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Member

Emma RAFOWICZ

S&D · France

Group
S&D
Country
France
Roll-call participation
65.6 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
93.1 %ⓘ of 407 votes where the group had a line · S&D median 97.1 %
More facts (5)
National party
PS Parti socialiste
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
26 of 404 votesⓘ
Committees
CULT (vice-chair), FEMM, LIBE (substitute)
Member id
256902
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

65.6 %

407 of 620 final votes while in office

S&D median: 89.5 % (−23.9 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

93.1 %

379 of 407 votes where their group had a line

S&D median: 97.1 % (−4.0 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

6.4 %

26 of 404 votes where their group had a clear line

14 opposite (for ↔ against), 11 abstained against the line, 1 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

3.4 %

14 of 407 votes cast

Participation 65.6 % — S&D median 89.5 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Emma RAFOWICZ65.6 %
S&D median89.5 %
Lowest in the group48.1 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
With majority line 93.1 % — S&D median 97.1 %, 137 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 137 members of the S&D with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Emma RAFOWICZ93.1 %
S&D median97.1 %
Lowest in the group86.7 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members137
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of S&D; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
23 Oct 2025Dates of application and transitional provisions for chemical products Proposal to reject the text 93 for, 431 against, 7 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Situation in Belarus, five years after the fraudulent presidential elections Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 458 for, 18 against, 84 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Situation in Belarus, five years after the fraudulent presidential elections Recital Q — part 2 476 for, 42 against, 65 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Situation in Belarus, five years after the fraudulent presidential elections Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 12 183 for, 402 against, 16 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Situation in Belarus, five years after the fraudulent presidential elections Paragraph 9 — part 2 450 for, 153 against, 14 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Polarisation and increased repression in Serbia, one year after the Novi Sad tragedy Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 457 for, 103 against, 72 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Polarisation and increased repression in Serbia, one year after the Novi Sad tragedy Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 18 111 for, 213 against, 311 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
22 Oct 2025Polarisation and increased repression in Serbia, one year after the Novi Sad tragedy Amendment 10 to paragraph 12 548 for, 14 against, 57 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Polarisation and increased repression in Serbia, one year after the Novi Sad tragedy Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 2 312 for, 281 against, 43 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 310 for, 277 against, 53 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Separate vote on recital D 464 for, 136 against, 42 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 24 257 for, 358 against, 8 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 23 263 for, 349 against, 12 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Separate vote on paragraph 12 334 for, 286 against, 21 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Separate vote on paragraph 10 381 for, 236 against, 25 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Paragraph 4 — part 6 462 for, 162 against, 18 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Paragraph 4 — part 5 344 for, 227 against, 45 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Paragraph 4 — part 4 326 for, 272 against, 29 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Paragraph 4 — part 3 321 for, 270 against, 47 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Paragraph 4 — part 2 411 for, 169 against, 63 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations Paragraph 4 — part 1 485 for, 152 against, 5 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: Agencies Final vote — text as a wholeDischarge decision adopted 476 for, 99 against, 72 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: Agencies Amendment 1 to recital A 180 for, 449 against, 8 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: Agencies Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 15 182 for, 437 against, 20 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: Agencies Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 10 191 for, 441 against, 5 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: Agencies Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 6 198 for, 429 against, 5 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Council and Council Final vote — text as a wholeDischarge decision adopted 441 for, 125 against, 73 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Council and Council Paragraph 17 — part 2 445 for, 178 against, 17 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Council and Council Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 16 — part 2 334 for, 285 against, 15 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Council and Council Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 16 — part 1 459 for, 161 against, 28 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Council and Council Amendment 1 to paragraph 16 461 for, 173 against, 16 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Final vote — text as a wholeResolution adopted 384 for, 202 against, 58 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Council and Council Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 15 181 for, 451 against, 15 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 155, adding text after paragraph 86 119 for, 471 against, 56 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 160, adding text after paragraph 84 188 for, 451 against, 15 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 168, adding text after paragraph 82 71 for, 542 against, 33 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 159, adding text after paragraph 82 84 for, 483 against, 76 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 169, adding text after paragraph 82 72 for, 527 against, 47 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 82 282 for, 317 against, 39 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 158, adding text after paragraph 81 141 for, 445 against, 67 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 157, adding text after paragraph 79 182 for, 412 against, 59 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 173, adding text after paragraph 79 284 for, 314 against, 52 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 172, adding text after paragraph 79 254 for, 331 against, 72 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 178 to paragraph 79, after point l 249 for, 275 against, 127 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 177 to paragraph 79, after point l 285 for, 306 against, 52 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 151 to paragraph 79, after point l 169 for, 443 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 26 to paragraph 79, after point j 321 for, 240 against, 84 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 150 to paragraph 79, after point g 161 for, 448 against, 48 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 147 to paragraph 78 171 for, 462 against, 13 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
22 Oct 2025General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections Amendment 154, adding text after paragraph 77 131 for, 456 against, 56 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 20 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within S&D

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Raphaël GLUCKSMANN S&DFrance99 % of 3 881 shared93 %
Christophe CLERGEAU S&DFrance99 % of 3 523 shared93 %
Murielle LAURENT S&DFrance99 % of 3 923 shared93 %
Eric SARGIACOMO S&DFrance99 % of 3 993 shared93 %
Aurore LALUCQ S&DFrance99 % of 3 457 shared93 %
Thomas PELLERIN-CARLIN S&DFrance99 % of 4 113 shared93 %
Pierre JOUVET S&DFrance99 % of 3 790 shared93 %
Nora MEBAREK S&DFrance98 % of 3 843 shared93 %
Claire FITA S&DFrance98 % of 3 368 shared93 %
Chloé RIDEL S&DFrance98 % of 2 866 shared93 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Terry REINTKE GreensGermany88 % of 3 793 shared83 %
Jana TOOM RenewEstonia88 % of 3 541 shared86 %
Catarina VIEIRA GreensNetherlands88 % of 4 073 shared83 %
Kim VAN SPARRENTAK GreensNetherlands88 % of 3 797 shared83 %
Nicolae ȘTEFĂNUȚĂ GreensRomania87 % of 2 622 shared83 %
Maria OHISALO GreensFinland87 % of 3 582 shared83 %
Vladimir PREBILIČ GreensSlovenia87 % of 3 682 shared83 %
Martin HÄUSLING GreensGermany87 % of 4 042 shared83 %
Tineke STRIK GreensNetherlands87 % of 3 976 shared83 %
Kai TEGETHOFF GreensGermany87 % of 3 626 shared83 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Culture and EducationCULT CommitteeVice-chair23 Jul 2024now
Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender EqualityFEMM CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation to the EU-UK Parliamentary Partnership AssemblyD-UK Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with IndiaD-IN DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-CorruptionIG10-01 Intergroup / working groupMember16 Jan 2025now
Intergroup on Children’s RightsIG10-06 Intergroup / working groupMember19 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on LGBTIQ+IG10-16 Intergroup / working groupMember22 Sept 2025now
Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas (SEARICA)IG10-20 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Sky and SpaceIG10-21 Intergroup / working groupMember27 Feb 2025now

Show all 11 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Chemical submission: addressing its consequences on women's rights and safety in the EURapporteurFEMM16 Sept 2026
Amending Regulations (EU) 2024/1689 and (EU) 2018/1139 as regards the simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)Opinion rapporteurCULT3 Mar 2026
Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818RapporteurCULT27 Oct 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationLIBE24 Sept 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationFEMM2 Sept 2025
Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gapShadow rapporteurFEMM24 Feb 2025
No dossier namedShadow rapporteur for an opinionFEMM24 Feb 2025
Standing Rapporteur for Creative Europe programme (MFF 2028–2034)RapporteurCULT5 Feb 2025
Mission culturelle à Badischl en Autriche de la commission CULT. Date du 28 au 30 octobre 2024Official delegation25 Oct 2024
No dossier namedCommittee vice-chairCULT22 Jul 2024

Show all 10 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

16 contributions recorded; 2 on behalf of their group; 23 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
15 Jun 2026Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gap (debate) on behalf of S&DSpeech · 2 minRead
27 Apr 2026Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
12 Feb 2026Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
12 Feb 2026Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
21 Jan 2026Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in Lithuania (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
21 Jan 2026Presentation of the Digital Networks Act (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 Jan 2026Tackling AI deepfakes and sexual exploitation on social media by making full use of the EU’s digital rules (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Dec 2025The urgent need to combat discrimination in the EU through the horizontal anti-discrimination directive (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Dec 2025European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 16 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 46

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
13 Sept 2026Repeated ban on Oradea Pride and compliance with fundamental rights in the use of EU funds E-10-2026-003648Written questionwith 17 co-authorsNot yet answered
8 Sept 2026Chatbots directing women with unwanted pregnancies to anti-abortion websites E-10-2026-003539Written questionwith 67 co-authorsNot yet answered
2 Sept 2026Protecting workers from extreme heatwaves E-10-2026-003456Written questionwith 8 co-authorsNot yet answered
20 Jul 2026EU-funded Latvian sexuality-education project – non-discrimination compliance and risk of further replication E-10-2026-003056Written questionwith 5 co-authorsNot yet answered
15 Jul 2026Update by the Commission of its guidelines on tackling online disinformation during electoral processes E-10-2026-002950Written questionwith 31 co-authors11 Sept 2026
14 Jul 2026Preserving EU capacities to produce paper pulp and cellulose fibres – state of affairs at Fibre Excellence P-10-2026-002901Priority written questionwith 12 co-authors12 Aug 2026
8 Jul 2026European funds allocated to fighting period poverty E-10-2026-002822Written questionwith 36 co-authorsNot yet answered
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
30 Jun 2026Follow-up to question for written answer E-001083/2025 on menstrual products: transparency and health risks E-10-2026-002698Written questionwith 43 co-authors18 Sept 2026
17 Jun 2026Dynamic pricing for major sporting and cultural events E-10-2026-002518Written questionwith 35 co-authors15 Sept 2026

Show all 46 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 67

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
16 Jul 2026Digital networks, amending Regulation (EU) 2015/2120, Directive 2002/58/EC and Decision No 676/2002/EC and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1971, Directive (EU) 2018/1972 and Decision No 243/2012/EU (Digital Networks Act) IMCO-AM-791044 IMCO1
16 Jul 2026Digital networks, amending Regulation (EU) 2015/2120, Directive 2002/58/EC and Decision No 676/2002/EC and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1971, Directive (EU) 2018/1972 and Decision No 243/2012/EU (Digital Networks Act) IMCO-AM-791043 IMCO2
16 Jul 2026Digital networks, amending Regulation (EU) 2015/2120, Directive 2002/58/EC and Decision No 676/2002/EC and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1971, Directive (EU) 2018/1972 and Decision No 243/2012/EU (Digital Networks Act) IMCO-AM-791040 IMCO2
16 Jul 2026Digital networks, amending Regulation (EU) 2015/2120, Directive 2002/58/EC and Decision No 676/2002/EC and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1971, Directive (EU) 2018/1972 and Decision No 243/2012/EU (Digital Networks Act) IMCO-AM-791041 IMCO3
1 Jul 2026Digital networks, amending Regulation (EU) 2015/2120, Directive 2002/58/EC and Decision No 676/2002/EC and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1971, Directive (EU) 2018/1972 and Decision No 243/2012/EU (Digital Networks Act) LIBE-AM-790741 LIBE26
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790057 CJ657
19 Jun 2026on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the ‘AgoraEU’ programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790063 CJ653
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790062 CJ659
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790058 CJ657
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790059 CJ658

Show all 67 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation France National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
2 October 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Emma RAFOWICZ”. Member record. memberId 256902. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256902?page=67&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 2 October 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256902. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256902?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-256902,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Emma RAFOWICZ}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256902?page=67&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256902?page=67&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-10-02},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256902. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256902. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 343d33dd3e67 (2 Oct 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}