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Member

Arkadiusz MULARCZYK

ECR · Poland

Group
ECR
Country
Poland
Roll-call participation
97.3 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
88.8 %ⓘ of 599 votes where the group had a line · ECR median 87.7 %
More facts (5)
National party
PiS Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
14 of 499 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, JURI (substitute)
Member id
257060
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

97.3 %

603 of 620 final votes while in office

ECR median: 91.9 % (+5.3 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

88.8 %

532 of 599 votes where their group had a line

ECR median: 87.7 % (+1.1 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.8 %

14 of 499 votes where their group had a clear line

7 opposite (for ↔ against), 6 abstained against the line, 1 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

12.9 %

78 of 603 votes cast

Participation 97.3 % — ECR median 91.9 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Arkadiusz MULARCZYK97.3 %
ECR median91.9 %
Lowest in the group51.0 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members79
With majority line 88.8 % — ECR median 87.7 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Arkadiusz MULARCZYK88.8 %
ECR median87.7 %
Lowest in the group46.1 %
Highest in the group94.6 %
Members79
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of ECR; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Paragraph 29 — part 1 433 for, 143 against, 77 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 19 to paragraph 29 173 for, 437 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Paragraph 27 — part 4 417 for, 192 against, 43 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Paragraph 27 — part 3 424 for, 162 against, 71 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Paragraph 27 — part 1 607 for, 11 against, 25 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 56, adding text after paragraph 26 123 for, 515 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 55, adding text after paragraph 26 172 for, 452 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 54, adding text after paragraph 25 190 for, 450 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Paragraph 24 — part 2 444 for, 152 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Paragraph 24 — part 1 528 for, 92 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 23 113 for, 549 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 21 108 for, 509 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Separate vote on paragraph 21 462 for, 133 against, 56 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 11 to paragraph 20 573 for, 46 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Paragraph 18 — part 4 440 for, 167 against, 40 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Paragraph 18 — part 3 456 for, 104 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Separate vote on paragraph 17 441 for, 119 against, 95 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Separate vote on paragraph 14 435 for, 162 against, 54 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Separate vote on paragraph 13 433 for, 101 against, 114 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 53, adding text after paragraph 3 128 for, 514 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 3 105 for, 493 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU-Morocco Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation setting out the terms and conditions for the participation of Morocco in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA): amendment and supplement Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 573 for, 35 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Morocco Euro-Mediterranean Aviation Agreement: accession to the EU of Croatia (Protocol) Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 625 for, 16 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Interim Agreement on Trade Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 474 for, 131 against, 60 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 388 for, 161 against, 120 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 2026Protection of the environment through criminal law Final vote on the draft Council decisionConsent given 499 for, 99 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 17, adding text after recital M 129 for, 529 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 16, adding text after recital J 118 for, 538 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Separate vote on recital G 434 for, 216 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Separate vote on recital F 457 for, 138 against, 66 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 6 to recital E 185 for, 477 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 5, adding text after recital A 103 for, 461 against, 93 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 39 to paragraph 59 185 for, 417 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 38 to paragraph 56 131 for, 518 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 37 to paragraph 54 123 for, 536 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 36, adding text after paragraph 52 233 for, 386 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 15 to paragraph 51 188 for, 470 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 3 to paragraph 51 121 for, 533 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 35, adding text after paragraph 50 94 for, 559 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 34 to paragraph 50 110 for, 549 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 33 to paragraph 49 114 for, 539 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 32 to paragraph 48 131 for, 520 against, 12 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 31, adding text after paragraph 45 118 for, 518 against, 23 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 1 to paragraph 45 117 for, 536 against, 13 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 30 to paragraph 45 119 for, 503 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 29 to paragraph 44 148 for, 500 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 28 to paragraph 41 127 for, 484 against, 52 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 27 to paragraph 40 43 for, 513 against, 108 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 26 to paragraph 38 100 for, 551 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 37 107 for, 538 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 1 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ECR

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Piotr MÜLLER ECRPoland99 % of 4 909 shared81 %
Małgorzata GOSIEWSKA ECRPoland97 % of 5 182 shared81 %
Kosma ZŁOTOWSKI ECRPoland97 % of 5 646 shared81 %
Marlena MALĄG ECRPoland97 % of 5 563 shared81 %
Anna ZALEWSKA ECRPoland97 % of 5 625 shared81 %
Dominik TARCZYŃSKI ECRPoland97 % of 3 621 shared81 %
Bogdan RZOŃCA ECRPoland97 % of 5 661 shared81 %
Daniel OBAJTEK ECRPoland96 % of 4 713 shared81 %
Maciej WĄSIK ECRPoland96 % of 5 491 shared81 %
Jacek OZDOBA ECRPoland96 % of 5 144 shared81 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ PatriotsPortugal74 % of 5 443 shared68 %
Juan Carlos GIRAUTA VIDAL PatriotsSpain74 % of 5 065 shared68 %
Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA PatriotsSpain74 % of 5 418 shared68 %
Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN PatriotsSpain74 % of 5 658 shared68 %
Mireia BORRÁS PABÓN PatriotsSpain74 % of 5 314 shared68 %
Ondřej KOVAŘÍK Former memberPatriotsCzechia73 % of 1 167 shared68 %
Hermann TERTSCH PatriotsSpain73 % of 4 271 shared68 %
Nikola BARTŮŠEK changed group ECRCzechia73 % of 4 710 shared62 %
Jorge MARTÍN FRÍAS PatriotsSpain73 % of 4 353 shared68 %
Anna BRYŁKA changed group PatriotsPoland73 % of 5 206 shared67 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Legal AffairsJURI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Subcommittee on Human RightsDROI SubcommitteeVice-chair26 Jun 2025now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblySubstitute3 Dec 2025now
Delegation to the Africa-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDAFR Parliamentary assemblySubstitute3 Dec 2025now
Delegation for relations with the NATO Parliamentary AssemblyDNAT Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Subcommittee on Human RightsDROI SubcommitteeMember19 Jul 202425 Jun 2025

Show all 8 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Human Rights and Democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2026Shadow rapporteurDROI2 Sept 2026
Shaping the EU's external action to address the human rights challenges posed by artificial intelligenceShadow rapporteurAFET6 Jul 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDROI29 Jun 2026
91th EU-US IPM/TLD in Nicosia, 19-20 June 2026Official delegationD-US27 May 2026
DNAT - Vilnius 29 May-1June 2026Official delegationDNAT5 May 2026
12-14 May 2026 in EswatiniOfficial delegationDAFR27 Apr 2026
Towards an EU strategy to protect and strengthen the international justice system and its institutions, mechanisms and partnersShadow rapporteurAFET15 Apr 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationDROI10 Mar 2026
1st Session of the Africa-EU Parliamentary Assembly (Abidjan, Ivory Coast)Official delegationDAFR10 Mar 2026
The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report – annual report 2025Shadow rapporteur for an opinionAFET27 Jan 2026

Show all 23 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

75 contributions recorded, 1 written statement; 12 on behalf of their group; 90 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
17 Sept 2026Protecting people’s health against toxic substances (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure (A10-0212/2026 - Rasa Juknevičienė) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Post-electoral repression in Zambia and the killing of Mutotwe Kafwaya Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong following the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Urgent need for EU support to Ukraine against Russia’s escalation of its war of aggression (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Urgent need for EU support to Ukraine against Russia’s escalation of its war of aggression (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Urgent need for EU support to Ukraine against Russia’s escalation of its war of aggression (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026State of the Union (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 129

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
15 Sept 2026Problem of assessment in connection with official control of honey quality in the EU E-10-2026-003664Written questionNot yet answered
15 Sept 2026Compliance of the differential compensation of Polish forced labourers under the EVZ Foundation with the principle of equal treatment (follow-up to E-002073/2026) P-10-2026-003665Priority written questionNot yet answered
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on post-electoral repression in Zambia and the killing of Mutotwe Kafwaya B-10-2026-0420Motion for a resolutionwith 19 co-authors—
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Cuba, the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0419Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong-Kong, amid the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung B-10-2026-0407Motion for a resolutionwith 23 co-authors—
4 Sept 2026European register of looted cultural goods  E-10-2026-003505Written questionNot yet answered
2 Sept 2026Conditionality of EU aid to Africa and respect for freedom of religion E-10-2026-003461Written questionNot yet answered
2 Sept 2026Equal protection of freedom of religion in the EU and conscientious objection in the workplace E-10-2026-003463Written questionNot yet answered
29 Aug 2026Accelerating the establishment of a system for compensation and for holding Russia accountable for its aggression against Ukraine E-10-2026-003368Written questionNot yet answered
29 Aug 2026Strengthening the protection of freedom of religion or belief in the EU’s external policy E-10-2026-003367Written questionNot yet answered

Show all 129 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 12

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
10 Jul 2026Towards an EU strategy to protect and strengthen the international justice system and its institutions, mechanisms and partners AFET-AM-790940 AFET23
12 Mar 20262025 Commission report on Türkiye AFET-AM-785351 AFET4
12 Mar 20262025 Commission report on Türkiye AFET-AM-785350 AFET6
24 Nov 2025Recommendation for the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on EU-China political relations AFET-AM-779788 AFET6
12 Nov 2025Recommendation to the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy concerning an enhanced EU-Canada cooperation in the light of the current geopolitical context, including the threats to Canada’s economic stability and sovereignty AFET-AM-779608 AFET6
8 Oct 2025Human Rights and Democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2025 AFET-AM-778262 AFET32
10 Sept 2025Relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia AFET-AM-776795 AFET4
3 Sept 2025EU-US political relations AFET-AM-776839 AFET9
11 Mar 20252023 and 2024 Commission reports on Serbia AFET-AM-770161 AFET5
6 Nov 2024Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 AFET-AM-765278 AFET9

Show all 12 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Poland National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Arkadiusz MULARCZYK”. Member record. memberId 257060. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257060?page=11&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 26 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257060. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/257060?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-257060,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Arkadiusz MULARCZYK}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257060?page=11&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257060?page=11&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 257060. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257060. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}