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Votes against the group’s line

All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Sandro GOZI

Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and did they vote with their national party when they did?

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Period Term202420252026Last 6 months
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928
Order Highest rate firstBy name

Showing Sandro GOZI only. Show every member

Sandro GOZI’s votes against the line, 144

Every vote in the selection where the member’s position differed from their group’s clear line, newest first.

Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
17 Sept 2026Recital F — part 3 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersAgainstForRenew
17 Sept 2026Recital F — part 1 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersAgainstForRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 57, adding text after recital D The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersAbstainedAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendments 14 + 59 (voted as one), adding text after recital C The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersAbstainedAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 61, adding text after recital C The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersForAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Paragraph 10 — part 1 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersAgainstForRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 1 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersForAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 5, adding text after recital H Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersForAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 13 to recital C — part 2 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersForAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 13 to recital C — part 1 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersForAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 14 to paragraph 2 — part 2 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersForAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 14 to paragraph 2 — part 1 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersForAgainstRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendment 3 to recital 11 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendment 29 to Article 11 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendment 5 to Article 3, paragraph 1, point a, after point 1 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendments 26 + 31 + 6 + 21 (voted as one) to Article 3, paragraph 1, point a — part 3 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendments 26 + 31 + 4 (voted as one) to Article 3, paragraph 1, point a — part 2 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendments 26 + 31 + 4 (voted as one) to Article 3, paragraph 1, point a — part 1 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendment 30 to Article 1, after paragraph 2 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
17 Jun 2026Amendment 31 to paragraph 40 2025 Commission report on TürkiyeAbstainedForRenew
16 Jun 2026Final vote on the provisional agreement Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)AbstainedForRenew
16 Jun 2026Final vote on the provisional agreement Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goodsAgainstForRenew
16 Jun 2026Final vote on the provisional agreement Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of AmericaAgainstForRenew
20 May 2026Amendment 35 to paragraph 1, point ae Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyAgainstForRenew
20 May 2026Amendment 33 to paragraph 1, point ac Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyAbstainedForRenew
20 May 2026Amendment 53 to paragraph 1, after point aa Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyAgainstForRenew
20 May 2026Amendment 32 to paragraph 1, after point aa Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyAgainstForRenew
20 May 2026Amendment 31 to paragraph 1, point aa Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyAgainstForRenew
20 May 2026Separate vote on paragraph 1, point o Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyAgainstForRenew
20 May 2026Amendment 30 to paragraph 1, point l Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyAgainstForRenew
18 May 2026Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the ECR Group — Attack against citizens in Modena Final vote Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the ECR Group – Attack against citizens in ModenaAgainstForRenew
30 Apr 2026Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 4 Ensuring accountability and justice in response to Russia’s continued attacks against the civilian population in UkraineAgainstAbstainedRenew
29 Apr 2026Paragraph 56 — part 1 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025AgainstForRenew
29 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 54 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025AbstainedForRenew
29 Apr 2026Proposal to reject the text Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical productsForAgainstRenew
29 Apr 2026Amendment 40 to paragraph 160, after point vii Discharge 2024: EU general budget – CommissionForAgainstRenew
29 Apr 2026Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 47 Discharge 2024: EU general budget – CommissionAbstainedAgainstRenew
28 Apr 2026Final vote — text as a whole Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
26 Mar 2026Final vote Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)AbstainedForRenew
26 Mar 2026Amendment 106 to Article 1 Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)ForAgainstRenew
26 Mar 2026Amendment 105 to Article 1 Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)ForAgainstRenew
26 Mar 2026Amendment 94 to Article 1 Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)ForAgainstRenew
26 Mar 2026Amendment 82 Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)AgainstForRenew
26 Mar 2026Amendment 81 Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)AgainstForRenew
26 Mar 2026Final vote Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goodsAbstainedForRenew
26 Mar 2026Proposal to reject the text Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goodsForAgainstRenew
26 Mar 2026Motion for adjournment of vote Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goodsForAgainstRenew
26 Mar 2026Final vote Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of AmericaAgainstForRenew
26 Mar 2026Proposal to reject the text Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of AmericaForAgainstRenew
26 Mar 2026Motion for adjournment of vote Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of AmericaForAgainstRenew
Show all 144 votes
Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
26 Mar 2026Amendment 32, adding text after recital 4 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of applicationAgainstForRenew
26 Mar 2026Amendment 36, adding text before Article 1; Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of applicationAgainstForRenew
26 Mar 2026Amendment 34, adding text before Article 1; Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of applicationAgainstForRenew
26 Mar 2026Amendment 30, adding text before Article 1; Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 — part 1 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of applicationAgainstForRenew
11 Mar 2026Amendment 24 to paragraph 22 European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2026ForAgainstRenew
11 Mar 2026Paragraph 17 — part 1 European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2026AgainstForRenew
24 Feb 2026Amendment 20, adding text after recital F Four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for UkraineAbstainedAgainstRenew
24 Feb 2026Amendment 22, adding text after paragraph 5 Four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for UkraineAbstainedAgainstRenew
12 Feb 2026Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 10 Situation in Northeast Syria, the violence against civilians and the need to maintain a sustainable ceasefireForAgainstRenew
12 Feb 2026Amendment 1, adding text after recital D Systemic oppression, inhumane conditions and arbitrary detentions by the regime in IranForAgainstRenew
21 Jan 2026Amendment 32, adding text after paragraph 81 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2025ForAgainstRenew
21 Jan 2026Separate vote on recital AJ Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AbstainedForRenew
21 Jan 2026Amendment 64 to recital AJ Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025ForAgainstRenew
21 Jan 2026Amendment 37, adding text after paragraph 78 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AbstainedAgainstRenew
21 Jan 2026Amendment 81, adding text after paragraph 60 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AbstainedAgainstRenew
21 Jan 2026Amendment 67 to paragraph 51 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025ForAgainstRenew
21 Jan 2026Amendment 26 to paragraph 42 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AgainstForRenew
16 Dec 2025Final vote on the provisional agreement Corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirementsAbstainedForRenew
16 Dec 2025Amendment 81 to recital 2 Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural productsForAgainstRenew
16 Dec 2025Amendment 85 to Article 9 Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural productsForAgainstRenew
16 Dec 2025Amendment 84 to Article 6 Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural productsForAgainstRenew
13 Nov 2025Amendment 378 to Article 4 Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirementsForAgainstRenew
22 Oct 2025Amendment 150 to paragraph 79, after point g General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
22 Oct 2025Amendment 52, adding text after paragraph 26 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
22 Oct 2025Amendment 75, adding text after paragraph 22 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
9 Oct 2025Amendment 1 to paragraph 15 Second World Summit for Social DevelopmentAbstainedAgainstRenew
9 Oct 2025Separate vote on paragraph 6 United response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructureAgainstForRenew
9 Oct 2025Paragraph 5 — part 2 United response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructureAgainstForRenew
9 Oct 2025Paragraph 5 — part 1 United response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructureAgainstForRenew
9 Oct 2025Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 15 Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2024ForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 146 to recital 15 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 113 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 145 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 141 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 139 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 138 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Separate vote on Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 137 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 144 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 135 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 133 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 132 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Separate vote on Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 131 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
10 Sept 2025Proposal to vote on amendments Amending ERDF, Cohesion Fund and Just Transition Fund as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges in the context of the mid-term reviewForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 23, adding text after recital AG Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 2, adding text after recital N Public procurementAbstainedAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 1, adding text after recital N Public procurementAbstainedAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 82 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 67 Public procurementAbstainedAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 47 to paragraph 67 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 37 to paragraph 67 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 18 to paragraph 67 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 36 to paragraph 65 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 34 to paragraph 65 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 64 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 17 to paragraph 64 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 24, adding text after paragraph 63 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 63 Public procurementAbstainedAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 46, adding text after paragraph 56 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Jul 2025Amendment 2 to paragraph 4 The human cost of Russia’s war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression: the situation of illegally detained civilians and prisoners of war, and the continued bombing of civiliansForAbstainedRenew
19 Jun 2025Amendment 24 — part 2 Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceabilityAgainstForRenew
17 Jun 2025Amendment 186 to Article 3, after paragraph 2 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast)ForAgainstRenew
8 May 2025Paragraph 30 — part 2 Old challenges and new commercial practices in the internal marketAgainstForRenew
8 May 2025Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 8 Competition policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstRenew
7 May 2025Final vote Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Data Protection SupervisorAgainstForRenew
7 May 2025Final vote — text as a whole Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European OmbudsmanAgainstForRenew
7 May 2025Amendment 27, adding text after paragraph 143 Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Commission, executive agencies and European Development FundsAbstainedForRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 119, adding text after paragraph 24 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 84, adding text after paragraph 24 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 74 to paragraph 10 — part 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 74 to paragraph 10 — part 1 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 69 to paragraph 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 55, adding text after paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 64 to paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 53 to paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Paragraph 48 — part 2 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AgainstForRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 30 to paragraph 8 — part 2 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 30 to paragraph 8 — part 1 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 27 to paragraph 4, after indent 6 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 24 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIForAgainstRenew
13 Mar 2025Paragraph 5 — part 4 Social and employment aspects of restructuring processes: the need to protect jobs and workers’ rightsForAgainstRenew
12 Mar 2025Amendment 61 to paragraph 54 White paper on the future of European defenceAbstainedAgainstRenew
12 Mar 2025Amendment 105, adding text after paragraph 22 White paper on the future of European defenceAbstainedForRenew
12 Mar 2025Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 35 European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025ForAgainstRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 16 to paragraph 92 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 67, adding text after paragraph 91 — part 1 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsAgainstForRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 50 to paragraph 89 — part 1 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
23 Oct 2024Separate vote on paragraph 88 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsAgainstForRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 34 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 60, adding text after paragraph 15 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 58, adding text after paragraph 15 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
19 Sept 2024Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 6 The case of José Daniel Ferrier García in CubaForAgainstRenew
19 Sept 2024Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 6 The case of José Daniel Ferrier García in CubaForAgainstRenew

By member, 1

Members with at least one vote where their group had a clear line. Order: by rate, for members with at least 300 clear-line votes (the rest follow by name) — not a ranking.

Against the line: votes against the group’s clear line ÷ clear-line votes (votes where the member’s group at the date had a clear line and the member voted); a count below 50. Of the votes against: opposite (for ↔ against), abstained against the line, other (for or against when the line was to abstain), and with own party — with the majority of their national party’s members in the group (at least two voting).
MemberAgainst the lineClear-line votesOppositeAbstainedOtherWith own party
Sandro GOZI , Renew · France 2.8 %5 135116262105

About these figures

What was counted, what was left out, and how.

  • 5 928 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
  • 174 of 794 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
  • A vote counts against the group’s line when the group’s clear line — at least two thirds of its votes cast, with at least 10 members voting — was different from the member’s position; a divided group has no line to vote against (method). This is a different rule from group loyalty, which uses the majority line (loyalty).
  • Ordered by rate, only members with at least 300 votes where their group had a clear line are compared; fewer votes make a rate unstable, and below 50 the figure is shown as a count.
  • Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
  • Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
  • Methods: Voted against the group’s clear line v1, Voted with the group’s majority line v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
  • Data as of 25 Sept 2026, 03:36 UTC (data stamp f37e5638cded, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
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Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=204419&to=2026-09-26
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Sandro GOZI”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=204419&to=2026-09-26 (retrieved 26 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-26,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Sandro GOZI}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=204419&to=2026-09-26}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=204419&to=2026-09-26},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}