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Votes against the group’s line

All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Raffaele TOPO

Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and did they vote with their national party when they did?

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Period Term202420252026Last 6 months
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928
Order Highest rate firstBy name

Showing Raffaele TOPO only. Show every member

Raffaele TOPO’s votes against the line, 142

Every vote in the selection where the member’s position differed from their group’s clear line, newest first.

Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
17 Sept 2026Amendment 48 to paragraph 8 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersAgainstForS&D
17 Sept 2026Amendment 76, adding text after paragraph 7 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersForAgainstS&D
17 Sept 2026Amendment 13 to recital C — part 2 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersAbstainedAgainstS&D
17 Sept 2026Amendment 13 to recital C — part 1 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersAbstainedAgainstS&D
17 Sept 2026Amendment 14 to paragraph 2 — part 2 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersAbstainedAgainstS&D
17 Sept 2026Amendment 14 to paragraph 2 — part 1 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersAbstainedAgainstS&D
15 Sept 2026Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 36 The EU Youth Strategy 2019–2027ForAgainstS&D
15 Sept 2026Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 35 The EU Youth Strategy 2019–2027ForAbstainedS&D
15 Sept 2026Amendment 2 to paragraph 75 Implementation of the Council Recommendation on a Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth GuaranteeAgainstForS&D
15 Sept 2026Amendment 3 to recital D Draft amending budget No 2/2026: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditureForAgainstS&D
8 Jul 2026Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 3 2025 Commission report on UkraineForAgainstS&D
8 Jul 2026Amendment 31, adding text after paragraph 45 EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report)AbstainedAgainstS&D
8 Jul 2026Amendment 24 to paragraph 37 EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report)AbstainedAgainstS&D
8 Jul 2026Final vote — text as a whole Trajectory to decrease the contribution of high indirect land-use change-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels to renewable energy targetsForAgainstS&D
7 Jul 2026Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 50 Competition policy – annual report 2025ForAgainstS&D
7 Jul 2026Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 46 Competition policy – annual report 2025ForAbstainedS&D
7 Jul 2026Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 Competition policy – annual report 2025AgainstAbstainedS&D
7 Jul 2026Amendment 5, adding text after recital Y Recommendation on the changing geopolitical situation in East Asia and the need for closer cooperation with like-minded partners in the regionForAgainstS&D
7 Jul 2026Amendment 4 to paragraph 8 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025AgainstForS&D
18 Jun 2026Recital B — part 2 Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and FinlandForAgainstS&D
18 Jun 2026Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 25 Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and FinlandForAgainstS&D
18 Jun 2026Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 25 Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and FinlandForAgainstS&D
17 Jun 2026Amendment 2 to recital S Recommendation on promoting transnational governance on water in the interests of conflict prevention and peaceForAgainstS&D
17 Jun 2026Final vote — text as a whole 2025 Commission report on TürkiyeAgainstForS&D
17 Jun 2026Amendment 42, adding text after paragraph 35 2025 Commission report on TürkiyeForAgainstS&D
17 Jun 2026Final vote Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast)ForAgainstS&D
17 Jun 2026Final vote on the draft Council decision EU-Pakistan Agreement: modification of concessions on all the tariff rate quotas included in the EU Schedule CLXXVAbstainedForS&D
17 Jun 2026Amendment 8 to Article 9, paragraph 1, subparagraph 2, after point d Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feedAbstainedForS&D
17 Jun 2026Amendment 6 to Article 6, paragraph 3, after point d Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feedAbstainedForS&D
16 Jun 2026Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 5 European political parties and foundations – 2026 report on the application of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 2025/2445 and on the activities fundedAbstainedAgainstS&D
21 May 2026Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 36 The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forwardAgainstForS&D
21 May 2026Amendment 8 to paragraph 12 Repression and execution of protesters, dissidents, political prisoners and religious minorities in IranForAgainstS&D
20 May 2026Amendment 59 to paragraph 1, after point ab Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyForAgainstS&D
20 May 2026Amendment 42 to paragraph 1, after point d Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyForAbstainedS&D
30 Apr 2026Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 5 Ensuring accountability and justice in response to Russia’s continued attacks against the civilian population in UkraineForAgainstS&D
29 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 50 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025ForAgainstS&D
29 Apr 2026Amendment 28 to paragraph 247, after point iv Discharge 2024: EU general budget – CommissionForAgainstS&D
29 Apr 2026Paragraph 46 — part 2 Discharge 2024: EU general budget – CommissionAgainstForS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 7 Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EUForAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendments 125 + 129 (voted as one), adding text after Article 29 (corresponds to Article 34 in am 120) Generalised scheme of tariff preferencesForAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Proposal to vote on amendments Generalised scheme of tariff preferencesForAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendment 40, adding text after paragraph 121 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AbstainedAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendment 38 to paragraph 100 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034ForAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendment 34 to paragraph 71 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034ForAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendment 21 to paragraph 39 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034ForAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendment 89, adding text after paragraph 38 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034ForAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 38 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034ForAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 37 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034ForAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendment 13 to paragraph 26 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034ForAgainstS&D
26 Mar 2026Amendment 60, adding text after recital 9 Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of AmericaForAbstainedS&D
Show all 142 votes
Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
26 Mar 2026Amendment 56, adding text after recital 3 Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of AmericaAbstainedAgainstS&D
26 Mar 2026Amendment 51, adding text after recital 2 Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of AmericaAbstainedAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2026Separate vote on paragraph 17 Activities of the European Ombudsman – annual report 2024ForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2026Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 2 Human trafficking and grave human rights violations linked to the recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular from Africa, for Russia’s war of aggression in UkraineForAgainstS&D
11 Mar 2026Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 22 European Semester for economic policy coordination 2026ForAbstainedS&D
10 Mar 2026Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 4 The upcoming European Research Area (ERA) ActForAgainstS&D
10 Mar 2026Amendment 56, adding text after paragraph 57 Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housingForAgainstS&D
10 Mar 2026Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 45 Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housingForAgainstS&D
10 Mar 2026Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 42 Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housingForAgainstS&D
10 Mar 2026Paragraph 31 — part 2 Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housingAgainstForS&D
10 Mar 2026Amendment 75, adding text after paragraph 25 Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housingForAgainstS&D
10 Mar 2026Paragraph 23 — part 1 Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housingAgainstForS&D
10 Mar 2026Amendment 28 to paragraph 22 Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housingForAgainstS&D
10 Mar 2026Amendment 68, adding text after paragraph 13 Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housingForAgainstS&D
12 Feb 2026Separate vote on paragraph 2 Developing a new EU anti-poverty strategyAgainstForS&D
12 Feb 2026Amendment 6 to paragraph 1 Systemic oppression, inhumane conditions and arbitrary detentions by the regime in IranForAgainstS&D
22 Jan 2026Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 12 Brutal repression against protesters in IranForAgainstS&D
22 Jan 2026Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 103 European technological sovereignty and digital infrastructureForAgainstS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 21, adding text after paragraph 5 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2025AbstainedForS&D
21 Jan 2026Recital Q — part 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025AgainstForS&D
21 Jan 2026Paragraph 38 — part 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025AbstainedForS&D
21 Jan 2026Paragraph 35 — part 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025AbstainedForS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 11 to paragraph 28 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025ForAgainstS&D
21 Jan 2026Paragraph 1 — part 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025AgainstForS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 41 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025ForAgainstS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 20 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025ForAgainstS&D
20 Jan 2026Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 14 The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companiesAbstainedAgainstS&D
20 Jan 2026Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 14 The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companiesAbstainedAgainstS&D
20 Jan 2026Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 1 The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companiesForAgainstS&D
20 Jan 2026Amendment 250 to Article 16, after paragraph 2 Framework for strengthening the availability and security of supply of critical medicinal products as well as the availability of, and accessibility of, medicinal products of common interestForAgainstS&D
27 Nov 2025Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 1 EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for UkraineForAgainstS&D
27 Nov 2025Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 1 EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for UkraineForAgainstS&D
27 Nov 2025Amendment 7, adding text after recital B Escalation of the war and the humanitarian catastrophe in SudanForAbstainedS&D
27 Nov 2025Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 9 Escalation of the war and the humanitarian catastrophe in SudanAgainstAbstainedS&D
27 Nov 2025Recital M — part 2 Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation AgreementAgainstForS&D
9 Oct 2025Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 6 Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2024ForAgainstS&D
9 Oct 2025Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 3 Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2024ForAgainstS&D
11 Sept 2025Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 6 Situation in Colombia after the wave of recent terrorist attacksForAbstainedS&D
11 Sept 2025Amendment 53, adding text after paragraph 10 Gaza at breaking point: EU action to combat famine and the urgent need to release hostages and move towards a two-state solutionForAgainstS&D
11 Sept 2025Amendment 31, adding text after paragraph 1 Gaza at breaking point: EU action to combat famine and the urgent need to release hostages and move towards a two-state solutionForAbstainedS&D
11 Sept 2025Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 1 Gaza at breaking point: EU action to combat famine and the urgent need to release hostages and move towards a two-state solutionForAbstainedS&D
9 Sept 2025Final vote — text as a whole Public procurementForAbstainedS&D
9 Sept 2025Amendment 18 to paragraph 67 Public procurementForAgainstS&D
9 Sept 2025Amendment 387 to Article 7, après le paragraph 4 Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehiclesForAgainstS&D
9 Jul 2025Amendment 4 to paragraph 24 The human cost of Russia’s war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression: the situation of illegally detained civilians and prisoners of war, and the continued bombing of civiliansAgainstForS&D
9 Jul 2025Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 23 The human cost of Russia’s war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression: the situation of illegally detained civilians and prisoners of war, and the continued bombing of civiliansForAgainstS&D
9 Jul 2025Amendment 5 to paragraph 68 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaAgainstForS&D
9 Jul 2025Separate vote on paragraph 28 2023 and 2024 reports on AlbaniaAbstainedForS&D
9 Jul 2025Final vote on motion B10-0316/2025 Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1675 to add certain countries to the list of high-risk third countries, and to remove other countries from that listAbstainedAgainstS&D
19 Jun 2025Amendment 288 to Article 8, paragraph 2 Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceabilityForAbstainedS&D
19 Jun 2025Amendment 283 to Article 2, after paragraph 2 Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceabilityForAgainstS&D
19 Jun 2025Amendment 55 — part 2 Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceabilityAgainstForS&D
18 Jun 2025Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 41 Implementation report on the Recovery and Resilience FacilityAbstainedAgainstS&D
8 May 2025Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 3 Competition policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstS&D
7 May 2025Amendment 24 to paragraph 131 Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Commission, executive agencies and European Development FundsForAgainstS&D
3 Apr 2025Amendment 16 to paragraph 7 — part 1 Energy-intensive industriesAbstainedForS&D
3 Apr 2025Amendment 10 to paragraph 3 Energy-intensive industriesAgainstForS&D
3 Apr 2025Amendment 2 to paragraph 40 Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European ParliamentAgainstForS&D
3 Apr 2025Amendment 11 to paragraph 2 Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European ParliamentForAgainstS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 1 to paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 34, adding text after paragraph 9 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 22, adding text after paragraph 25 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIAgainstForS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 80, adding text after paragraph 21 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIAgainstForS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 81, adding text after paragraph 17 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIForAgainstS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 10 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIForAgainstS&D
1 Apr 2025Amendment 19 to Article 2, paragraph 1 — part 2 Macro-financial assistance to EgyptForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Amendment 77, adding text after paragraph 74 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Amendment 108 to paragraph 68 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 15 — part 3 White paper on the future of European defenceAgainstForS&D
12 Mar 2025Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 35 European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025AbstainedAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 4 European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025ForAbstainedS&D
13 Feb 2025Amendment 1 to paragraph 9 Repression by the Ortega-Murillo regime in Nicaragua, targeting human rights defenders, political opponents and religious communities in particularForAgainstS&D
12 Feb 2025Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 4 Genetically modified maize DP910521ForAgainstS&D
11 Feb 2025Amendment 19, adding text after recital A European Central Bank – annual report 2024ForAgainstS&D
11 Feb 2025Amendment 30, adding text after paragraph 13 European Central Bank – annual report 2024ForAbstainedS&D
23 Jan 2025Paragraph 14 — part 2 Russia’s disinformation and historical falsification to justify its war of aggression against UkraineAgainstForS&D
28 Nov 2024Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 19 Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and RussiaForAgainstS&D
28 Nov 2024Paragraph 19 — part 2 Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and RussiaAbstainedForS&D
28 Nov 2024Paragraph 19 — part 1 Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and RussiaAbstainedForS&D
28 Nov 2024Paragraph 13 — part 2 Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and RussiaAgainstForS&D
13 Nov 2024Wednesday’s agenda — Request by the Renew and PPE groups Final vote Wednesday’s agenda – Request by the Renew and PPE groupsForAgainstS&D
23 Oct 2024Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 34 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsAbstainedAgainstS&D
9 Oct 2024Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 1 The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in GeorgiaForAbstainedS&D
19 Sept 2024Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 2 Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member StatesForAgainstS&D
19 Sept 2024Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 8 The deteriorating situation of women in Afghanistan due to the recent adoption of the law on the ‘Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice’ForAgainstS&D
17 Jul 2024Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 9 The need for the EU's continuous support for UkraineAbstainedAgainstS&D
17 Jul 2024Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 8 The need for the EU's continuous support for UkraineForAgainstS&D
17 Jul 2024Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 8 The need for the EU's continuous support for UkraineAbstainedAgainstS&D
17 Jul 2024Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 8 The need for the EU's continuous support for UkraineAbstainedAgainstS&D
17 Jul 2024Paragraph 5 — part 7 The need for the EU's continuous support for UkraineAgainstForS&D
17 Jul 2024Paragraph 5 — part 6 The need for the EU's continuous support for UkraineAbstainedForS&D
17 Jul 2024Amendment 9 to paragraph 5 The need for the EU's continuous support for UkraineAbstainedAgainstS&D

By member, 1

Members with at least one vote where their group had a clear line. Order: by rate, for members with at least 300 clear-line votes (the rest follow by name) — not a ranking.

Against the line: votes against the group’s clear line ÷ clear-line votes (votes where the member’s group at the date had a clear line and the member voted); a count below 50. Of the votes against: opposite (for ↔ against), abstained against the line, other (for or against when the line was to abstain), and with own party — with the majority of their national party’s members in the group (at least two voting).
MemberAgainst the lineClear-line votesOppositeAbstainedOtherWith own party
Raffaele TOPO , S&D · Italy 2.7 %5 27193331678

About these figures

What was counted, what was left out, and how.

  • 5 928 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
  • 174 of 794 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
  • A vote counts against the group’s line when the group’s clear line — at least two thirds of its votes cast, with at least 10 members voting — was different from the member’s position; a divided group has no line to vote against (method). This is a different rule from group loyalty, which uses the majority line (loyalty).
  • Ordered by rate, only members with at least 300 votes where their group had a clear line are compared; fewer votes make a rate unstable, and below 50 the figure is shown as a count.
  • Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
  • Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
  • Methods: Voted against the group’s clear line v1, Voted with the group’s majority line v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
  • Data as of 25 Sept 2026, 03:36 UTC (data stamp f37e5638cded, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
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Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=257148&to=2026-09-26
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Raffaele TOPO”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=257148&to=2026-09-26 (retrieved 26 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-26,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Raffaele TOPO}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=257148&to=2026-09-26}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=257148&to=2026-09-26},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}