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Member

Manuela RIPA

EPP · Germany

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
86.3 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
86.4 %ⓘ of 535 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
ÖDP Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
47 of 501 votesⓘ
Committees
CULT, ENVI (substitute), FEMM (substitute), SANT (substitute)
Member id
206158
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

86.3 %

535 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (−4.3 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

86.4 %

462 of 535 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (−9.2 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

9.4 %

47 of 501 votes where their group had a clear line

25 opposite (for ↔ against), 22 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

4.1 %

22 of 535 votes cast

Participation 86.3 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Manuela RIPA86.3 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 86.4 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Manuela RIPA86.4 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 101 — part 2 460 for, 194 against, 8 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 101 — part 1 475 for, 171 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 53 to paragraph 99 167 for, 470 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 94, adding text after paragraph 88 117 for, 489 against, 65 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 82 458 for, 163 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 52, adding text after paragraph 80 234 for, 414 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 80 209 for, 445 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 80 — part 2 466 for, 187 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 51 to paragraph 80 — part 2 209 for, 447 against, 2 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 51 to paragraph 80 — part 1 199 for, 458 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 50, adding text after paragraph 79 196 for, 461 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 49, adding text after paragraph 79 203 for, 446 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 48, adding text after paragraph 78 190 for, 460 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 47, adding text after paragraph 78 191 for, 458 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 46, adding text after paragraph 78 209 for, 450 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 82 to paragraph 65 194 for, 437 against, 28 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 45 to paragraph 61 178 for, 463 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 44, adding text after paragraph 56 148 for, 462 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 43, adding text after paragraph 56 201 for, 453 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 42, adding text after paragraph 53 197 for, 464 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 53 212 for, 439 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 50 — part 2 465 for, 136 against, 62 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 41, adding text after paragraph 48 170 for, 462 against, 35 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 40, adding text after paragraph 48 129 for, 465 against, 73 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 39, adding text after paragraph 48 195 for, 455 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 48 173 for, 457 against, 32 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 48 467 for, 185 against, 11 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 92 to paragraph 48 217 for, 427 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 47 458 for, 156 against, 47 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 44 128 for, 492 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 42 85 for, 538 against, 44 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 38, adding text after paragraph 34 192 for, 462 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 34 201 for, 446 against, 17 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 34 — part 2 440 for, 189 against, 34 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 32 168 for, 447 against, 46 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 32 — part 2 482 for, 67 against, 121 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 30 433 for, 137 against, 93 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 37, adding text after paragraph 29 162 for, 450 against, 36 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 36, adding text after paragraph 29 140 for, 493 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 35, adding text after paragraph 25 188 for, 452 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 24 111 for, 535 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 34 to paragraph 22 133 for, 481 against, 55 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 33, adding text after paragraph 20 191 for, 462 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 32, adding text after paragraph 19 188 for, 464 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 17 434 for, 235 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 15 — part 2 434 for, 195 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 65, adding text after paragraph 13 154 for, 474 against, 41 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Amendment 31, adding text after paragraph 12 197 for, 462 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Separate vote on paragraph 12 404 for, 217 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Paragraph 9 — part 2 413 for, 237 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 10 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN EPPFinland86 % of 4 456 shared89 %
Isabel WISELER-LIMA EPPLuxembourg85 % of 4 989 shared89 %
Sandra KALNIETE EPPLatvia84 % of 4 877 shared89 %
Martine KEMP EPPLuxembourg84 % of 4 191 shared89 %
Liesbet SOMMEN EPPBelgium84 % of 5 066 shared89 %
Aura SALLA EPPFinland84 % of 4 473 shared89 %
Rasa JUKNEVIČIENĖ EPPLithuania84 % of 4 214 shared89 %
Willemien KONING EPPNetherlands84 % of 1 898 shared89 %
Niels GEUKING EPPGermany84 % of 5 158 shared89 %
Wouter BEKE EPPBelgium84 % of 5 028 shared89 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Martin HOJSÍK RenewSlovakia87 % of 4 800 shared82 %
Veronika CIFROVÁ OSTRIHOŇOVÁ RenewSlovakia87 % of 4 081 shared82 %
Ľudovít ÓDOR RenewSlovakia87 % of 4 892 shared82 %
Lucia YAR RenewSlovakia87 % of 5 156 shared82 %
Michal WIEZIK RenewSlovakia87 % of 5 023 shared82 %
Yvan VEROUGSTRAETE RenewBelgium86 % of 3 809 shared82 %
Valérie HAYER RenewFrance86 % of 5 028 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania86 % of 4 593 shared82 %
Dainius ŽALIMAS RenewLithuania86 % of 4 818 shared82 %
Ľubica KARVAŠOVÁ RenewSlovakia86 % of 3 262 shared82 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Culture and EducationCULT CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeSubstitute20 Jan 2025now
Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender EqualityFEMM CommitteeSubstitute12 Dec 2024now
Committee on Public HealthSANT CommitteeSubstitute29 Apr 2025now
Delegation to the Cariforum-EU Parliamentary CommitteeDCAR Joint parliamentary committeeSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with MercosurDMER DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Children’s RightsIG10-06 Intergroup / working groupMember19 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Fighting against PovertyIG10-12 Intergroup / working groupMember2 Jun 2026now
Intergroup on Mental HealthIG10-17 Intergroup / working groupMember5 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on the Welfare and Conservation of AnimalsIG10-27 Intergroup / working groupVice-chair8 Jan 2025now

Show all 12 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurCULT18 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationCULT8 Sept 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationENVI8 Sept 2026
Psychosocial risks, stress and mental health at workShadow rapporteur for an opinionSANT14 Apr 2026
Need for a long-term EU development cooperation strategy to face challenges in education in developing countriesShadow rapporteur for an opinionCULT14 Apr 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationENVI21 Oct 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationCULT18 Sept 2025
The EU strategic objectives for the 20th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), to be held in to be held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, from 24 November to 05 December 2025RapporteurENVI12 May 2025
No dossier namedOfficial delegationCULT8 Apr 2025
INI for a new vision for the European Universities AlliancesShadow rapporteur for an opinionCULT4 Feb 2025

Show all 13 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

19 contributions recorded; 1 on behalf of their group; 34 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 19 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 45

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026Circular Economy Act: regulatory barriers to secondary raw materials E-10-2026-003654Written questionwith 29 co-authorsNot yet answered
21 Jul 2026Implementation of the recommendations of the Commission’s Special Panel on children in the digital world E-10-2026-003064Written questionwith 13 co-authors11 Sept 2026
13 Jul 2026Risk of extinction of the Pityusan wall lizard (Podarcis pityusensis) due to the spread of invasive snakes, and the adequacy of current quarantine measures E-10-2026-002870Written questionwith 10 co-authors1 Sept 2026
30 Jun 2026Follow-up to question for written answer E-001083/2025 on menstrual products: transparency and health risks E-10-2026-002698Written questionwith 43 co-authors18 Sept 2026
29 Jun 2026Scrutiny of hunting trophy imports into the EU E-10-2026-002689Written questionwith 8 co-authors25 Aug 2026
23 Jun 2026Harmonised charging and battery systems for light means of transport (LMTs) E-10-2026-002584Written question1 Sept 2026
17 Jun 2026Recognition of obesity as a chronic disease under EU public health policy E-10-2026-002516Written questionwith 17 co-authors24 Aug 2026
9 Jun 2026Strengthening prevention, mental well-being and healthy ageing through improved hearing health E-10-2026-002380Written questionwith 15 co-authors21 Aug 2026
4 Jun 2026Revision of Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009 and phase-out of CO₂ stunning of pigs E-10-2026-002317Written questionwith 12 co-authors21 Aug 2026
12 May 2026Stakeholder involvement and evidence-based decision-making regarding the Fur Free Europe citizens’ initiative E-10-2026-001966Written questionwith 11 co-authors9 Jul 2026

Show all 45 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 31

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790938 CJ532
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790005 CJ533
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790932 CJ531
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790934 CJ534
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790935 CJ539
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790936 CJ535
13 Jul 2026Establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Union’s biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors particularly in the area of health and amending Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 1394/2007, (EU) No 536/2014, (EU) 2019/6, (EU) 2024/795 and (EU) 2024/1938 (European Biotech Act) CJ53-AM-790937 CJ531
24 Jun 2026Establishing the Union support for internal security for the period from 2028 to 2034 LIBE-AM-790119 LIBE4
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790057 CJ6521
19 Jun 2026Establishing the 'AgoraEU' programme for the period 2028-2034, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2021/692 and (EU) 2021/818 CJ65-AM-790058 CJ657

Show all 31 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Manuela RIPA”. Member record. memberId 206158. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/206158?page=6&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/206158. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/206158?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-206158,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Manuela RIPA}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/206158?page=6&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/206158?page=6&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 206158. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/206158. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}