Skip to content

Member

Marc BOTENGA

The Left · Belgium

Group
The Left
Country
Belgium
Roll-call participation
92.4 %ⓘ of 2 891 roll calls in office · chamber median 91.2 % · 2025, roll calls
With majority line
92.2 %ⓘ of 2 669 votes where the group had a line · The Left median 93.4 %
More facts (5)
National party
PVDA-PTB
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
128 of 2 470 votesⓘ
Committees
AFET, ECON (substitute), ITRE (substitute), SEDE
Member id
187917
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

92.4 %

2 672 of 2 891 roll calls while in office

The Left median: 90.3 % (+2.1 pts)

Chamber median: 91.2 %

With majority line ⓘ

92.2 %

2 462 of 2 669 votes where their group had a line

The Left median: 93.4 % (−1.1 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

5.2 %

128 of 2 470 votes where their group had a clear line

20 opposite (for ↔ against), 99 abstained against the line, 9 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

7.9 %

211 of 2 672 votes cast

Participation 92.4 % — The Left median 90.3 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Marc BOTENGA92.4 %
The Left median90.3 %
Lowest in the group13.4 %
Highest in the group99.2 %
Members47
With majority line 92.2 % — The Left median 93.4 %, 47 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 47 members of the The Left with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Marc BOTENGA92.2 %
The Left median93.4 %
Lowest in the group70.1 %
Highest in the group97.3 %
Members47
  • 2025, 2 891 roll-call votes. The dots are the other members of The Left; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
20 May 2026Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 14 204 for, 432 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response Paragraph 11 — part 1 474 for, 73 against, 91 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response Separate vote on paragraph 6 418 for, 210 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
20 May 2026Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response Amendment 3 to paragraph 4 189 for, 440 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response Separate vote on paragraph 2 435 for, 190 against, 16 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
20 May 2026Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 1 193 for, 431 against, 8 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response Amendment 2 to paragraph 1 192 for, 451 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Opportunities and challenges presented by a comprehensive artificial intelligence strategy for EU trade Final vote on the motion for a resolutionAdopted 527 for, 62 against, 59 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Abstained
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 369 for, 160 against, 112 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 41, adding text after recital P 225 for, 396 against, 17 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 3 to recital M 114 for, 494 against, 40 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Recital G — part 2 470 for, 112 against, 63 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 29, adding text after recital F 291 for, 303 against, 50 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 9 to recital C 143 for, 452 against, 55 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Citation 5 — part 2 467 for, 151 against, 32 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Paragraph 1, point aq — part 2 455 for, 152 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 65 to paragraph 1, point ap 327 for, 264 against, 55 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 28 to paragraph 1, point ap 320 for, 293 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Paragraph 1, point al — part 5 465 for, 139 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Paragraph 1, point al — part 3 474 for, 136 against, 27 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Paragraph 1, point al — part 2 515 for, 112 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 63 to paragraph 1, after point aj 201 for, 411 against, 29 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendments 27 + 39 (voted as one) to paragraph 1, after point ag 338 for, 285 against, 18 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 26 to paragraph 1, point ag 199 for, 404 against, 31 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendments 25 + 38 (voted as one) to paragraph 1, after point af 342 for, 279 against, 14 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Paragraph 1, point af — part 2 482 for, 132 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Paragraph 1, point af — part 1 622 for, 5 against, 6 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 24 to paragraph 1, point af 185 for, 441 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 35 to paragraph 1, point ae 415 for, 206 against, 20 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendments 23 + 37 (voted as one) to paragraph 1, after point ad 235 for, 398 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 34 to paragraph 1, point ad 308 for, 313 against, 23 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendments 22 + 36 (voted as one) to paragraph 1, point ad 210 for, 417 against, 21 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 33 to paragraph 1, point ac 461 for, 94 against, 77 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 59 to paragraph 1, after point ab 156 for, 474 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 57 to paragraph 1, after point ab 200 for, 388 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 56 to paragraph 1, after point ab 148 for, 466 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 55 to paragraph 1, after point ab 206 for, 391 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 54 to paragraph 1, point ab 199 for, 399 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 53 to paragraph 1, after point aa 379 for, 181 against, 78 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 32 to paragraph 1, after point aa 347 for, 205 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 52 to paragraph 1, point aa 138 for, 391 against, 107 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 31 to paragraph 1, point aa 284 for, 288 against, 70 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Paragraph 1, point v — part 2 417 for, 177 against, 51 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 2 to paragraph 1, point v 189 for, 444 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 7 to paragraph 1, after point r 184 for, 448 against, 15 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 17 to paragraph 1, after point o 205 for, 437 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Separate vote on paragraph 1, point o 409 for, 227 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 16 to paragraph 1, point o 148 for, 475 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Amendment 1 to paragraph 1, point o 202 for, 432 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
20 May 2026Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Paragraph 1, point n — part 4 432 for, 178 against, 21 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 2 of 51 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within The Left

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Martin GÜNTHER The LeftGermany94 % of 2 698 shared87 %
Rudi KENNES The LeftBelgium93 % of 5 118 shared87 %
Özlem DEMIREL The LeftGermany93 % of 4 381 shared87 %
Giorgos GEORGIOU The LeftCyprus92 % of 3 987 shared87 %
Irene MONTERO The LeftSpain92 % of 4 738 shared87 %
Isabel SERRA SÁNCHEZ The LeftSpain91 % of 3 102 shared87 %
Catarina MARTINS The LeftPortugal91 % of 4 187 shared87 %
Estrella GALÁN The LeftSpain90 % of 4 436 shared87 %
Martin SCHIRDEWAN The LeftGermany90 % of 4 738 shared87 %
Luke Ming FLANAGAN The LeftIreland90 % of 3 989 shared87 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Ana MIRANDA PAZ GreensSpain81 % of 4 369 shared77 %
Vicent MARZÀ IBÁÑEZ GreensSpain80 % of 4 729 shared77 %
Maria ZACHARIA No groupGreece80 % of 5 136 shared37 %
Benedetta SCUDERI GreensItaly79 % of 4 958 shared77 %
Cristina GUARDA GreensItaly79 % of 4 350 shared77 %
Jaume ASENS LLODRÀ GreensSpain78 % of 4 332 shared77 %
Leoluca ORLANDO GreensItaly78 % of 4 445 shared77 %
David CORMAND GreensFrance78 % of 5 020 shared77 %
Ignazio Roberto MARINO GreensItaly78 % of 3 917 shared77 %
Saskia BRICMONT GreensBelgium77 % of 4 814 shared77 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Economic and Monetary AffairsECON CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Security and DefenceSEDE CommitteeMember23 Jan 2025now
Subcommittee on Tax MattersFISC SubcommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Delegation for relations with PalestineDPAL DelegationSubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Africa-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDAFR Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Anti-Racism and DiversityIG10-02 Intergroup / working groupMember14 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Trade UnionsIG10-24 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now

Show all 11 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Establishing the Programme for agile and rapid defence innovation (AGILE)Shadow rapporteurSEDE19 May 2026
Establishing the Programme for agile and rapid defence innovation (AGILE)Shadow rapporteurITRE7 May 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurAFET28 Apr 2026
Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructureShadow rapporteurSEDE23 Mar 2026
Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034Shadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE17 Mar 2026
Union Civil Protection Mechanism and Union support for health emergency preparedness and response, and repealing Decision No 1313/2013/EU (Union Civil Protection Mechanism)Shadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE10 Mar 2026
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), the European cybersecurity certification framework, and ICT supply chain security and repealing Regulation (EU) 2019/881 (The Cybersecurity Act 2)Shadow rapporteurITRE10 Mar 2026
Amending Directive (EU) 2022/2555 as regards simplification measures and alignment with the [Proposal for the Cybersecurity Act 2]Shadow rapporteurITRE10 Mar 2026
Establishing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for the period 2028-2034 laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/695Shadow rapporteur for an opinionSEDE26 Jan 2026
Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activitiesShadow rapporteurITRE19 Nov 2025

Show all 27 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

128 contributions recorded; 25 on behalf of their group; 166 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Speech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026State of the Union (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Escalation in the Middle East (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
15 Sept 2026Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V) - Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V) - Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) on behalf of The LeftSpeech · 1 minRead
9 Jul 2026Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda: EU solidarity and preparedness in global health (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026EU’s response and preparedness to protect people against recurring heatwaves and upcoming wildfires (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
6 Jul 2026Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025 (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
17 Jun 2026Continued crackdown on civic space and fundamental freedoms in Burkina Faso Speech · 2 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 100

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro B-10-2026-0396Motion for a resolution—
3 Aug 2026Safeguards against perceived conflicts of interest in appointments to the CJEU E-10-2026-003191Written questionNot yet answered
16 Jul 2026Urgent appeal for the release of Dr Hussam Abu Safiya E-10-2026-003029Written questionwith 17 co-authors2 Sept 2026
14 Jul 2026State of play of negotiations on the agreement on the exchange of personal data between Europol and Israel E-10-2026-002925Written questionwith 24 co-authors1 Sept 2026
7 Jul 2026Transparency regarding EU-funded infrastructure destroyed in Gaza E-10-2026-002805Written questionwith 39 co-authors4 Sept 2026
1 Jul 2026PROPOSAL FOR A DECISION requesting the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations to verify whether Europe of Sovereign Nations Party complies with the conditions laid down in Article 3(1), points (d) and (e), of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2025/2445 B-10-2026-0338Motion for a resolutionwith 246 co-authors—
29 Jun 2026Is the EU complicit in the US war of aggression against Iran? E-10-2026-002694Written questionNot yet answered
26 Jun 2026Horizon Europe: legal basis for the suspension announcement of 4 March 2022 E-10-2026-002657Written questionNot yet answered
26 Jun 2026Horizon Europe: attribution of state conduct to beneficiaries and participating entities E-10-2026-002659Written questionNot yet answered
26 Jun 2026Horizon Europe: case-by-case assessment versus general suspension of payments to Russian entities between 4 March and 8 April 2022 E-10-2026-002661Written questionNot yet answered

Show all 100 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 50

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
16 Jul 2026General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2027 - all sections AFET-AM-791057 AFET1
15 Jun 2026EU-Syria political relations AFET-AM-789951 AFET21
5 Jun 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788898 ITRE17
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788902 ITRE3
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788900 ITRE6
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788899 ITRE1
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788897 ITRE17
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788896 ITRE28
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788849 ITRE12
18 May 2026Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activities ITRE-AM-788905 ITRE10

Show all 50 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Belgium National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
30 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Marc BOTENGA”. Member record. memberId 187917. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/187917?page=21&period=2025&vscope=all (retrieved 30 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/187917. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/187917?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-187917,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Marc BOTENGA}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/187917?page=21&period=2025&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/187917?page=21&period=2025&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-30},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 187917. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/187917. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version 772c7b2d0380 (30 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}