Analysis
Votes against the group’s line
All roll calls · 25 Mar 2026 – 25 Sept 2026 · Şerban Dimitrie STURDZA
Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and did they vote with their national party when they did?
Showing Şerban Dimitrie STURDZA only. Show every member
Şerban Dimitrie STURDZA’s votes against the line, 137
Every vote in the selection where the member’s position differed from their group’s clear line, newest first.
| Date | Vote | Position | Clear line | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 Sept 2026 | Amendment 85, adding text after Article 8 Establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034 | For | Against | ECR |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Paragraph 83 — part 3 Implementation of the Council Recommendation on a Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee | For | Against | ECR |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 11, adding text after citation 70 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | Against | For | ECR |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 82 to paragraph 65 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 45 to paragraph 61 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 40, adding text after paragraph 48 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | For | Abstained | ECR |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 44 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 24 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | For | Against | ECR |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 12 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 88, adding text after paragraph 2 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 9 Jul 2026 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 4 Joint communication on humanitarian aid | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 9 Jul 2026 | Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 1 Joint communication on humanitarian aid | For | Against | ECR |
| 9 Jul 2026 | Amendment 4, adding text after recital D The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan | For | Against | ECR |
| 9 Jul 2026 | Amendment 6 to paragraph 7 The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 9 Jul 2026 | Amendment 1 to recital E Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre | Against | For | ECR |
| 9 Jul 2026 | Amendment 17 to Article 3, paragraph 1, point d Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directive | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Final vote — text as a whole 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | Against | For | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Amendment 2, adding text after recital M — part 1 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | For | Against | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Paragraph 101 — part 1 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | Against | For | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 99 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | Against | For | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 83 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | Against | For | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 78 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | Against | For | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Amendment 62, adding text after paragraph 52 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | For | Against | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Amendment 61, adding text after paragraph 52 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | For | Abstained | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 41 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | Against | For | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Amendment 57, adding text after paragraph 33 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | Against | For | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Amendment 56, adding text after paragraph 26 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | For | Against | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Paragraph 24 — part 1 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | Against | For | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 17 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | Against | Abstained | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 14 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | Against | For | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Amendment 53, adding text after paragraph 3 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | For | Against | ECR |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 3 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | For | Against | ECR |
| 7 Jul 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 35 A new strategy for media literacy and digital learning | For | Against | ECR |
| 7 Jul 2026 | Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 50 Competition policy – annual report 2025 | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 7 Jul 2026 | Amendment 1 to paragraph 1, before point a Recommendation on the changing geopolitical situation in East Asia and the need for closer cooperation with like-minded partners in the region | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 7 Jul 2026 | Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 25 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025 | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 7 Jul 2026 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 19 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025 | For | Against | ECR |
| 7 Jul 2026 | Amendment 4 to paragraph 8 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025 | For | Against | ECR |
| 7 Jul 2026 | Amendment 3, adding text before paragraph 1 — part 2 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025 | For | Against | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Amendment 1, adding text after recital N Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Separate vote on recital M Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Separate vote on recital J Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Recital G — part 1 Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Separate vote on recital E Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Separate vote on recital D Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Separate vote on recital C Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Separate vote on recital A Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 25 Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 2 Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Paragraph 14 — part 2 Recruitment of children by organised crime | Abstained | Against | ECR |
Show all 137 votes
| Date | Vote | Position | Clear line | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 Jun 2026 | Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 4 Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Amendment 15, adding text after paragraph 4 Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba | For | Against | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 1 Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 18 Jun 2026 | Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 1 Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 12 2025 Commission report on Georgia | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 1 2025 Commission report on Georgia | For | Abstained | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Final vote — text as a whole Recommendation on promoting transnational governance on water in the interests of conflict prevention and peace | For | Abstained | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 3 to recital T Recommendation on promoting transnational governance on water in the interests of conflict prevention and peace | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 2 to recital S Recommendation on promoting transnational governance on water in the interests of conflict prevention and peace | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 5 to recital R Recommendation on promoting transnational governance on water in the interests of conflict prevention and peace | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Final vote — text as a whole 2025 Commission report on Kosovo | Against | For | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 63 2025 Commission report on Kosovo | Against | For | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 4 to paragraph 6 2025 Commission report on Kosovo | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 3 to paragraph 2 2025 Commission report on Kosovo | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Final vote — text as a whole 2025 Commission report on North Macedonia | For | Abstained | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 6, adding text after Recital J 2025 Commission report on North Macedonia | Against | For | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 76 2025 Commission report on North Macedonia | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 3 to paragraph 73 2025 Commission report on North Macedonia | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Paragraph 71 — part 2 2025 Commission report on North Macedonia | Against | For | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 38 — part 2 2025 Commission report on North Macedonia | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Paragraph 27 — part 2 2025 Commission report on North Macedonia | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Paragraph 7 — part 2 2025 Commission report on North Macedonia | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 8 to paragraph 7 2025 Commission report on North Macedonia | Against | For | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 49, adding text after paragraph 43 2025 Commission report on Türkiye | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 42 2025 Commission report on Türkiye | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 36, adding text after paragraph 35 2025 Commission report on Türkiye | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 2 to paragraph 12 2025 Commission report on Türkiye | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 1 to paragraph 6 2025 Commission report on Türkiye | Against | For | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 4 to Article 1, paragraph 1, after point 1; Directive (EU) 2020/262 General arrangements for excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Final vote Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast) | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 93 to recital 18 Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast) | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 92 to recital 15 Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast) | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 96 to Article 12, after paragraph 4 Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast) | For | Against | ECR |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 95 to Article 12, paragraph 4 Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast) | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 20 European political parties and foundations – 2026 report on the application of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 2025/2445 and on the activities funded | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 21 May 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 64 Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gap | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 21 May 2026 | Paragraph 49 — part 2 Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gap | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 21 May 2026 | Paragraph 49 — part 1 Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gap | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 21 May 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 43 Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gap | For | Against | ECR |
| 21 May 2026 | Amendment 8 to paragraph 12 Repression and execution of protesters, dissidents, political prisoners and religious minorities in Iran | For | Against | ECR |
| 21 May 2026 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 1 Repression and execution of protesters, dissidents, political prisoners and religious minorities in Iran | For | Against | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Paragraph 19 — part 1 Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU response | Against | For | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 41, adding text after recital P Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendments 22 + 36 (voted as one) to paragraph 1, point ad Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 59 to paragraph 1, after point ab Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 57 to paragraph 1, after point ab Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 56 to paragraph 1, after point ab Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 55 to paragraph 1, after point ab Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 54 to paragraph 1, point ab Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 52 to paragraph 1, point aa Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 31 to paragraph 1, point aa Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Paragraph 1, point n — part 3 Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 6 to paragraph 1, after point l Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 30 to paragraph 1, point l Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | ECR |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 47 to paragraph 1, after point i Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | ECR |
| 30 Apr 2026 | Final vote on the draft Council decision Convention Establishing an International Claims Commission for Ukraine | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 30 Apr 2026 | Amendment 6 to paragraph 2 Shortcomings and deficiencies of the ‘Amnesty Law’ in Venezuela | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 30 Apr 2026 | Amendment 1 to paragraph 4 New Chinese law on ‘ethnic unity and progress’ and the intensified suppression of ethnic identities | For | Against | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 2, adding text after recital BE Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 10, adding text after recital G Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 26 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendments 114 + 100 (voted as one), adding text after recital 22 Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical products | For | Against | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 92, adding text after recital 15 Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical products | For | Against | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 91, adding text after recital 15 Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical products | For | Against | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 105 to Article 2, paragraph 1, point 2, point b Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical products | For | Against | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 96 to Article 2, paragraph 1, point 2, point b Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical products | For | Against | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 95 to Article 2, paragraph 1, point 2, point a Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical products | For | Against | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 104 to Article 2, paragraph 1, point 2, point a, point i Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical products | For | Against | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 117 to Article 2, paragraph 1, point 2, point a, point i Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical products | For | Against | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 3 to paragraph 41 Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Court of Justice of the European Union | Against | For | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 57 to paragraph 146 Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament | Against | For | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Paragraph 138 — part 1 Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 27, adding text after paragraph 1 Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Parliament | Against | Abstained | ECR |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 11 to paragraph 9 Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 53, adding text after paragraph 50 Guidelines for the 2027 budget - Section III | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 63 to paragraph 46 Guidelines for the 2027 budget - Section III | For | Against | ECR |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 54 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 36 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 13 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 10 to paragraph 12 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Extension of the term of office of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield Final vote Extension of the term of office of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | Abstained | Against | ECR |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 11 Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) | For | Against | ECR |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 29 to Article 1 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application | Abstained | For | ECR |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 36, adding text before Article 1; Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application | For | Against | ECR |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 35, adding text before Article 1; Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application | For | Against | ECR |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 34, adding text before Article 1; Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application | For | Against | ECR |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 30, adding text before Article 1; Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 — part 1 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application | For | Against | ECR |
By member, 1
Members with at least one vote where their group had a clear line. Order: by rate, for members with at least 300 clear-line votes (the rest follow by name) — not a ranking.
| Member | Against the line | Clear-line votes | Opposite | Abstained | Other | With own party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Şerban Dimitrie STURDZA , ECR · Romania | 9.7 % | 1 417 | 75 | 55 | 7 | 76 |
About these figures
What was counted, what was left out, and how.
- 1 755 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
- 62 of 247 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
- A vote counts against the group’s line when the group’s clear line — at least two thirds of its votes cast, with at least 10 members voting — was different from the member’s position; a divided group has no line to vote against (method). This is a different rule from group loyalty, which uses the majority line (loyalty).
- Ordered by rate, only members with at least 300 votes where their group had a clear line are compared; fewer votes make a rate unstable, and below 50 the figure is shown as a count.
- Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
- Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
- Methods: Voted against the group’s clear line v1, Voted with the group’s majority line v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
- Data as of 25 Sept 2026, 03:36 UTC (data stamp f37e5638cded, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
Sources & citation
Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.
- Data source
- Licensed CC BY 4.0.
- Data version
- data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
- Retrieved
- 25 September 2026
Cite as
EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · 25 Mar 2026 – 25 Sept 2026 · Şerban Dimitrie STURDZA”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2026-03-25&mep=257119&scope=all&to=2026-09-25 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-25,
author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
title = {{Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · 25 Mar 2026 – 25 Sept 2026 · Şerban Dimitrie STURDZA}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2026-03-25&mep=257119&scope=all&to=2026-09-25}},
url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2026-03-25&mep=257119&scope=all&to=2026-09-25},
urldate = {2026-09-25},
publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}