Skip to content

Member

Christian DOLESCHAL

EPP · Germany

Group
EPP PPE
Country
Germany
Roll-call participation
86.8 %ⓘ of 620 roll calls in office · chamber median 90.6 % · whole term, final votes
With majority line
97.2 %ⓘ of 538 votes where the group had a line · EPP median 95.6 %
More facts (5)
National party
CSU Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern e.V.
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
11 of 504 votesⓘ
Committees
IMCO (vice-chair), REGI
Member id
197473
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

86.8 %

538 of 620 final votes while in office

EPP median: 90.6 % (−3.8 pts)

Chamber median: 90.6 %

With majority line ⓘ

97.2 %

523 of 538 votes where their group had a line

EPP median: 95.6 % (+1.6 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

2.2 %

11 of 504 votes where their group had a clear line

6 opposite (for ↔ against), 5 abstained against the line

Abstention ⓘ

1.3 %

7 of 538 votes cast

Participation 86.8 % — EPP median 90.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Christian DOLESCHAL86.8 %
EPP median90.6 %
Lowest in the group18.4 %
Highest in the group99.8 %
Members192
With majority line 97.2 % — EPP median 95.6 %, 192 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 192 members of the EPP with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Christian DOLESCHAL97.2 %
EPP median95.6 %
Lowest in the group67.8 %
Highest in the group99.0 %
Members192
  • Whole term, 620 final votes; 620 of 794 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of EPP; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
17 Sept 2026Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong following the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung Adopted 459 for, 12 against, 86 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Adopted 374 for, 198 against, 19 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector Adopted 514 for, 61 against, 33 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Post-electoral repression in Zambia and the killing of Mutotwe Kafwaya Adopted 562 for, 1 against, 33 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Impact of social media and the online environment on young people Adopted 395 for, 136 against, 80 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The role of social, economic and environmental standards in safeguarding fair competition for all aquatic food products and improving food security Adopted 467 for, 92 against, 44 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Adopted 368 for, 172 against, 69 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officers Adopted 601 for, 4 against, 5 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Adopted 339 for, 225 against, 16 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Strengthening global health resilience in partner countries Adopted 319 for, 142 against, 19 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V) Passed 549 for, 92 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V) Passed 540 for, 105 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) Passed 530 for, 125 against, 12 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034 Passed 496 for, 53 against, 125 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation 2028-2034 Passed 600 for, 21 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Nuclear decommissioning assistance programme of the Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania for the period 2028-2034 Passed 625 for, 20 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Switzerland Agreement on the transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime Consent given 549 for, 75 against, 30 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-UK Agreement regarding cooperation on the application of their respective competition laws Consent given 640 for, 5 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Iceland Agreement on the participation of Iceland in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme Consent given 631 for, 7 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Norway Agreement on the participation of Norway in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme Consent given 612 for, 8 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified soybean GMB151 x DAS-44406-6 Objection passed 442 for, 184 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified soybean MON 94313 Objection passed 457 for, 184 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified maize MON 87460 Objection passed 433 for, 159 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Adopted 470 for, 129 against, 62 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026An EU cardiovascular diseases strategy Adopted 545 for, 47 against, 75 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Adopted 390 for, 218 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Passed 464 for, 50 against, 159 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation Fund Passed 433 for, 97 against, 146 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Market stability reserve for the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS): ceasing the invalidation of allowances Passed 367 for, 240 against, 59 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sectors Passed 467 for, 158 against, 41 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Implementation into Union law of measures adopted by regional fisheries management organisations Passed 559 for, 48 against, 62 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM): fishing in the GFCM Agreement area Passed 580 for, 51 against, 39 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Temporary trade-liberalisation measures applicable to Armenian products Passed 583 for, 49 against, 39 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Draft amending budget No 2/2026: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure Passed 440 for, 127 against, 104 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Adopted 420 for, 220 against, 26 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Implementation of the Council Recommendation on a Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee Adopted 530 for, 77 against, 61 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026The EU Youth Strategy 2019–2027 Adopted 477 for, 124 against, 66 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Global role of the euro Adopted 405 for, 146 against, 60 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Establishment of the digital euro Negotiating mandate approved 416 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Adopted 476 for, 28 against, 96 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Adopted 510 for, 1 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness Adopted 366 for, 192 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement Consent given 479 for, 119 against, 65 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Protection of the environment through criminal law Consent given 499 for, 99 against, 69 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Interim Agreement on Trade Consent given 474 for, 131 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Morocco Euro-Mediterranean Aviation Agreement: accession to the EU of Croatia (Protocol) Consent given 625 for, 16 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU-Morocco Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation setting out the terms and conditions for the participation of Morocco in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA): amendment and supplement Consent given 573 for, 35 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Trajectory to decrease the contribution of high indirect land-use change-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels to renewable energy targets Objection passed 388 for, 248 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Lead in certain fishing tackle Objection failed 197 for, 455 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026Genetically modified maize NK603 × T25 Objection passed 460 for, 189 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 8 of 80 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within EPP

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Christine SCHNEIDER Former memberEPPGermany98 % of 3 199 shared89 %
Axel VOSS EPPGermany98 % of 3 737 shared89 %
Oliver SCHENK EPPGermany98 % of 4 805 shared89 %
Verena MERTENS EPPGermany98 % of 4 456 shared89 %
Manfred WEBER EPPGermany98 % of 4 005 shared89 %
Alexandra MEHNERT EPPGermany98 % of 4 321 shared89 %
Ralf SEEKATZ EPPGermany98 % of 4 426 shared89 %
Marion WALSMANN EPPGermany98 % of 4 745 shared89 %
Stefan KÖHLER EPPGermany98 % of 4 411 shared89 %
Lena DÜPONT EPPGermany98 % of 4 099 shared89 %

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Urmas PAET RenewEstonia88 % of 4 526 shared82 %
Dan BARNA RenewRomania87 % of 4 340 shared82 %
Hilde VAUTMANS RenewBelgium87 % of 4 697 shared82 %
Moritz KÖRNER RenewGermany87 % of 4 773 shared82 %
Andreas GLÜCK RenewGermany87 % of 3 520 shared82 %
Eugen TOMAC RenewRomania87 % of 3 543 shared82 %
Bart GROOTHUIS RenewNetherlands87 % of 3 590 shared82 %
Jan-Christoph OETJEN RenewGermany87 % of 4 825 shared82 %
Katri KULMUNI RenewFinland87 % of 3 734 shared82 %
Svenja HAHN RenewGermany87 % of 4 501 shared82 %

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer ProtectionIMCO CommitteeVice-chair23 Jul 2024now
Committee on Regional DevelopmentREGI CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with IndiaD-IN DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation for relations with South AfricaD-ZA DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Cohesion Policy and Outermost RegionsIG10-08 Intergroup / working groupMember25 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Resilience, Disaster Management and Civil ProtectionIG10-19 Intergroup / working groupMember17 Mar 2025now
Intergroup on Sky and SpaceIG10-21 Intergroup / working groupMember27 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)IG10-22 Intergroup / working groupMember12 Mar 2025now
Intergroup on the Social Economy and Services of General InterestIG10-23 Intergroup / working groupMember30 Jan 2025now

Show all 12 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
No dossier namedOfficial delegationREGI13 Jul 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationIMCO27 Mar 2025
Delegationsreise, Südafrika, Kapstadt (28. interparlamentarischer Austausch)Official delegation10 Feb 2025
2024/2103(INI)Shadow rapporteurIMCO14 Jan 2025
No dossier namedShadow rapporteur for an opinionREGI5 Nov 2024
No dossier namedCommittee vice-chairIMCO22 Jul 2024

Show all 6 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

7 contributions recorded; 3 on behalf of their group; 13 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
14 Sept 2026Public Procurement Act (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
20 May 2026High time to deliver on the Single Market, providing certainty and predictability for EU businesses and quality jobs (continuation of debate) Speech · 2 minRead
8 Sept 2025Public procurement (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
16 Jun 2025Strengthening rural areas in the EU through cohesion policy (debate) on behalf of EPPSpeech · 2 minRead
21 May 2025Single Market Strategy (debate) Speech · 2 minRead
1 Apr 2025Improving the implementation of cohesion policy through the mid-term review to achieve a robust cohesion policy post 2027 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
21 Oct 2024A stronger Europe for safer products to better protect consumers and tackle unfair competition: boosting EU oversight in e-commerce and imports (debate) Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 7 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 14

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
17 Sept 2026Effects on the single market of Germany’s Act on Data and Digital Innovation in Healthcare (GeDIG) P-10-2026-003738Priority written questionNot yet answered
23 Jul 2026Energy Performance of Buildings Directive E-10-2026-003113Written questionwith 17 co-authorsNot yet answered
9 Jun 2026Planned ban on PFAS chemicals and impact on the food processing industry E-10-2026-002369Written questionwith 3 co-authors31 Jul 2026
1 Jun 2026Governance and measurability in the context of COM(2026)0380 P-10-2026-002214Priority written question9 Jul 2026
6 May 2026Practical feasibility of labelling requirements for secondary and tertiary reusable packaging under Articles 12 and 15(8) PPWR E-10-2026-001856Written questionwith 12 co-authors10 Jul 2026
29 Apr 2026Implementation and measurability of cutting red tape in the context of COM(2026)0380 P-10-2026-001751Priority written question28 May 2026
20 Mar 2026Implementation of Regulation (EU) 2024/3110 and delays in the publication of European Assessment Documents E-10-2026-001171Written question13 May 2026
10 Mar 2026German Bundeskartellamt inquiry into Amazon pricing practices E-10-2026-000989Written questionwith 24 co-authors5 May 2026
14 Jan 2026Strengthening Europe’s printed circuit boards & electronics production E-10-2026-000120Written questionwith 15 co-authors24 Mar 2026
19 Nov 2025MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on protection of EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and materials B-10-2025-0500Motion for a resolutionwith 71 co-authors—

Show all 14 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 90

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
16 Sept 2026Establishing the European Fund for Regional Development including for European Territorial Cooperation (Interreg) and the Cohesion Fund as part of the Fund set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRP] and establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to regional development from 2028 to 2034 REGI-AM-792057 REGI9
10 Sept 2026on the proposal for a Regulations (EC) No 561/2006, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2019/2144 and (EU) 2024/1257 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the simplification of technical requirements and testing procedures for motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 70/157/EEC and Regulation No 540/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council ITRE-AM-790812 ITRE39
7 Sept 2026Establishing the European Fund for Regional Development including for European Territorial Cooperation (Interreg) and the Cohesion Fund as part of the Fund set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRP] and establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to regional development from 2028 to 2034 REGI-AM-792058 REGI13
27 Aug 2026Cohesion policy in the EU’s eastern border regions: strengthening territorial resilience and cross-border cooperation REGI-AM-791869 REGI2
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791874 CJ728
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791873 CJ7210
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-790967 CJ723
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791073 CJ7210
27 Jul 2026Amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) CJ72-AM-791072 CJ725
23 Jul 2026Cohesion policy – the driving force in implementing the EU agenda for cities REGI-AM-791872 REGI1

Show all 90 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Germany National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Christian DOLESCHAL”. Member record. memberId 197473. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197473?nb=all&period=term&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197473. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197473?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-197473,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Christian DOLESCHAL}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197473?nb=all&period=term&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197473?nb=all&period=term&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197473. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197473. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}