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Member

Antonio LÓPEZ-ISTÚRIZ WHITE

EPP · Spain

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Spain
Roll-call participation
88.5 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
96.2 %ⓘ of 549 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
PP Partido Popular
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
11 of 508 votesⓘ
Committees
AFCO, AFET, ECON (substitute)
Member id
28399
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

88.5 %

549 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (−2.0 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

96.2 %

528 of 549 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (+0.6 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.2 %

11 of 508 votes where their group had a clear line

6 opposite (for ↔ against), 5 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.5 %

8 of 549 votes cast

Participation 88.5 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Antonio LÓPEZ-ISTÚRIZ WHITE88.5 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 96.2 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Antonio LÓPEZ-ISTÚRIZ WHITE96.2 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendments 89 + 105 + 108 (voted as one) to Article 1 371 for, 260 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 126 to Article 1 173 for, 477 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 70 to Article 1, paragraph 1, point 17; Regulation (EU) 2023/956 362 for, 272 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 120 to Article 1, paragraph 1, after point 2; Regulation (EU) 2023/956 181 for, 462 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 103 to Article 1 182 for, 441 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 87 to Article 1 174 for, 465 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 7 — part 4 451 for, 197 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 7 — part 2 450 for, 196 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 7 — part 1 636 for, 10 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Sept 2026Monday’s agenda – Request by The Left Group – ECB Monday’s agenda — Request by The Left Group — ECB 154 for, 216 against, 85 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Joint communication on humanitarian aid Amendment 15 to recital K 208 for, 347 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Joint communication on humanitarian aid Amendment 13 to recital D 238 for, 251 against, 88 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Abstained
9 Jul 2026Joint communication on humanitarian aid Amendment 6 to paragraph 7 283 for, 216 against, 83 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Joint communication on humanitarian aid Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 4 279 for, 259 against, 54 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Joint communication on humanitarian aid Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 1 255 for, 315 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 366 for, 192 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Amendment 4, adding text after recital D 480 for, 77 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Amendment 3 to recital B 310 for, 261 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Amendment 6 to paragraph 7 334 for, 231 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Amendment 5 to paragraph 6 312 for, 248 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 301 for, 281 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 510 for, 1 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 1 to recital E 176 for, 412 against, 3 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 5 to recital E 195 for, 391 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 4 to recital C — part 2 133 for, 422 against, 40 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 4 to recital C — part 1 207 for, 379 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 6 to paragraph 7 — part 2 148 for, 414 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 6 to paragraph 7 — part 1 194 for, 392 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 476 for, 28 against, 96 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 — part 2 190 for, 402 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 — part 1 177 for, 412 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 1, adding text after recital D 188 for, 330 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 7 — part 2 281 for, 285 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 7 — part 1 580 for, 2 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 6 100 for, 404 against, 94 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 5 72 for, 482 against, 49 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 5 85 for, 445 against, 68 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 5 — part 5 543 for, 23 against, 36 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 5 — part 4 292 for, 279 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 5 — part 3 563 for, 14 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 5 — part 2 291 for, 280 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 5 — part 1 583 for, 1 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 4 87 for, 454 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 3 172 for, 431 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Separate vote on paragraph 4 570 for, 10 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Separate vote on paragraph 3 532 for, 49 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Separate vote on paragraph 2 594 for, 0 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Separate vote on paragraph 1 594 for, 4 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directive Proposal to reject the text 276 for, 286 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directive Amendment 25 to recital 32 157 for, 385 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 11 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Carmen CRESPO DÍAZ EPPSpain99 % of 4 448 shared89 %
Maravillas ABADÍA JOVER EPPSpain99 % of 4 968 shared89 %
Fernando NAVARRETE ROJAS EPPSpain99 % of 5 120 shared89 %
Dolors MONTSERRAT EPPSpain99 % of 4 642 shared89 %
Susana SOLÍS PÉREZ EPPSpain99 % of 4 389 shared89 %
Alma EZCURRA ALMANSA EPPSpain99 % of 1 745 shared89 %
Gabriel MATO EPPSpain99 % of 4 807 shared89 %
Borja GIMÉNEZ LARRAZ EPPSpain99 % of 5 130 shared89 %
Juan Ignacio ZOIDO ÁLVAREZ EPPSpain98 % of 4 955 shared89 %
Raúl DE LA HOZ QUINTANO EPPSpain98 % of 4 730 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia85 % of 4 609 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania84 % of 4 502 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany84 % of 3 469 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium83 % of 4 991 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands83 % of 3 941 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland83 % of 3 982 shared82 %
Jeannette BALJEU RenewNetherlands83 % of 4 471 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania83 % of 3 769 shared82 %
Marie-Agnes STRACK-ZIMMERMANN RenewGermany83 % of 4 200 shared82 %
Jan-Christoph OETJEN RenewGermany83 % of 5 002 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Constitutional AffairsAFCO CommitteeMember14 Sept 2026now
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Economic and Monetary AffairsECON CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Subcommittee on Human RightsDROI SubcommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Mexico Joint Parliamentary CommitteeD-MX Joint parliamentary committeeChair3 Oct 2024now
Delegation for relations with IsraelD-IL DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the Arab PeninsulaDARP DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary AssemblyDLAT Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 May 2025now
Intergroup on Children’s RightsIG10-06 Intergroup / working groupVice-chair19 Feb 2025now

Show all 15 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedCommittee vice-chairAFCO25 Sept 2026
No dossier namedDelegation chairD-MX15 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDROI2 Jul 2026
No dossier namedDelegation chairD-MX13 May 2026
EuroLat Parliamentary Assembly meetings in Mexico City (26-28 May 2026)Official delegationDLAT13 May 2026
Countering transnational repression – towards an EU strategy to protect Europe’s sovereignty and democratic valuesShadow rapporteurAFET15 Jan 2026
No dossier namedDelegation chairD-MX16 Oct 2025
No dossier namedDelegation chairD-MX14 Oct 2025
Addressing impunity through EU sanctions, including the EU Global Human Rights sanctions regime (so called “EU Magnitsky Act”)RapporteurAFET2 Jun 2025
Relations between the EU and Saudi ArabiaShadow rapporteurAFET13 May 2025

Show all 18 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

44 contributions recorded; 11 on behalf of their group; 66 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Escalation in the Middle East (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026The EU’s role in the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip and the accountability of Israel under international law (topical debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
7 Jul 2026EU-Mexico (joint debate) Speech · 2 minRead
17 Jun 2026Deteriorating situation of political prisoners in Belarus, in particular the case of Aliaksandra Pulinovich Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026Political prisoners in Nicaragua – the cases of Carlos Brenes, Salvadora del Socorro Martínez Aburto and Brooklyn Rivera on behalf of EPPSpeech · 1 minRead
16 Jun 2026The role of the EU in efforts for peace and stability throughout the Middle East after the announced deal between the US and Iran (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
29 Apr 2026Situation in Lebanon: implementation of the ceasefire, support peace efforts and humanitarian access (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
29 Apr 2026The need to combat antisemitism and protect Jewish life in Europe, following the recent attacks against the Jewish community in the Netherlands and Belgium (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 101

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0394Motion for a resolutionwith 27 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan B-10-2026-0350Motion for a resolutionwith 27 co-authors—
6 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre B-10-2026-0355Motion for a resolutionwith 27 co-authors—
16 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION the continued crackdown on civic space and fundamental freedoms in Burkina Faso B-10-2026-0321Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
16 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Deteriorating situation of political prisoners in Belarus, in particular the case of Aliaksandra Pulinovich B-10-2026-0328Motion for a resolutionwith 28 co-authors—
15 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Nicaragua – the cases of Carlos Brenes, Salvadora del Socorro Martínez Aburto and Brooklyn Rivera B-10-2026-0292Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
15 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland B-10-2026-0304Motion for a resolutionwith 32 co-authors—
12 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba B-10-2026-0285Motion for a resolutionwith 6 co-authors—
2 Jun 2026Reports of the Palestinian Authority’s continuing ‘pay-for-slay’ scheme E-10-2026-002235Written questionwith 8 co-authors3 Sept 2026
18 May 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on repression and execution of protesters, dissidents, political prisoners and religious minorities in Iran B-10-2026-0265Motion for a resolutionwith 19 co-authors—

Show all 101 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 50

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Show all 50 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Spain National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Antonio LÓPEZ-ISTÚRIZ WHITE”. Member record. memberId 28399. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28399?page=8&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 26 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/28399. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/28399?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-28399,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Antonio LÓPEZ-ISTÚRIZ WHITE}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28399?page=8&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28399?page=8&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 28399. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/28399. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}