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Member

Nicola ZINGARETTI

S&D · Italy

Group
S&D
Country
Italy
Roll-call participation
89.5 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
98.7 %ⓘ of 555 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 97.1 %
More facts (5)
National party
PD Partito Democratico
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
5 of 549 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, CULT (substitute), ITRE
Member id
28419
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

89.5 %

555 of 620 final votes while in office

S&D median: 89.5 % (±0.0 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

98.7 %

548 of 555 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 97.1 % (+1.6 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

0.9 %

5 of 549 votes where their group had a clear line

3 opposite (for ↔ against), 2 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

0.9 %

5 of 555 votes cast

Participation 89.5 % — S&D median 89.5 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Nicola ZINGARETTI89.5 %
S&D median89.5 %
Lowest in the group48.1 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
With majority line 98.7 % — S&D median 97.1 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Nicola ZINGARETTI98.7 %
S&D median97.1 %
Lowest in the group86.7 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
17 Sept 2026Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong following the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung Adopted 459 for, 12 against, 86 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Adopted 374 for, 198 against, 19 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector Adopted 514 for, 61 against, 33 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Post-electoral repression in Zambia and the killing of Mutotwe Kafwaya Adopted 562 for, 1 against, 33 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Impact of social media and the online environment on young people Adopted 395 for, 136 against, 80 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The role of social, economic and environmental standards in safeguarding fair competition for all aquatic food products and improving food security Adopted 467 for, 92 against, 44 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Adopted 368 for, 172 against, 69 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officers Adopted 601 for, 4 against, 5 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Adopted 339 for, 225 against, 16 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026Strengthening global health resilience in partner countries Adopted 319 for, 142 against, 19 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V) Passed 549 for, 92 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V) Passed 540 for, 105 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) Passed 530 for, 125 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034 Passed 496 for, 53 against, 125 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation 2028-2034 Passed 600 for, 21 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Nuclear decommissioning assistance programme of the Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania for the period 2028-2034 Passed 625 for, 20 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Switzerland Agreement on the transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime Consent given 549 for, 75 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-UK Agreement regarding cooperation on the application of their respective competition laws Consent given 640 for, 5 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Iceland Agreement on the participation of Iceland in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme Consent given 631 for, 7 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Norway Agreement on the participation of Norway in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme Consent given 612 for, 8 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified soybean GMB151 x DAS-44406-6 Objection passed 442 for, 184 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified soybean MON 94313 Objection passed 457 for, 184 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified maize MON 87460 Objection passed 433 for, 159 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Adopted 470 for, 129 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026An EU cardiovascular diseases strategy Adopted 545 for, 47 against, 75 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Adopted 390 for, 218 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Passed 464 for, 50 against, 159 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation Fund Passed 433 for, 97 against, 146 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Market stability reserve for the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS): ceasing the invalidation of allowances Passed 367 for, 240 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
15 Sept 2026Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sectors Passed 467 for, 158 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Implementation into Union law of measures adopted by regional fisheries management organisations Passed 559 for, 48 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM): fishing in the GFCM Agreement area Passed 580 for, 51 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Temporary trade-liberalisation measures applicable to Armenian products Passed 583 for, 49 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Draft amending budget No 2/2026: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure Passed 440 for, 127 against, 104 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Adopted 420 for, 220 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Implementation of the Council Recommendation on a Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee Adopted 530 for, 77 against, 61 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026The EU Youth Strategy 2019–2027 Adopted 477 for, 124 against, 66 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Global role of the euro Adopted 405 for, 146 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Establishment of the digital euro Negotiating mandate approved 416 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Adopted 476 for, 28 against, 96 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Adopted 510 for, 1 against, 86 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness Adopted 366 for, 192 against, 39 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement Consent given 479 for, 119 against, 65 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Protection of the environment through criminal law Consent given 499 for, 99 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Interim Agreement on Trade Consent given 474 for, 131 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Morocco Euro-Mediterranean Aviation Agreement: accession to the EU of Croatia (Protocol) Consent given 625 for, 16 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU-Morocco Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation setting out the terms and conditions for the participation of Morocco in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA): amendment and supplement Consent given 573 for, 35 against, 37 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Trajectory to decrease the contribution of high indirect land-use change-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels to renewable energy targets Objection passed 388 for, 248 against, 24 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026Lead in certain fishing tackle Objection failed 197 for, 455 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026Genetically modified maize NK603 × T25 Objection passed 460 for, 189 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 5 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Irene TINAGLI S&DItaly98 % of 5 133 shared93 %
Matteo RICCI S&DItaly98 % of 4 484 shared93 %
Sandro RUOTOLO S&DItaly98 % of 4 103 shared93 %
Georgia TRAMACERE S&DItaly98 % of 1 724 shared93 %
Giuseppe LUPO S&DItaly98 % of 5 017 shared93 %
Alessandra MORETTI S&DItaly98 % of 5 014 shared93 %
Stefano BONACCINI S&DItaly98 % of 4 971 shared93 %
Camilla LAURETI S&DItaly98 % of 5 269 shared93 %
Annalisa CORRADO S&DItaly98 % of 4 173 shared93 %
Antonio DECARO Former memberS&DItaly98 % of 2 059 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group RenewItaly90 % of 1 477 shared86 %
Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE RenewBelgium88 % of 3 841 shared86 %
Ľudovít ÓDOR RenewSlovakia88 % of 4 964 shared86 %
Jana TOOM RenewEstonia88 % of 4 540 shared86 %
Irena JOVEVA RenewSlovenia88 % of 5 084 shared86 %
Gerben-Jan GERBRANDY RenewNetherlands88 % of 5 202 shared86 %
Marjan ŠAREC RenewSlovenia88 % of 4 724 shared86 %
Charles GOERENS RenewLuxembourg88 % of 4 923 shared86 %
Pascal CANFIN RenewFrance88 % of 4 735 shared86 %
Raquel GARCÍA HERMIDA-VAN DER WALLE RenewNetherlands88 % of 5 270 shared86 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Culture and EducationCULT CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Serbia Stabilisation and Association Parliamentary CommitteeD-RS Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Türkiye Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-TR Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with Iraq, including the EU-Iraq Parliamentary Cooperation CommitteeD-IQ DelegationVice-chair16 Oct 2024now
Delegation for relations with Central AsiaDCAS DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Cancer and Rare DiseasesIG10-05 Intergroup / working groupMember27 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Children’s RightsIG10-06 Intergroup / working groupMember19 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Mental HealthIG10-17 Intergroup / working groupMember5 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas (SEARICA)IG10-20 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on the Social Economy and Services of General InterestIG10-23 Intergroup / working groupMember30 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Trade UnionsIG10-24 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Delegation for relations with Iraq, including the EU-Iraq Parliamentary Cooperation CommitteeD-IQ DelegationMember19 Sept 202415 Oct 2024

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Cloud and AI Development ActShadow rapporteurITRE15 Sept 2026
Boosting skills in the Union – opportunities for vocational education and training in times of transitionShadow rapporteur for an opinionCULT1 Jul 2026
A new co-ownership for the future of Euro-Mediterranean relations – the Pact for the MediterraneanRapporteurAFET12 May 2026
Implementation of the Council Recommendation of 30 October 2020 on A Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee and replacing the Council Recommendation of 22 April 2013 on establishing a Youth GuaranteeShadow rapporteur for an opinionCULT16 Mar 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurCULT4 Dec 2025
Enhancing connectivity, preserving cultural heritage and driving local excellence in European tourism – destination management and regional tourism growthShadow rapporteur for an opinionCULT23 Jun 2025
Budgetary procedure 2026 (Budget and discharge)Shadow rapporteurCULT19 Dec 2024
CULT opinion to EMPL \"\"Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on improving and enforcing working conditions of trainees and combating regular employment relationships disguised as traineeshipsRapporteurCULT18 Dec 2024
No dossier namedDelegation vice-chairD-IQ8 Oct 2024

Show all 9 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

34 contributions recorded; 1 on behalf of their group; 38 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026State of the Union (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026Presentation of the Action Plan on Cybersecurity and AI (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
18 Jun 2026Joint Declaration on ‘Culture for Europe - Europe for Culture’ (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026Achieving digital sovereignty and resilience for Europe, in light of recent developments affecting access to advanced AI technologies (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026High time to deliver on the Single Market, providing certainty and predictability for EU businesses and quality jobs (continuation of debate) Speech · 1 minRead
18 May 2026Order of business SpeechRead
29 Apr 2026Commission interference in democratic process and elections (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead
10 Mar 2026Single Market: how to move from an incomplete single market to one market for one Europe (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
11 Feb 2026Topical debate requested by a political group (S&D) (Rule 169) - State violence in Minneapolis and the rule of law in the United States (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead
10 Feb 2026Resumption of the sitting Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 34 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 44

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
7 Sept 2026Bolstering Facebook and Instagram’s child safeguards in the light of Meta’s US settlement E-10-2026-003518Written questionwith 1 co-authorNot yet answered
16 Jul 2026Appointments of CREA Scientific Directors and compatibility with European research policies and merit-based recruitment principles E-10-2026-003021Written questionwith 1 co-author25 Sept 2026
10 Jun 2026Potential conflict of interest in the appointment of the Special Envoy for Industrial AI P-10-2026-002401Priority written questionwith 37 co-authors13 Aug 2026
9 Jun 2026The Spotify-Universal Music Group (UMG) AI music deal and its impact on competition and culture E-10-2026-002376Written question18 Sept 2026
19 May 2026Employment conditions at the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics and protection of EU research funds E-10-2026-002070Written questionwith 6 co-authors3 Jul 2026
13 May 2026The proposed Italian performing arts law’s new organisational model and its potential breach of Directive 1999/70/EC E-10-2026-002013Written questionwith 4 co-authors23 Jun 2026
6 May 2026Continuity of tertiary education for pregnant women and women with children E-10-2026-001857Written questionwith 46 co-authors3 Jul 2026
28 Apr 2026Meta ‘elections operations centers’ E-10-2026-001732Written questionwith 1 co-author1 Jul 2026
15 Apr 2026Application of EU sanctions against a Russian propaganda event in a Member State E-10-2026-001552Written questionwith 17 co-authors15 Jun 2026
7 Mar 2026Use of Emissions Trading System revenues and Italian ‘Energy Decree’ E-10-2026-000946Written questionwith 14 co-authors29 Apr 2026

Show all 44 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 20

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790057 CJ653
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790059 CJ654
15 Jun 2026A new co-ownership for the future of Euro-Mediterranean relations – the Pact for the Mediterranean AFET-AM-789979 AFET56
30 Mar 2026Implementation of the Council Recommendation of 30 October 2020 on A Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee and replacing the Council Recommendation of 22 April 2013 on establishing a Youth Guarantee CULT-AM-786843 CULT43
16 Jan 2026Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 ENVI-AM-782283 ENVI3
9 Dec 2025Discharge 2024: General budget of the EU - Commission CULT-AM-781324 CULT4
2 Jul 2025on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulations (EU) 2021/694, (EU) 2021/695, (EU) 2021/697, (EU) 2021/1153, (EU) 2023/1525 and 2024/795, as regards incentivising defence-related investments in the EU budget to implement the ReArm Europe Plan ITRE-AM-775462 ITRE34
28 Mar 2025European Defence Industry Programme and a framework of measures to ensure the timely availability and supply of defence products (‘EDIP’) CJ55-AM-771939 CJ551
28 Mar 2025European Defence Industry Programme and a framework of measures to ensure the timely availability and supply of defence products (‘EDIP’) CJ55-AM-771936 CJ558
28 Mar 2025European Defence Industry Programme and a framework of measures to ensure the timely availability and supply of defence products (‘EDIP’) CJ55-AM-771937 CJ554

Show all 20 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Italy National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Nicola ZINGARETTI”. Member record. memberId 28419. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28419?period=term&scope=final&seats=all (retrieved 26 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/28419. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/28419?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-28419,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Nicola ZINGARETTI}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28419?period=term&scope=final&seats=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28419?period=term&scope=final&seats=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 28419. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/28419. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}