questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
16 Jul 2026Constitutional coup by Péter Magyar’s government E-10-2026-003035Written questionwith 42 co-authors11 Sept 2026
16 Jul 2026Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG) ‘Fleur de Sel’ E-10-2026-003007Written questionwith 8 co-authors26 Aug 2026
15 Jul 2026Commission’s ‘anti-racism’ strategy: towards a presumption that European societies are racist? E-10-2026-002952Written questionwith 11 co-authors21 Aug 2026
15 Jul 2026Automotive industry turning more and more to temporary workers, and protection of those workers E-10-2026-002959Written questionwith 7 co-authorsNot yet answered
1 Jul 2026Agricultural land grabbing in the EU and the appropriation of CAP funds by foreign interests E-10-2026-002740Written questionwith 13 co-authors18 Aug 2026
18 Jun 2026New Caledonian nickel industry and Europeans’ strategic autonomy E-10-2026-002537Written questionwith 9 co-authors7 Aug 2026

Show all 121 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 84

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
28 Jul 2026Amending Directives 2008/98/EC, 2010/75/EU, (EU) 2015/2193 and (EU) 2024/1785 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-791123 ENVI14
20 Jul 2026Amending Directives 2008/98/EC, 2010/75/EU, (EU) 2015/2193 and (EU) 2024/1785 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-790834 ENVI11
17 Jul 2026Strengthening competitiveness, resilience and fairness in EU agriculture AGRI-AM-791100 AGRI17
17 Jul 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790898 AGRI1
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790958 AGRI9
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790916 AGRI5
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790918 AGRI16
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790899 AGRI12
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790915 AGRI7
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790955 AGRI6

Show all 84 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation France National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Gilles PENNELLE”. Member record. memberId 126699. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/126699?page=3&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/126699. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/126699?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-126699,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Gilles PENNELLE}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/126699?page=3&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/126699?page=3&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 126699. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/126699. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}