Skip to content

Member

Marcin SYPNIEWSKI

ESN · Poland

Group
ESN
Country
Poland
Roll-call participation
94.2 %ⓘ of 293 roll calls in office · chamber median 91.5 % · 2025, final votes
With majority line
73.9 %ⓘ of 276 votes where the group had a line · ESN median 95.7 %
More facts (5)
National party
Konfederacja Konfederacja Wolność i Niepodległość
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
64 of 268 votesⓘ
Committees
ITRE, JURI (substitute), PETI
Member id
257070
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

94.2 %

276 of 293 final votes while in office

ESN median: 89.1 % (+5.1 pts)

Chamber median: 91.5 %

With majority line ⓘ

73.9 %

204 of 276 votes where their group had a line

ESN median: 95.7 % (−21.8 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

23.9 %

64 of 268 votes where their group had a clear line

19 opposite (for ↔ against), 38 abstained against the line, 7 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

23.6 %

65 of 276 votes cast

Participation 94.2 % — ESN median 89.1 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Marcin SYPNIEWSKI94.2 %
ESN median89.1 %
Lowest in the group44.4 %
Highest in the group99.3 %
Members27
With majority line 73.9 % — ESN median 95.7 %, 27 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 27 members of the ESN with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Marcin SYPNIEWSKI73.9 %
ESN median95.7 %
Lowest in the group59.5 %
Highest in the group99.3 %
Members27
  • 2025, 293 final votes; 293 of 371 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of ESN; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecisionResultPositionMajority line
17 Sept 2026Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong following the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung Adopted 459 for, 12 against, 86 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Sept 2026Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro Adopted 374 for, 198 against, 19 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector Adopted 514 for, 61 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026Post-electoral repression in Zambia and the killing of Mutotwe Kafwaya Adopted 562 for, 1 against, 33 abstainedPosition: Abstained ≠ groupMajority line: For
17 Sept 2026Impact of social media and the online environment on young people Adopted 395 for, 136 against, 80 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The role of social, economic and environmental standards in safeguarding fair competition for all aquatic food products and improving food security Adopted 467 for, 92 against, 44 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Adopted 368 for, 172 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
17 Sept 2026Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officers Adopted 601 for, 4 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Adopted 339 for, 225 against, 16 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Strengthening global health resilience in partner countries Adopted 319 for, 142 against, 19 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V) Passed 549 for, 92 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V) Passed 540 for, 105 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V) Passed 530 for, 125 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034 Passed 496 for, 53 against, 125 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation 2028-2034 Passed 600 for, 21 against, 48 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Nuclear decommissioning assistance programme of the Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania for the period 2028-2034 Passed 625 for, 20 against, 22 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Switzerland Agreement on the transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime Consent given 549 for, 75 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-UK Agreement regarding cooperation on the application of their respective competition laws Consent given 640 for, 5 against, 26 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
16 Sept 2026EU-Iceland Agreement on the participation of Iceland in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme Consent given 631 for, 7 against, 15 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026EU-Norway Agreement on the participation of Norway in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme Consent given 612 for, 8 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified soybean GMB151 x DAS-44406-6 Objection passed 442 for, 184 against, 12 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified soybean MON 94313 Objection passed 457 for, 184 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Genetically modified maize MON 87460 Objection passed 433 for, 159 against, 10 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Adopted 470 for, 129 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026An EU cardiovascular diseases strategy Adopted 545 for, 47 against, 75 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions Adopted 390 for, 218 against, 29 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures Passed 464 for, 50 against, 159 abstainedPosition: Against ≠ groupMajority line: Abstained
15 Sept 2026Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation Fund Passed 433 for, 97 against, 146 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Market stability reserve for the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS): ceasing the invalidation of allowances Passed 367 for, 240 against, 59 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sectors Passed 467 for, 158 against, 41 abstainedPosition: For ≠ groupMajority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Implementation into Union law of measures adopted by regional fisheries management organisations Passed 559 for, 48 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: Abstained
15 Sept 2026General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM): fishing in the GFCM Agreement area Passed 580 for, 51 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Temporary trade-liberalisation measures applicable to Armenian products Passed 583 for, 49 against, 39 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026Draft amending budget No 2/2026: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure Passed 440 for, 127 against, 104 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Adopted 420 for, 220 against, 26 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Implementation of the Council Recommendation on a Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee Adopted 530 for, 77 against, 61 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026The EU Youth Strategy 2019–2027 Adopted 477 for, 124 against, 66 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026Global role of the euro Adopted 405 for, 146 against, 60 abstainedPosition: No vote recorded Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026Establishment of the digital euro Negotiating mandate approved 416 for, 169 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan Adopted 476 for, 28 against, 96 abstainedPosition: Abstained Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre Adopted 510 for, 1 against, 86 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness Adopted 366 for, 192 against, 39 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement Consent given 479 for, 119 against, 65 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Protection of the environment through criminal law Consent given 499 for, 99 against, 69 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026EU–Mexico Interim Agreement on Trade Consent given 474 for, 131 against, 60 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU–Morocco Euro-Mediterranean Aviation Agreement: accession to the EU of Croatia (Protocol) Consent given 625 for, 16 against, 20 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026EU-Morocco Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation setting out the terms and conditions for the participation of Morocco in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA): amendment and supplement Consent given 573 for, 35 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Trajectory to decrease the contribution of high indirect land-use change-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels to renewable energy targets Objection passed 388 for, 248 against, 24 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Lead in certain fishing tackle Objection failed 197 for, 455 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026Genetically modified maize NK603 × T25 Objection passed 460 for, 189 against, 14 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 2 of 38 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ESN

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Ewa ZAJĄCZKOWSKA-HERNIK changed group PatriotsPoland97 % of 3 154 shared80 %
Stanisław TYSZKA ESNPoland96 % of 3 735 shared80 %
Roberto VANNACCI changed group ESNItaly79 % of 2 031 shared80 %
René AUST ESNGermany77 % of 5 035 shared80 %
Hans NEUHOFF ESNGermany77 % of 4 090 shared80 %
Tomasz FROELICH ESNGermany76 % of 5 301 shared80 %
Marc JONGEN ESNGermany76 % of 4 892 shared80 %
Rada LAYKOVA ESNBulgaria76 % of 4 553 shared80 %
Stanislav STOYANOV ESNBulgaria76 % of 5 091 shared80 %
Irmhild BOSSDORF ESNGermany76 % of 5 271 shared80 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Volker SCHNURRBUSCH changed group ESNGermany87 % of 231 shared49 %
Ewa ZAJĄCZKOWSKA-HERNIK changed group PatriotsPoland76 % of 1 340 shared70 %
Anna BRYŁKA changed group PatriotsPoland74 % of 5 250 shared69 %
Tomasz BUCZEK changed group PatriotsPoland74 % of 5 136 shared69 %
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance72 % of 4 770 shared64 %
Georg MAYER PatriotsAustria72 % of 4 618 shared70 %
Petra STEGER PatriotsAustria72 % of 5 358 shared70 %
Tom VANDENDRIESSCHE PatriotsBelgium72 % of 5 458 shared70 %
Mieke ANDRIESE PatriotsNetherlands72 % of 2 696 shared70 %
Gerald HAUSER PatriotsAustria72 % of 5 219 shared70 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on Industry, Research and EnergyITRE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Legal AffairsJURI CommitteeSubstitute19 Jul 2024now
Committee on PetitionsPETI CommitteeMember8 Jul 2025now
Delegation to the Cariforum-EU Parliamentary CommitteeDCAR Joint parliamentary committeeMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary AssemblyDACP Parliamentary assemblySubstitute19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Africa-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDAFR Parliamentary assemblySubstitute28 Jan 2026now
Delegation to the Caribbean-EU Parliamentary AssemblyDCAB Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Christians in the Middle EastIG10-07 Intergroup / working groupMember20 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Traditional Minorities, National Communities and LanguagesIG10-25 Intergroup / working groupMember29 Jan 2025now
Committee on PetitionsPETI CommitteeSubstitute22 Jan 20257 Jul 2025

Show all 13 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
Chips Act 2.0Shadow rapporteur for an opinionJURI22 Sept 2026
Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2025Shadow rapporteurPETI9 Sept 2026
Monitoring the application of European Union law in 2026Shadow rapporteur for an opinionPETI17 Jul 2026
Establishing a framework of measures for the acceleration of industrial capacity and decarbonisation in strategic sectors and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2024/1735 and (EU) 2024/3110Shadow rapporteurITRE15 Jul 2026
The 28th regime corporate legal framework – 'EU Inc.'Shadow rapporteurJURI1 Jul 2026
Establishing the European Competitiveness Fund ('ECF’), including the specific programme for defence research and innovation activitiesShadow rapporteurITRE29 Jun 2026
Establishing the Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034, amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/1153Shadow rapporteurITRE29 Jun 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurPETI20 May 2026
No dossier namedShadow rapporteurPETI13 May 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/1753 as regards amendments adopted by the Assembly of the Lisbon Union on 14 July 2025 to the Common Regulations under the Lisbon Agreement on Appellations of Origin and Geographical IndicationsShadow rapporteurJURI7 May 2026

Show all 32 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

86 contributions recorded, 6 written statements; 29 on behalf of their group; 108 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
DateDebateKindVerbatim
16 Sept 2026Urgent need for EU support to Ukraine against Russia’s escalation of its war of aggression (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
16 Sept 2026Stop gold-plating, relieve SMEs: Member States must implement EU legislation without adding extra bureaucracy (topical debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
8 Jul 2026Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre on behalf of ESNSpeech · 2 minRead
7 Jul 2026Presentation of the Action Plan on Cybersecurity and AI (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
7 Jul 2026Urgent measures to strengthen the competitiveness and safeguard quality jobs in the EU’s automotive sector (debate) StatementRead
16 Jun 2026Common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union (Return Regulation) (debate) StatementRead
15 Jun 2026Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) (debate) on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
15 Jun 2026Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America - Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods on behalf of ESNSpeech · 1 minRead
21 May 2026European Citizens’ Initiative ‘Stop destroying videogames’ (debate) Speech · 1 minRead
20 May 2026Reviewing the ETS system to support European competitiveness (topical debate) Speech · 1 minRead

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 66

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
31 Aug 2026The PPWR and existing reusable packaging schemes E-10-2026-003393Written questionNot yet answered
26 Aug 2026Administrative burdens on SMEs and importers arising from the PPWR E-10-2026-003347Written questionNot yet answered
11 Aug 2026Restrictions on the use of church bells and freedom of religion E-10-2026-003253Written question23 Sept 2026
31 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors—
22 Jul 2026Decommissioning of wind turbines and covering dismantling costs E-10-2026-003081Written question24 Sept 2026
15 Jul 2026Commission’s ‘anti-racism’ strategy: towards a presumption that European societies are racist? E-10-2026-002952Written questionwith 11 co-authors21 Aug 2026
22 Jun 2026Effectiveness of EU funds and the impact of bureaucracy on rail modernisation in Śląskie Province E-10-2026-002565Written questionNot yet answered
19 Jun 2026Mass redundancies in Upper Silesia and the Just Transition Fund E-10-2026-002543Written question21 Aug 2026
19 Jun 2026Effectiveness of Parliament’s democratic scrutiny of the Commission in relation to time limits for replying to parliamentary questions P-10-2026-002544Priority written question24 Aug 2026
4 Jun 2026Scandal surrounding the naming of a Ukrainian military unit ‘Heroes of the UPA’ – the accession process and EU support for Ukraine E-10-2026-002310Written question3 Aug 2026

Show all 66 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 12

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
DateText amendedCommitteeAmendments
14 Jul 2026Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2025 PETI-AM-790995 PETI16
18 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ITRE-AM-787939 ITRE9
18 May 2026Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation Fund ITRE-AM-787940 ITRE22
11 May 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures ITRE-AM-787997 ITRE6
27 Apr 2026Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1252 ITRE-AM-787752 ITRE14
23 Apr 2026Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034 ITRE-AM-787695 ITRE8
20 Apr 2026Research and training programme of the European Atomic Energy Community for the period 2028-2032, complementing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, and providing for the Community’s contribution to the ITER project ITRE-AM-787718 ITRE23
26 Mar 2026Establishing the Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation and Decommissioning for the period 2028-2034 and repealing Regulations (Euratom) 2021/100 and (Euratom) 2021/948 ITRE-AM-786784 ITRE16
11 Nov 2025Addressing the negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel market ITRE-AM-779540 ITRE13
3 Oct 2025Activities of the European Ombudsman – annual report 2024 PETI-AM-778162 PETI8

Show all 12 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Poland National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Marcin SYPNIEWSKI”. Member record. memberId 257070. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257070?period=2025&rows=all&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257070. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/257070?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-257070,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Marcin SYPNIEWSKI}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257070?period=2025&rows=all&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/257070?period=2025&rows=all&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 257070. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257070. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}