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Member

Petras GRAŽULIS

ESN · Lithuania

Group
ESN
Country
Lithuania
Roll-call participation
84.8 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
64.4 %ⓘ of 525 votes where the group had a line · ESN median 93.9 %
More facts (5)
National party
TTS Tautos ir teisingumo sąjunga
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
175 of 503 votesⓘ
Committees
ITRE (substitute), PETI
Member id
256808
More
Cite this page EP profile (opens the official site)
Link to this page

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Period Whole term2024 (from July)20252026
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928

Roll-call participation ⓘ

84.8 %

526 of 620 final votes while in office

ESN median: 90.8 % (−6.0 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

64.4 %

338 of 525 votes where their group had a line

ESN median: 93.9 % (−29.5 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

34.8 %

175 of 503 votes where their group had a clear line

51 opposite (for ↔ against), 100 abstained against the line, 24 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

28.7 %

151 of 526 votes cast

Participation 84.8 % — ESN median 90.8 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Petras GRAŽULIS84.8 %
ESN median90.8 %
Lowest in the group65.8 %
Highest in the group97.7 %
Members27
With majority line 64.4 % — ESN median 93.9 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Petras GRAŽULIS64.4 %
ESN median93.9 %
Lowest in the group64.4 %
Highest in the group99.3 %
Members27
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of ESN; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Show Final votesAll roll calls
Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendments 89 + 105 + 108 (voted as one) to Article 1 371 for, 260 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 126 to Article 1 173 for, 477 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 70 to Article 1, paragraph 1, point 17; Regulation (EU) 2023/956 362 for, 272 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 120 to Article 1, paragraph 1, after point 2; Regulation (EU) 2023/956 181 for, 462 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 103 to Article 1 182 for, 441 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 87 to Article 1 174 for, 465 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 7 — part 4 451 for, 197 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 7 — part 2 450 for, 196 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Amendment 7 — part 1 636 for, 10 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
14 Sept 2026Monday’s agenda – Request by The Left Group – ECB Monday’s agenda — Request by The Left Group — ECB 154 for, 216 against, 85 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Joint communication on humanitarian aid Amendment 15 to recital K 208 for, 347 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Joint communication on humanitarian aid Amendment 13 to recital D 238 for, 251 against, 88 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Joint communication on humanitarian aid Amendment 6 to paragraph 7 283 for, 216 against, 83 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Joint communication on humanitarian aid Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 4 279 for, 259 against, 54 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Joint communication on humanitarian aid Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 1 255 for, 315 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 366 for, 192 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Amendment 4, adding text after recital D 480 for, 77 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Amendment 3 to recital B 310 for, 261 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Amendment 6 to paragraph 7 334 for, 231 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Amendment 5 to paragraph 6 312 for, 248 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 301 for, 281 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 510 for, 1 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 1 to recital E 176 for, 412 against, 3 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 5 to recital E 195 for, 391 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 4 to recital C — part 2 133 for, 422 against, 40 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 4 to recital C — part 1 207 for, 379 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 6 to paragraph 7 — part 2 148 for, 414 against, 35 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 6 to paragraph 7 — part 1 194 for, 392 against, 9 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 476 for, 28 against, 96 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 — part 2 190 for, 402 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 — part 1 177 for, 412 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 1, adding text after recital D 188 for, 330 against, 84 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 7 — part 2 281 for, 285 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 7 — part 1 580 for, 2 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 6 100 for, 404 against, 94 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 5 72 for, 482 against, 49 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 5 85 for, 445 against, 68 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 5 — part 5 543 for, 23 against, 36 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 5 — part 4 292 for, 279 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 5 — part 3 563 for, 14 against, 28 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 5 — part 2 291 for, 280 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Paragraph 5 — part 1 583 for, 1 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 4 87 for, 454 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 3 172 for, 431 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Separate vote on paragraph 4 570 for, 10 against, 20 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Separate vote on paragraph 3 532 for, 49 against, 25 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Separate vote on paragraph 2 594 for, 0 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Separate vote on paragraph 1 594 for, 4 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directive Proposal to reject the text 276 for, 286 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directive Amendment 25 to recital 32 157 for, 385 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 10 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table
Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
SittingRoll callsVoted in
17 Jul 202411
18 Sept 202422
19 Sept 202466
8 Oct 202410
9 Oct 202420
10 Oct 202410
22 Oct 202455
23 Oct 202421
24 Oct 202422
14 Nov 202455
26 Nov 202488
27 Nov 202477
28 Nov 202466
17 Dec 202466
18 Dec 202477
19 Dec 202455
21 Jan 202511
22 Jan 202511
23 Jan 202544
11 Feb 202544
12 Feb 202544
13 Feb 202522
11 Mar 202543
12 Mar 202576
13 Mar 202532
1 Apr 202577
2 Apr 202599
3 Apr 202554
6 May 202544
7 May 20252019
8 May 2025120
22 May 202566
17 Jun 202588
18 Jun 202577
19 Jun 202560
8 Jul 202588
9 Jul 20251414
10 Jul 202577
9 Sept 202566
10 Sept 20251515
11 Sept 202588
7 Oct 202540
8 Oct 20251010
9 Oct 20251010
21 Oct 202588
22 Oct 202566
23 Oct 202555
13 Nov 20251616
25 Nov 2025130
26 Nov 2025109
27 Nov 20251111
16 Dec 20251111
17 Dec 20251111
18 Dec 202566
20 Jan 202666
21 Jan 202684
22 Jan 202688
10 Feb 202688
11 Feb 20261010
12 Feb 202680
24 Feb 202611
10 Mar 202698
11 Mar 20261212
12 Mar 202665
26 Mar 20261313
28 Apr 2026149
29 Apr 20261717
30 Apr 20261111
19 May 202633
20 May 20261212
21 May 2026100
16 Jun 2026104
17 Jun 20261613
18 Jun 202670
7 Jul 20261515
8 Jul 20261515
9 Jul 202644
15 Sept 20261211
16 Sept 20261615
17 Sept 2026109

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ESN

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Roberto VANNACCI changed group ESNItaly75 % of 1 771 shared80 %
Marc JONGEN ESNGermany74 % of 4 318 shared80 %
René AUST ESNGermany72 % of 4 495 shared80 %
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany72 % of 3 499 shared80 %
Anja ARNDT ESNGermany71 % of 4 270 shared80 %
Irmhild BOSSDORF ESNGermany71 % of 4 685 shared80 %
Stanislav STOYANOV ESNBulgaria71 % of 4 553 shared80 %
Christine ANDERSON ESNGermany71 % of 4 589 shared80 %
Petar VOLGIN ESNBulgaria70 % of 4 471 shared80 %
Rada LAYKOVA ESNBulgaria70 % of 4 167 shared80 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany92 % of 203 shared49 %
Ewa ZAJĄCZKOWSKA-HERNIK changed group PatriotsPoland70 % of 1 096 shared70 %
Marion MARÉCHAL ECRFrance66 % of 4 197 shared64 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance66 % of 4 319 shared64 %
Csaba DÖMÖTÖR PatriotsHungary66 % of 4 437 shared70 %
György HÖLVÉNYI PatriotsHungary65 % of 3 117 shared70 %
András LÁSZLÓ PatriotsHungary65 % of 4 121 shared70 %
Antonín STANĚK PatriotsCzechia65 % of 2 877 shared70 %
Viktória FERENC PatriotsHungary65 % of 4 163 shared70 %
Anna BRYŁKA changed group PatriotsPoland65 % of 4 436 shared69 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on PetitionsPETI CommitteeMember22 Jan 2025now
Delegation to the EU-Albania Stabilisation and Association Parliamentary CommitteeD-AL Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with Central AsiaDCAS DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Committee on Legal AffairsJURI CommitteeMember19 Jul 202421 Jan 2025
Committee on PetitionsPETI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 202421 Jan 2025

Show all 6 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedVice-President6 Feb 2025

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

130 contributions recorded; 7 on behalf of their group; 128 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026Urgent need for EU support to Ukraine against Russia’s escalation of its war of aggression (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Urgent need for EU support to Ukraine against Russia’s escalation of its war of aggression (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026The impact of the implementation of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) on SMEs, its administrative burden and challenges for the European Single Market (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026State of the Union (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Presentation of the Fair Labour Mobility Package (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Presentation of the Fair Labour Mobility Package (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Jul 2026Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Jul 2026Evaluation of the common fisheries policy and follow-up (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
9 Jul 2026Evaluation of the common fisheries policy and follow-up (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026EU’s response and preparedness to protect people against recurring heatwaves and upcoming wildfires (debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 15

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
31 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors—
17 Jul 2026Adapting EU energy performance policies in the light of extreme heat episodes O-10-2026-000032Oral questionwith 35 co-authorsNot yet answered
3 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the quality and timeliness of the European Commission’s replies to Members’ written questions B-10-2026-0271Motion for a resolutionwith 33 co-authors—
8 Apr 2026Union Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission Framework Regulation E-10-2026-001410Written questionwith 25 co-authors18 Jun 2026
5 Mar 2026Anti-fascist movements and political violence – the real threat to democracy E-10-2026-000925Written questionwith 62 co-authors29 Apr 2026
26 Feb 2026Inclusion of the Muslim Brotherhood on the EU list of terrorist organisations O-10-2026-000009Oral questionwith 36 co-authorsNot yet answered
19 Jan 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in Lithuania B-10-2026-0076Motion for a resolutionwith 1 co-author—
8 Dec 2025Ban on the sale of nitrous oxide to the general public O-10-2025-000046Oral questionwith 42 co-authorsNot yet answered
2 Dec 2025Inquiry on politicians on university boards E-10-2025-004762Written questionwith 20 co-authors23 Mar 2026
26 Nov 2025Assessment of Antifa Ost (‘Hammerbande’) as a structured terrorist organisation E-10-2025-004707Written questionwith 20 co-authorsNot yet answered

Show all 15 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 0

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

No committee amendment by this member found this term.

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256808?page=8&scope=final&vscope=all
Official source
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version e994c83b5003 (27 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
27 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Petras GRAŽULIS”. Member record. memberId 256808. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256808?page=8&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 27 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256808. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/256808?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version e994c83b5003 (27 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-member-256808,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Petras GRAŽULIS}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256808?page=8&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/256808?page=8&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-27},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 256808. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/256808. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version e994c83b5003 (27 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}