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Member

Sander SMIT

ECR · Netherlands

Group
ECR Changed group: EPP 16 Jul 2024 – 10 Mar 2026 → ECR since 11 Mar 2026
Country
Netherlands
Roll-call participation
90.3 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes Changed group in this period: not compared with a single group’s median.
With majority line
81.9 %ⓘ of 559 votes where the group had a line · compared per group under Record
More facts (5)
National party
BBB BoerBurgerBeweging
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
80 of 498 votesⓘ
Committees
AFCO, ENVI (substitute), PECH (substitute)
Member id
125325
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

90.3 %

560 of 620 final votes while in office

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

81.9 %

458 of 559 votes where their group had a line

Against clear line ⓘ

16.1 %

80 of 498 votes where their group had a clear line

20 opposite (for ↔ against), 57 abstained against the line, 3 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

15.9 %

89 of 560 votes cast

Compared with each group they sat in

The member’s record in each group they sat in during the period, over the roll calls held while they sat in it (dates: the first and last of them). Each figure with its denominator: participation of the roll calls held, majority line of the votes where the group had one, against clear line of the votes where it had a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting), abstention of the votes cast. Median: that group’s median over the same roll calls, with the member’s difference in percentage points. A figure over fewer than 50 votes is shown as a count.
GroupParticipationWith majority lineAgainst clear lineAbstention
EPP 17 Jul 2024 – 10 Mar 202688.2 % of 417 median 90.9 % (−2.6 pts)84.0 % of 368 median 95.4 % (−11.5 pts)15.0 % of 33911.4 % of 368
ECR 11 Mar 2026 – 17 Sept 202694.6 % of 203 median 93.6 % (+1.0 pts)78.0 % of 191 median 86.9 % (−8.9 pts)18.2 % of 15924.5 % of 192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.
  • This member changed group in this period: each vote counts them in the group of that day, and they are compared with each group over the roll calls held while they sat in it — not with one group’s median.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
3 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 12 to recital 2 178 for, 411 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 17 to Article 2 Directive 2024/1760 (UE) Article 37, point 1 176 for, 412 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 16 to Article 1, paragraph 1, point 1 Directive 2022/2464 (UE) Article 5, point 2 174 for, 407 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Amending Directives (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards the dates from which Member States are to apply certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements Amendment 1 68 for, 537 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Immediate risk of further repression by Lukashenka’s regime in Belarus - threats from the Investigative Committee Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 535 for, 19 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Immediate risk of further repression by Lukashenka’s regime in Belarus - threats from the Investigative Committee Paragraph 7 — part 2 477 for, 113 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Immediate risk of further repression by Lukashenka’s regime in Belarus - threats from the Investigative Committee Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 1 250 for, 292 against, 49 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Execution spree in Iran and the confirmation of the death sentences of activists Behrouz Ehsani and Mehdi Hassani Amendment 1, adding text after recital C 424 for, 54 against, 120 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Execution spree in Iran and the confirmation of the death sentences of activists Behrouz Ehsani and Mehdi Hassani Amendment 3, adding text after recital B 272 for, 264 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Execution spree in Iran and the confirmation of the death sentences of activists Behrouz Ehsani and Mehdi Hassani Amendment 2 to paragraph 8 378 for, 182 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Execution spree in Iran and the confirmation of the death sentences of activists Behrouz Ehsani and Mehdi Hassani Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 4 180 for, 404 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Prosecution of journalists in Cameroon, notably the cases of Amadou Vamoulké, Kingsley Fomunyuy Njoka, Mancho Bibixy, Thomas Awah Junior, Tsi Conrad Separate vote on paragraph 6 418 for, 108 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 432 for, 127 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 26, adding text after paragraph 42 193 for, 402 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 42 283 for, 298 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 2 to paragraph 40 429 for, 168 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 39 155 for, 394 against, 60 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 39 70 for, 389 against, 112 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 39 71 for, 463 against, 51 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 39 77 for, 451 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 39 236 for, 205 against, 147 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Separate vote on paragraph 35 559 for, 3 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 31 113 for, 433 against, 51 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 25 to paragraph 30 102 for, 453 against, 48 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 24, adding text after paragraph 29 123 for, 456 against, 34 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 23 to paragraph 29 142 for, 426 against, 42 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 32, adding text after paragraph 27 133 for, 438 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 31, adding text after paragraph 27 138 for, 443 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 19 155 for, 412 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 19 143 for, 366 against, 107 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 17 to paragraph 15 174 for, 426 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 8 169 for, 423 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 6 146 for, 447 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 12 to paragraph 3 108 for, 460 against, 34 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament Amendment 11 to paragraph 2 122 for, 475 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
3 Apr 2025Granting equivalence with EU requirements to Moldova and Ukraine as regards field inspections and production of seed Decision to open negotiations with the CouncilNegotiating mandate approved 411 for, 191 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
3 Apr 2025Establishing an EU talent pool Decision to open negotiations with the CouncilNegotiating mandate approved 327 for, 229 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 390 for, 116 against, 126 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 70, adding text after recital R — part 2 137 for, 440 against, 61 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 70, adding text after recital R — part 1 551 for, 55 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 5, adding text after recital R 174 for, 438 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 67, adding text after recital J 252 for, 305 against, 87 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 21 to paragraph 61 156 for, 502 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 65, adding text after paragraph 58 201 for, 457 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 92, adding text after paragraph 56 153 for, 467 against, 36 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 20 to paragraph 55 186 for, 458 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 19 to paragraph 54 193 for, 462 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 64, adding text after paragraph 52 209 for, 287 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 62, adding text after paragraph 52 231 for, 404 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
2 Apr 2025Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 52 200 for, 434 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 6 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within the same group (on the day of each vote)

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Jessika VAN LEEUWEN changed group ECRNetherlands98 % of 5 262 shared87 %
Stephen Nikola BARTULICA ECRCroatia83 % of 1 539 shared81 %
Diego SOLIER changed group ECRSpain83 % of 1 709 shared81 %
Nora JUNCO GARCÍA changed group ECRSpain82 % of 1 718 shared81 %
Ivaylo VALCHEV ECRBulgaria82 % of 1 677 shared81 %
Adrian-George AXINIA ECRRomania81 % of 1 712 shared81 %
Marco SQUARTA ECRItaly81 % of 1 203 shared81 %
Jaak MADISON ECREstonia80 % of 1 472 shared81 %
Waldemar TOMASZEWSKI ECRLithuania80 % of 1 376 shared81 %
Paolo INSELVINI ECRItaly80 % of 1 621 shared81 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Alexandr VONDRA ECRCzechia70 % of 3 426 shared50 %
Bert-Jan RUISSEN ECRNetherlands69 % of 3 596 shared50 %
Jaak MADISON ECREstonia69 % of 2 921 shared50 %
Aurelijus VERYGA ECRLithuania69 % of 3 555 shared50 %
Ondřej KRUTÍLEK ECRCzechia68 % of 3 600 shared50 %
Antonín STANĚK PatriotsCzechia68 % of 2 983 shared55 %
Giuseppe MILAZZO ECRItaly68 % of 1 802 shared50 %
Reinis POZŅAKS ECRLatvia68 % of 3 395 shared50 %
Branko GRIMS changed group No groupSlovenia68 % of 1 476 shared49 %
Ruggero RAZZA ECRItaly68 % of 3 005 shared50 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Constitutional AffairsAFCO CommitteeMember11 Mar 2026now
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeSubstitute11 Mar 2026now
Committee on FisheriesPECH CommitteeSubstitute11 Mar 2026now
Delegation for relations with South AfricaD-ZA DelegationSubstitute26 Mar 2026now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblyMember27 Apr 2026now
Delegation to the Pacific-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDPAC Parliamentary assemblyMember27 Apr 2026now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on European Cultural Heritage, Ways of Saint James and other European Cultural RoutesIG10-11 Intergroup / working groupMember29 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Sustainable LivestockIG10-15 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas (SEARICA)IG10-20 Intergroup / working groupMember17 Feb 2025now

Show all 20 seats

Dossiers

Show all 6 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

56 contributions recorded; 3 on behalf of their group; 61 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 61

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
24 Aug 2026Reports of verbal and physical harassment within the European Commission E-10-2026-003307Written questionwith 1 co-authorNot yet answered
19 Aug 2026Framework and support for small-scale EU coastal fishers in relation to emerging bluefin tuna stocks in the North Sea E-10-2026-003298Written questionwith 2 co-authorsNot yet answered
23 Jul 2026Methane Regulation and threat to the security of supply of oil and gas P-10-2026-003107Priority written question4 Sept 2026
14 Jul 2026Transparency and subsidiarity safeguards for LGBTIQ-related funding under AgoraEU and CERV+ E-10-2026-002903Written questionwith 11 co-authors25 Aug 2026
1 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the Commission delegated regulation (EU) of 27 March 2026 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/688 as regards infection with bluetongue virus (serotypes 1-24) and infection with epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus and introducing a derogation for movements of registered equine animals B-10-2026-0342Motion for a resolutionwith 40 co-authors—
18 Jun 2026Human trafficking and human rights violations through recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular from Africa, for Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine E-10-2026-002532Written questionwith 27 co-authors6 Aug 2026
18 Jun 2026Inclusion of surrogacy in the new EU strategy to combat trafficking in human beings E-10-2026-002535Written questionwith 19 co-authors4 Aug 2026
17 Jun 2026Turkish interference with aircraft carrying EU Defence Ministers travelling to the Republic of Cyprus E-10-2026-002522Written questionwith 5 co-authors3 Aug 2026
20 May 2026Council debate on targeted revision of EU species-protection rules E-10-2026-002098Written questionwith 5 co-authors16 Jul 2026
11 May 2026Shipment of salmonella-contaminated chicken from Brazil E-10-2026-001939Written questionwith 2 co-authors22 Jul 2026

Show all 61 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 101

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
17 Jul 2026Multiannual plan for the fisheries exploiting demersal stocks in the western Mediterranean Sea PECH-AM-791020 PECH18
16 Jul 2026General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sections PECH-AM-791014 PECH8
15 Jul 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and Regulation (EU) 2024/1244 as regards simplification of some requirements and reduction of administrative burden ENVI-AM-790846 ENVI4
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790917 AGRI4
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790915 AGRI3
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790957 AGRI6
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790956 AGRI2
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790899 AGRI1
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790918 AGRI7
13 Jul 2026Establishing the conditions for the implementation of the Union support to the Common Agriculture Policy for the period from 2028 to 2034 AGRI-AM-790919 AGRI1

Show all 101 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political groups this term

National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
30 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Sander SMIT”. Member record. memberId 125325. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/125325?page=95&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 30 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/125325. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/125325?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-125325,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Sander SMIT}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/125325?page=95&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/125325?page=95&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-30},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 125325. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/125325. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}