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Member

Cristian TERHEŞ

ECR · Romania

Group
ECR
Country
Romania
Roll-call participation
83.1 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
83.9 %ⓘ of 514 votes where the group had a line · ECR median 87.7 %
More facts (5)
National party
PNCR Partidului Național Conservator Român (PNCR)
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
47 of 430 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, CONT (vice-chair), SEDE (substitute)
Member id
197655
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

83.1 %

515 of 620 final votes while in office

ECR median: 91.9 % (−8.9 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

83.9 %

431 of 514 votes where their group had a line

ECR median: 87.7 % (−3.8 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

10.9 %

47 of 430 votes where their group had a clear line

21 opposite (for ↔ against), 7 abstained against the line, 19 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

9.9 %

51 of 515 votes cast

Participation 83.1 % — ECR median 91.9 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Cristian TERHEŞ83.1 %
ECR median91.9 %
Lowest in the group51.0 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members79
With majority line 83.9 % — ECR median 87.7 %, 79 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 79 members of the ECR with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Cristian TERHEŞ83.9 %
ECR median87.7 %
Lowest in the group46.1 %
Highest in the group94.6 %
Members79
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of ECR; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Serbia Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 468 for, 116 against, 79 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Serbia Amendment 1 to paragraph 20 113 for, 514 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Moldova Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 505 for, 115 against, 45 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Moldova Amendment 7, adding text after recital B 79 for, 576 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Moldova Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 52 102 for, 537 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Moldova Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 51 99 for, 545 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Moldova Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 48 108 for, 535 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 460 for, 136 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 7, adding text after recital V 211 for, 425 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 52, adding text after recital Q 160 for, 462 against, 34 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 3 to recital N 185 for, 453 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 2, adding text after recital M — part 2 164 for, 459 against, 24 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 2, adding text after recital M — part 1 131 for, 500 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 1, adding text after recital M 185 for, 436 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 51, adding text after recital L — part 1 159 for, 452 against, 41 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 50, adding text after recital L 130 for, 484 against, 34 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 49, adding text after recital L 158 for, 459 against, 38 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 108 104 for, 470 against, 87 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Separate vote on paragraph 102 435 for, 178 against, 42 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Paragraph 101 — part 1 447 for, 130 against, 78 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Separate vote on paragraph 99 527 for, 83 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Separate vote on paragraph 83 500 for, 129 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Separate vote on paragraph 80 517 for, 106 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Separate vote on paragraph 78 498 for, 132 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 71 218 for, 421 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Separate vote on paragraph 71 422 for, 164 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 66 222 for, 397 against, 43 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 63, adding text after paragraph 65 95 for, 523 against, 38 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Paragraph 62 — part 2 456 for, 144 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 22, adding text after paragraph 61 181 for, 411 against, 51 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 21, adding text after paragraph 61 191 for, 414 against, 47 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 39, adding text after paragraph 60 166 for, 444 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 62, adding text after paragraph 52 126 for, 506 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 61, adding text after paragraph 52 143 for, 459 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Separate vote on paragraph 41 517 for, 102 against, 43 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 59, adding text after paragraph 33 127 for, 469 against, 53 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 58, adding text after paragraph 33 — part 1 167 for, 463 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 57, adding text after paragraph 33 120 for, 481 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 20 to paragraph 33 201 for, 409 against, 39 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 35, adding text after paragraph 32 — part 5 600 for, 11 against, 38 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 35, adding text after paragraph 32 — part 4 478 for, 121 against, 52 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 35, adding text after paragraph 32 — part 3 590 for, 11 against, 37 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 35, adding text after paragraph 32 — part 2 379 for, 229 against, 35 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 35, adding text after paragraph 32 — part 1 592 for, 42 against, 11 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 31 190 for, 422 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 31 194 for, 436 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 31 188 for, 438 against, 10 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 31 202 for, 432 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: For
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Amendment 33 to paragraph 30 428 for, 164 against, 65 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against
8 Jul 20262025 Commission report on Ukraine Paragraph 29 — part 2 426 for, 172 against, 58 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 21 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ECR

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Stephen Nikola BARTULICA ECRCroatia83 % of 3 997 shared81 %
Aurelijus VERYGA ECRLithuania83 % of 4 224 shared81 %
Mariusz KAMIŃSKI ECRPoland83 % of 4 641 shared81 %
Mario MANTOVANI ECRItaly83 % of 3 533 shared81 %
Marco SQUARTA ECRItaly83 % of 3 543 shared81 %
Jadwiga WIŚNIEWSKA ECRPoland82 % of 4 544 shared81 %
Adam BIELAN ECRPoland82 % of 4 461 shared81 %
Beata SZYDŁO ECRPoland82 % of 4 410 shared81 %
Joachim Stanisław BRUDZIŃSKI ECRPoland82 % of 4 411 shared81 %
Waldemar BUDA ECRPoland82 % of 3 881 shared81 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ PatriotsPortugal74 % of 4 531 shared68 %
Luis-Vicențiu LAZARUS No groupRomania73 % of 3 771 shared48 %
Juan Carlos GIRAUTA VIDAL PatriotsSpain73 % of 4 361 shared68 %
Nikola BARTŮŠEK changed group ECRCzechia73 % of 3 765 shared61 %
Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA PatriotsSpain73 % of 4 506 shared68 %
Mireia BORRÁS PABÓN PatriotsSpain72 % of 4 604 shared68 %
Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN PatriotsSpain72 % of 4 681 shared68 %
Anna BRYŁKA changed group PatriotsPoland72 % of 4 149 shared67 %
Hermann TERTSCH PatriotsSpain72 % of 3 420 shared68 %
Jorge MARTÍN FRÍAS PatriotsSpain72 % of 3 475 shared68 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Budgetary ControlCONT CommitteeVice-chair23 Jul 2024now
Committee on Security and DefenceSEDE CommitteeSubstitute26 Aug 2025now
Special Committee on the European Democracy ShieldEUDS Special committeeMember23 Jan 2025now
Delegation to the EU-Albania Stabilisation and Association Parliamentary CommitteeD-AL Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the People's Republic of ChinaD-CN DelegationSubstitute22 Sept 2025now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with South AfricaD-ZA DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the EU-Armenia Parliamentary Partnership Committee, the EU-Azerbaijan Parliamentary Cooperation Committee and the EU-Georgia Parliamentary Association CommitteeDSCA DelegationSubstitute12 Nov 2025now
Intergroup on Freedom of Religion, Belief and ConscienceIG10-13 Intergroup / working groupMember27 Jan 2025now

Show all 14 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2026Shadow rapporteurSEDE22 Jun 2026
43rd EU-China Inter-Parliamentary meeting, Beijing and Wuhan, China, 27-29 May, 2026Official delegationD-CN7 May 2026
Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructureShadow rapporteurSEDE23 Apr 2026
Amending Decision (EU) 2021/1764 on the Association of the Overseas Countries and Territories with the European Union including relations between the European Union on the one hand, and Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark on the otherShadow rapporteur for an opinionAFET17 Mar 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurAFET9 Feb 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteur for an opinionAFET22 Jan 2026
Guidelines for the 2027 Budget - Section IIIShadow rapporteur for an opinionAFET22 Jan 2026
Discharge 2024: General budget of the EU - European External Action ServiceShadow rapporteur for an opinionAFET3 Dec 2025
Discharge 2024: General budget of the EU - CommissionShadow rapporteur for an opinionAFET3 Dec 2025
Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025Shadow rapporteurSEDE11 Nov 2025

Show all 23 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

145 contributions recorded, 5 written statements; 5 on behalf of their group; 176 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
17 Sept 2026Strengthening global health resilience in partner countries (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) (A10-0273/2025 - Sven Mikser, Pierfrancesco Maran, Aura Salla) Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026State of the Union (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Market stability reserve for the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS): ceasing the invalidation of allowances (A10-0230/2026 - Pierfrancesco Maran) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures (A10-0201/2026 - Mohammed Chahim) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Escalation in the Middle East (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V) - Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V) - Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V) - Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V) - Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 29

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
22 Jun 2026VP/HR remarks on Israel P-10-2026-002573Priority written questionwith 2 co-authors5 Aug 2026
15 Jun 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland B-10-2026-0308Motion for a resolutionwith 16 co-authors—
27 Apr 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on ensuring accountability and justice in response to Russia’s continued attacks against the civilian population in Ukraine B-10-2026-0227Motion for a resolutionwith 16 co-authors—
24 Apr 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on supporting democratic resilience in Armenia B-10-2026-0200Motion for a resolutionwith 9 co-authors—
11 Mar 2026Financing EU priorities in a sustainable, predictable and resilient way through a new EU own resource from the online gambling and betting services sector O-10-2026-000014Oral questionwith 42 co-authorsNot yet answered
9 Mar 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Human trafficking and grave human rights violations linked to the recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular from Africa, for Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine B-10-2026-0175Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors—
28 Feb 2026Call for Commission investigation of Peter Mandelson in light of Epstein revelations E-10-2026-000839Written question10 Jun 2026
10 Feb 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for Ukraine B-10-2026-0145Motion for a resolutionwith 19 co-authors—
14 Jan 2026MOTION OF CENSURE ON THE COMMISSION MOTION OF CENSURE ON THE COMMISSION B-10-2026-0063Motion for a resolutionwith 109 co-authors—
15 Dec 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including those from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri B-10-2025-0590Motion for a resolutionwith 32 co-authors—

Show all 29 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 125

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
10 Sept 2026Discharge 2024: General budget of the EU - European Council and Council CONT-AM-792137 CONT6
4 Sept 2026Shaping the EU's external action to address the human rights challenges posed by artificial intelligence AFET-AM-792048 AFET17
4 Sept 2026Shaping the EU's external action to address the human rights challenges posed by artificial intelligence AFET-AM-792029 AFET10
22 Jul 2026Evaluating the successes achieved and lessons learned from EU enlargements since 2004 in the implementation of the EU budget CONT-AM-791056 CONT13
16 Jul 2026General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sections AFET-AM-791057 AFET6
2 Jul 2026From prototypes to capabilities – enabling new defence actors to scale up SEDE-AM-789957 SEDE8
15 Jun 2026A new co-ownership for the future of Euro-Mediterranean relations – the Pact for the Mediterranean AFET-AM-789979 AFET13
15 Jun 2026EU-Syria political relations AFET-AM-789951 AFET7
11 Jun 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure SEDE-AM-789927 SEDE72
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788897 ITRE1

Show all 125 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Romania National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Cristian TERHEŞ”. Member record. memberId 197655. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197655?page=10&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 26 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197655. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197655?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-197655,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Cristian TERHEŞ}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197655?page=10&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197655?page=10&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197655. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197655. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}