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Member

Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA

Patriots · Spain

Group
Patriots PfE
Country
Spain
Roll-call participation
94.9 %ⓘ of 293 roll calls in office · chamber median 91.5 % · 2025, final votes
With majority line
73.7 %ⓘ of 278 votes where the group had a line · Patriots median 81.0 %
More facts (5)
National party
VOX
In office
Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line
45 of 222 votesⓘ
Committees
ENVI, LIBE, SEDE (substitute)
Member id
197829
More

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Roll-call participation ⓘ

94.9 %

278 of 293 final votes while in office

Patriots median: 92.7 % (+2.1 pts)

Chamber median: 91.5 %

With majority line ⓘ

73.7 %

205 of 278 votes where their group had a line

Patriots median: 81.0 % (−7.3 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

20.3 %

45 of 222 votes where their group had a clear line

22 opposite (for ↔ against), 20 abstained against the line, 3 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

20.1 %

56 of 278 votes cast

Participation 94.9 % — Patriots median 92.7 %, 88 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
Participation among the 88 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureParticipation
Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA94.9 %
Patriots median92.7 %
Lowest in the group47.1 %
Highest in the group100.0 %
Members88
With majority line 73.7 % — Patriots median 81.0 %, 87 members.ⓘ
Data as a table
With majority line among the 87 members of the Patriots with enough votes.
FigureWith majority line
Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA73.7 %
Patriots median81.0 %
Lowest in the group59.8 %
Highest in the group94.2 %
Members87
  • 2025, 293 final votes; 293 of 371 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of Patriots; no ranks.
  • “No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
  • A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 5 928

Export

Every roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
DateDecision and voteResultPositionMajority line
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 339 for, 225 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026Strengthening global health resilience in partner countries Final vote — text as a wholeAdopted 319 for, 142 against, 19 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 73, adding text after recital H 181 for, 399 against, 2 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 16, adding text after recital G 252 for, 326 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Recital F — part 3 381 for, 190 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Recital F — part 2 338 for, 233 against, 9 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Recital F — part 1 524 for, 48 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 58 to recital E 84 for, 484 against, 8 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 57, adding text after recital D 193 for, 389 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 56 to recital D 89 for, 494 against, 3 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendments 14 + 59 (voted as one), adding text after recital C 204 for, 381 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 61, adding text after recital C 215 for, 366 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 60, adding text after recital C 209 for, 378 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 55 to recital C 95 for, 486 against, 11 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 72, adding text after recital B 345 for, 242 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Separate vote on recital A 459 for, 120 against, 10 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 42, adding text after citation 5 439 for, 128 against, 30 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 40, adding text after citation 1 392 for, 132 against, 62 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 79, adding text after paragraph 15 448 for, 137 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 14 — part 2 297 for, 267 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 14 — part 1 304 for, 268 against, 21 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 71 to paragraph 14 92 for, 496 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 77, adding text after paragraph 13 330 for, 250 against, 16 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 70, adding text after paragraph 13 93 for, 493 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 39, adding text after paragraph 13 257 for, 331 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Paragraph 13 — part 2 351 for, 232 against, 3 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 69 to paragraph 13 195 for, 392 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 53, adding text after paragraph 12 390 for, 143 against, 64 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Paragraph 12 — part 4 441 for, 147 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Paragraph 12 — part 3 427 for, 166 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 36 to paragraph 12 231 for, 355 against, 12 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 34, adding text after paragraph 11 261 for, 335 against, 4 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 52 to paragraph 11 259 for, 336 against, 7 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 10 to paragraph 11 208 for, 382 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 68 to paragraph 11 235 for, 358 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 51, adding text after paragraph 10 277 for, 321 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Paragraph 10 — part 3 353 for, 240 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Paragraph 10 — part 2 363 for, 231 against, 7 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Paragraph 10 — part 1 390 for, 205 against, 4 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 67, adding text after paragraph 9 203 for, 392 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 9 266 for, 295 against, 37 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 50, adding text after paragraph 8 215 for, 335 against, 54 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 48 to paragraph 8 261 for, 316 against, 27 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 78, adding text after paragraph 7 395 for, 204 against, 5 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 76, adding text after paragraph 7 177 for, 418 against, 13 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 66, adding text after paragraph 7 204 for, 395 against, 5 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 7 202 for, 380 against, 18 abstainedPosition: For Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 30 to paragraph 7 253 for, 329 against, 22 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 65 to paragraph 7 91 for, 503 against, 9 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders Amendment 29 to paragraph 6 261 for, 340 against, 6 abstainedPosition: Against Majority line: Against

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 3 of 38 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within Patriots

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN PatriotsSpain100 % of 5 602 shared74 %
Juan Carlos GIRAUTA VIDAL PatriotsSpain99 % of 5 128 shared74 %
Mireia BORRÁS PABÓN PatriotsSpain99 % of 5 319 shared74 %
Jorge MARTÍN FRÍAS PatriotsSpain99 % of 4 286 shared74 %
Hermann TERTSCH PatriotsSpain97 % of 4 196 shared74 %
Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ PatriotsPortugal83 % of 5 372 shared74 %
Anna BRYŁKA changed group PatriotsPoland81 % of 4 963 shared74 %
Vilis KRIŠTOPANS PatriotsLatvia81 % of 5 150 shared74 %
Tomasz BUCZEK changed group PatriotsPoland81 % of 5 123 shared74 %
António TÂNGER CORRÊA PatriotsPortugal80 % of 4 743 shared74 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
SelectMemberGroupCountryAgreementBaseline
Guillaume PELTIER ECRFrance80 % of 4 858 shared68 %
Laurence TROCHU ECRFrance80 % of 5 404 shared68 %
Marion MARÉCHAL ECRFrance79 % of 4 800 shared68 %
Nicolas BAY ECRFrance79 % of 5 064 shared68 %
Sarah KNAFO ESNFrance77 % of 4 226 shared70 %
Stephen Nikola BARTULICA ECRCroatia76 % of 4 695 shared68 %
Jaak MADISON ECREstonia76 % of 4 775 shared68 %
Roberto VANNACCI changed group ESNItaly76 % of 2 168 shared68 %
Tobiasz BOCHEŃSKI ECRPoland75 % of 4 874 shared68 %
Małgorzata GOSIEWSKA ECRPoland75 % of 5 077 shared68 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
BodyRoleFromTo
Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember20 Jan 2025now
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE CommitteeMember19 Jul 2024now
Committee on Security and DefenceSEDE CommitteeSubstitute23 Jan 2025now
Special Committee on the Housing Crisis in the European UnionHOUS Special committeeSubstitute23 Jan 2025now
Delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries and the Arab Maghreb Union, including the EU-Morocco, EU-Tunisia and EU-Algeria Joint Parliamentary CommitteesDMAG DelegationMember19 Sept 2024now
Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the MediterraneanDMED Parliamentary assemblyMember19 Sept 2024now
Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and CountrysideIG10-04 Intergroup / working groupMember4 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Christians in the Middle EastIG10-07 Intergroup / working groupMember20 Feb 2025now
Intergroup on Sustainable LivestockIG10-15 Intergroup / working groupMember31 Jan 2025now
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food SafetyENVI CommitteeMember19 Jul 202419 Jan 2025

Show all 11 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
DossierRoleCommitteeDate
EU Emissions Trading System: heat and fuel benchmark values for 2026–2030Shadow rapporteurENVI15 Sept 2026
Conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Agreement in respect of Gibraltar between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the other partShadow rapporteur for an opinionLIBE15 Sept 2026
EU Emissions Trading System: heat and fuel benchmark values for 2026–2030Shadow rapporteurENVI10 Sept 2026
Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation FundShadow rapporteurENVI16 Mar 2026
Establishing the Union support for asylum, migration and integration for the period from 2028 to 2034Shadow rapporteurLIBE6 Feb 2026
No dossier namedOfficial delegationLIBE13 Jan 2026
the 2023 Implementation report on the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation AgreementShadow rapporteurENVI12 Feb 2025
Protection of groundwater against pollution and environmental quality standards in the field of water policy (2022/0344(COD))Shadow rapporteurENVI29 Nov 2024
Commission's 2024 Rule of Law reportShadow rapporteur for an opinionLIBE14 Nov 2024
INI on a revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing worldShadow rapporteur for an opinionLIBE30 Oct 2024

Show all 12 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

94 contributions recorded; 17 on behalf of their group; 135 minutes of speaking time.

Show all 40 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 125

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
DateTitleKindAnswer
15 Sept 2026Migrant invasion in Ceuta: much-needed vigilance E-10-2026-003663Written questionwith 7 co-authorsNot yet answered
14 Sept 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect the EU’s external borders B-10-2026-0408Motion for a resolutionwith 2 co-authors—
3 Sept 2026Immediate termination of funding to Morocco E-10-2026-003483Written questionNot yet answered
3 Sept 2026Report by Spanish police demonstrating involvement of Moroccan security forces in the attack in Ceuta P-10-2026-003478Priority written questionNot yet answered
31 Aug 2026Radical NGO distributes weapons to illegal immigrants E-10-2026-003386Written questionNot yet answered
26 Aug 2026Spanish Government plans to transfer illegal immigrants to the mainland P-10-2026-003344Priority written questionwith 5 co-authorsNot yet answered
31 Jul 2026MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors—
29 Jul 2026Temporary VAT exemptions for those affected by forest fires E-10-2026-003165Written questionNot yet answered
16 Jul 2026Constitutional coup by Péter Magyar’s government E-10-2026-003035Written questionwith 42 co-authors11 Sept 2026
15 Jul 2026Spain’s ‘Grandchildren’s law’ and breach of European Union law P-10-2026-002930Priority written question27 Aug 2026

Show all 125 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 103

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Show all 103 amendment documents

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

National delegation

  • Delegation Spain National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA”. Member record. memberId 197829. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197829?period=2025&scope=final&vscope=all (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197829. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197829?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-member-197829,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197829?period=2025&scope=final&vscope=all}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197829?period=2025&scope=final&vscope=all},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197829. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197829. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}