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Member · Former member

Daniel CASPARY

EPP · Germany · left on 28 February 2026

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
87.9 %ⓘ of 3 881 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.2 % · whole term, roll calls
With majority line
97.5 %ⓘ of 3 411 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 93.6 %
More facts (4)
National party
CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands
In office
16 Jul 2024 – 28 Feb 2026 (left on 28 February 2026)
Against clear line
49 of 3 252 votesⓘ
Member id
28219
More
Cite this page EP profile (opens the official site)
Link to this page

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Period Whole term2024 (from July)20252026
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928

Roll-call participation ⓘ

87.9 %

3 411 of 3 881 roll calls while in office

EPP median: 89.9 % (−2.0 pts)

Chamber median: 90.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.5 %

3 326 of 3 411 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 93.6 % (+3.9 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

1.5 %

49 of 3 252 votes where their group had a clear line

43 opposite (for ↔ against), 5 abstained against the line, 1 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

0.9 %

29 of 3 411 votes cast

Participation 87.9 % — EPP median 89.9 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Daniel CASPARY87.9 %
EPP median89.9 %
Lowest in the group17.0 %
Highest in the group99.6 %
Members196
With majority line 97.5 % — EPP median 93.6 %, 196 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 196 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Daniel CASPARY97.5 %
EPP median93.6 %
Lowest in the group70.2 %
Highest in the group99.5 %
Members196
  • Whole term, 5 928 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 3 881

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Show Final votesAll roll calls
Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Amendment 3 to recital Q 167 for, 405 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Amendment 2, adding text after recital A 184 for, 376 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Separate vote on citation 13 397 for, 162 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Paragraph 33 — part 2 405 for, 169 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Paragraph 33 — part 1 530 for, 20 against, 31 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Paragraph 23 — part 2 383 for, 184 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Paragraph 23 — part 1 458 for, 78 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Amendment 7 to paragraph 22 160 for, 387 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Paragraph 21 — part 2 405 for, 163 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Paragraph 21 — part 1 446 for, 37 against, 94 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Paragraph 13 — part 2 403 for, 168 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Paragraph 13 — part 1 487 for, 56 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Amendment 6 to paragraph 9 158 for, 389 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Separate vote on paragraph 7 462 for, 68 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 1 160 for, 404 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system Amendment 4 to paragraph 1 170 for, 396 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Final votePassed 457 for, 17 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 278 to recital 24 326 for, 232 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 279 to Article 27, after paragraph 1 338 for, 219 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 293 to Article 26, paragraph 2 — part 2 215 for, 322 against, 38 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 293 to Article 26, paragraph 2 — part 1 136 for, 394 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 306 to Article 21, paragraph 4, subparagraph 2 448 for, 97 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 292 to Article 17, paragraph 4, subparagraph 1 165 for, 272 against, 144 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 313 to Article 17, after paragraph 1 — part 2 337 for, 217 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 313 to Article 17, after paragraph 1 — part 1 349 for, 214 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 289 to Article 12, paragraph 3, after subparagraph 1 287 for, 239 against, 50 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 288 to Article 8, paragraph 2 240 for, 216 against, 125 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 286 to Article 4, after paragraph 1 177 for, 375 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 304 to Article 4, paragraph 1, indent 1 389 for, 129 against, 47 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 303 to Article 3, paragraph 1, point 5 474 for, 54 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 284 to Article 2, after paragraph 2 301 for, 255 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 283 to Article 2, after paragraph 2 170 for, 386 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendments 282 + 311 (voted as one) to Article 1, paragraph 1, point b 335 for, 240 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 281 to Article 1, paragraph 1, point a 158 for, 390 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 264 392 for, 169 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 251 263 for, 275 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 55 — part 2 385 for, 146 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability Amendment 24 — part 2 419 for, 97 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in Mali Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 511 for, 14 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in Mali Amendment 3 to recital G 305 for, 223 against, 18 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in Mali Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 8 — part 2 93 for, 439 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in Mali Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 8 — part 1 100 for, 440 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in Mali Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 7 275 for, 262 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in Mali Separate vote on paragraph 6 501 for, 8 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in Mali Amendment 4 to paragraph 6 146 for, 381 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Case of Ahmadreza Djalali in Iran Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 486 for, 8 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Case of Ahmadreza Djalali in Iran paragraphs, recitals — Ams 2-9 11-13 146 for, 352 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Case of Ahmadreza Djalali in Iran Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 5 168 for, 312 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
19 Jun 2025Case of Ahmadreza Djalali in Iran Paragraph 6 — part 2 411 for, 51 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
19 Jun 2025Case of Ahmadreza Djalali in Iran Amendment 1 to paragraph 4 248 for, 195 against, 37 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 10 of 81 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 20242321
18 Jul 202411
16 Sept 202420
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 20249291
7 Oct 202422
8 Oct 202411
9 Oct 20241818
10 Oct 202444
21 Oct 202422
22 Oct 2024109
23 Oct 2024129126
24 Oct 20241313
13 Nov 202422
14 Nov 20243635
25 Nov 202422
26 Nov 20241818
27 Nov 20241111
28 Nov 20245756
17 Dec 2024130
18 Dec 20243330
19 Dec 20244545
20 Jan 202522
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202522
23 Jan 20254540
10 Feb 202511
11 Feb 20253232
12 Feb 20251010
13 Feb 20253027
10 Mar 202520
11 Mar 202598
12 Mar 2025228220
13 Mar 20252424
31 Mar 202533
1 Apr 20253534
2 Apr 2025251237
3 Apr 20256256
5 May 202555
6 May 20251010
7 May 2025220217
8 May 2025103101
21 May 202520
22 May 20255353
16 Jun 202522
17 Jun 20254141
18 Jun 20259189
19 Jun 20258783
7 Jul 202511
8 Jul 20255554
9 Jul 2025134131
10 Jul 2025361
8 Sept 202510
9 Sept 2025101101
10 Sept 20253434
11 Sept 20256967
6 Oct 202520
7 Oct 202555
8 Oct 20255550
9 Oct 20256563
20 Oct 202532
21 Oct 20251313
22 Oct 2025186185
23 Oct 20255555
13 Nov 20252670
24 Nov 202533
25 Nov 20257573
26 Nov 202510099
27 Nov 2025125123
15 Dec 202540
16 Dec 20256666
17 Dec 20254333
18 Dec 20254242
20 Jan 20266765
21 Jan 202611286
22 Jan 20265858
9 Feb 202620
10 Feb 20263838
11 Feb 2026130
12 Feb 2026141136
24 Feb 20264340

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Manfred WEBER EPPGermany99 % of 2 419 shared89 %
Stefan KÖHLER EPPGermany98 % of 2 942 shared89 %
Axel VOSS EPPGermany98 % of 2 895 shared89 %
Oliver SCHENK EPPGermany98 % of 3 340 shared89 %
Alexandra MEHNERT EPPGermany98 % of 2 881 shared89 %
Christine SCHNEIDER Former memberEPPGermany98 % of 2 624 shared89 %
Marion WALSMANN EPPGermany98 % of 3 285 shared89 %
Ralf SEEKATZ EPPGermany98 % of 3 042 shared89 %
Norbert LINS EPPGermany98 % of 3 294 shared89 %
Verena MERTENS EPPGermany98 % of 2 863 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia90 % of 3 302 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany88 % of 2 268 shared82 %
Moritz KÖRNER RenewGermany88 % of 3 324 shared82 %
Marie-Agnes STRACK-ZIMMERMANN RenewGermany88 % of 2 630 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands88 % of 2 747 shared82 %
Elsi KATAINEN RenewFinland88 % of 3 308 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania88 % of 3 158 shared82 %
Jan-Christoph OETJEN RenewGermany88 % of 3 384 shared82 %
Svenja HAHN RenewGermany88 % of 3 029 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium88 % of 3 247 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Dossiers

No rapporteur, shadow or negotiator role recorded this term.

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

8 contributions recorded; 2 on behalf of their group; 14 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
10 Sept 2025State of the Union (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
9 Jul 2025EU-US trade negotiations (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Jul 2025EU-US trade negotiations (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
11 Mar 2025European Council meetings and European security (joint debate) Speech · 2 minRead
12 Feb 2025Collaboration between conservatives and far right as a threat for competitiveness in the EU (topical debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 3 minRead
27 Nov 2024Presentation by the President-elect of the Commission of the College of Commissioners and its programme (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
13 Nov 2024EU-US relations in light of the outcome of the US presidential elections (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Oct 2024One year after the 7 October terrorist attacks by Hamas (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead

Show all 8 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 17

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
10 Feb 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for Ukraine B-10-2026-0146Motion for a resolutionwith 29 co-authors—
25 Nov 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for Ukraine B-10-2025-0546Motion for a resolutionwith 30 co-authors—
19 Nov 2025Potential inclusion of Pernambuco in Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Appendix I and safeguarding European cultural heritage E-10-2025-004606Written questionwith 13 co-authors21 Jan 2026
19 Nov 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on protection of EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and materials B-10-2025-0500Motion for a resolutionwith 71 co-authors—
15 Oct 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the situation in Belarus, five years after the fraudulent presidential elections B-10-2025-0454Motion for a resolutionwith 24 co-authors—
3 Sept 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian hybrid threats and malign interference B-10-2025-0355Motion for a resolutionwith 28 co-authors—
30 Jul 2025Updated guidelines on MiFID II requirements – client complaints about financial instrument questionnaires in securities business E-10-2025-003135Written question24 Sept 2025
7 Mar 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggression B-10-2025-0161Motion for a resolutionwith 33 co-authors—
7 Mar 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in Syria B-10-2025-0160Motion for a resolutionwith 16 co-authors—
10 Feb 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the further deterioration of the political situation in Georgia B-10-2025-0108Motion for a resolutionwith 19 co-authors—

Show all 17 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 17

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
19 Dec 2025Establishment of the digital euro ECON-AM-781500 ECON35
19 Dec 2025Establishment of the digital euro ECON-AM-781501 ECON9
19 Dec 2025Establishment of the digital euro ECON-AM-781235 ECON10
19 Dec 2025Establishment of the digital euro ECON-AM-781499 ECON19
5 Dec 2025Addressing the negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel market INTA-AM-781298 INTA12
23 Jul 2025Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1938 CJ49-AM-775764 CJ493
23 Jul 2025Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1938 CJ49-AM-775766 CJ499
9 Jul 2025Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements JURI-AM-775460 JURI4
8 Jul 2025Amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements JURI-AM-775459 JURI16
4 Jul 2025Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements JURI-AM-775457 JURI12
4 Jul 2025Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements JURI-AM-775458 JURI11
11 Apr 2025Public procurement IMCO-AM-772204 IMCO16
11 Apr 2025Public procurement IMCO-AM-772147 IMCO14
11 Apr 2025Public procurement IMCO-AM-772205 IMCO5
24 Feb 2025Guidelines for the 2026 Budget - Section III BUDG-AM-770044 BUDG2
4 Feb 2025on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the screening of foreign investments in the Union and repealing Regulation (EU) 2019/452 of the European Parliament and of the Council INTA-AM-768131 INTA44
4 Feb 2025on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the screening of foreign investments in the Union and repealing Regulation (EU) 2019/452 of the European Parliament and of the Council INTA-AM-768105 INTA62

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28219?amendments=all&page=42&vscope=all
Official source
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
1 October 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Daniel CASPARY”. Member record. memberId 28219. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28219?amendments=all&page=42&vscope=all (retrieved 1 October 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/28219. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/28219?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-member-28219,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Daniel CASPARY}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28219?amendments=all&page=42&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/28219?amendments=all&page=42&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-10-01},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 28219. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/28219. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 7669c786bb14 (1 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}