Decision
Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and Russia
- Effect
- Adopted
- Result
- 390 for · 135 against · 52 abstained roll call
- Date
- 28 November 2024, 12:18–12:27
- Kind
- Resolution
More facts (9)
- Margin
- by a large majority
- Dossier
- 2024/2940(RSP)
- Source
- Motion for a resolution
- Topics
- Foreign affairsDefence & security Assigned by a model, not checked by hand.
- Votes
- 45 votes · 26 roll calls · 11 amendments
- Requested by
- The Left (1 roll call, 3 split votes) · S&D (1 split vote) · Renew (1 roll call) · ECR (1 roll call, 1 separate vote) · Patriots (1 roll call, 1 split vote, 1 separate vote) · ESN (1 roll call, 5 split votes, 1 separate vote)
- Sitting
- Thursday 28 November 2024
- Final vote
- 170917
Result
The final vote and what it means for this kind of decision.
Final vote: 390 for, 135 against, 52 abstained (roll call).
Adopted by a large majority.
Parliament adopted the text as its official position.
Before the final vote, MEPs decided on 11 amendments (1 adopted, 10 rejected) and 26 parts of the text voted on separately (25 adopted, 1 lapsed). 7 alternative motions lapsed once the text was adopted.
Backed by Greens, S&D, Renew, EPP and ECR; opposed by The Left, Patriots and ESN.
Groups
| Group | For | Against | Abst. | No vote | Majority line | Clear line | Cohesion | Bar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Left | For 5 | Against 29 | Abst. 5 | No vote 7 of 46 | Majority line Against | Clear line Against | Cohesion 0.62 | |
| Greens | For 44 | Against 3 | Abst. 4 | No vote 2 of 53 | Majority line For | Clear line For | Cohesion 0.79 | |
| S&D | For 92 | Against 6 | Abst. 7 | No vote 31 of 136 | Majority line For | Clear line For | Cohesion 0.81 | |
| Renew | For 60 | Against 0 | Abst. 1 | No vote 16 of 77 | Majority line For | Clear line For | Cohesion 0.98 | |
| EPP | For 134 | Against 0 | Abst. 10 | No vote 44 of 188 | Majority line For | Clear line For | Cohesion 0.90 | |
| ECR | For 52 | Against 5 | Abst. 6 | No vote 15 of 78 | Majority line For | Clear line For | Cohesion 0.74 | |
| Patriots | For 0 | Against 51 | Abst. 17 | No vote 18 of 86 | Majority line Against | Clear line Against | Cohesion 0.63 | |
| ESN | For 1 | Against 19 | Abst. 2 | No vote 3 of 25 | Majority line Against | Clear line Against | Cohesion 0.80 | |
| No group | For 2 | Against 22 | Abst. 0 | No vote 6 of 30 | Majority line — | Clear line No line | Cohesion — |
Members who changed group are counted in the group of the day: Branko GRIMS changed group, Diego SOLIER changed group, Elena YONCHEVA changed group, Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group, Ewa ZAJĄCZKOWSKA-HERNIK changed group, Fernand KARTHEISER changed group, Jessika VAN LEEUWEN changed group, Laurent CASTILLO changed group, Lukas SIEPER changed group, Malika SOREL changed group, Milan MAZUREK changed group, Nikola BARTŮŠEK changed group, Nikolas FARANTOURIS changed group, Nora JUNCO GARCÍA changed group, Pina PICIERNO changed group, Roberto VANNACCI changed group, Sander SMIT changed group, Taner KABILOV changed group.
Voted against their group, 72
Members who voted otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds of the votes cast, at least 10 members voting) of the group they sat in that day. A group without a clear line is divided and not counted.
The Left line Against · 5 voted for, 5 abstained of 39 who voted
Voted for (5)
- Hanna GEDIN Sweden
- Jonas SJÖSTEDT Sweden
- Jussi SARAMO Finland
- Merja KYLLÖNEN Finland
- Per CLAUSEN Denmark
Abstained (5)
- Kathleen FUNCHION Ireland
- Luke Ming FLANAGAN Ireland
- Lynn BOYLAN Ireland
- Sebastian EVERDING Germany
- Younous OMARJEE France
Greens line For · 3 voted against, 4 abstained of 51 who voted
Voted against (3)
- Ana MIRANDA PAZ Spain
- Jaume ASENS LLODRÀ Spain
- Vicent MARZÀ IBÁÑEZ Spain
Abstained (4)
- Benedetta SCUDERI Italy
- Lena SCHILLING Austria
- Leoluca ORLANDO Italy
- Thomas WAITZ Austria
S&D line For · 6 voted against, 7 abstained of 105 who voted
Voted against (6)
- Alex AGIUS SALIBA Malta
- Daniel ATTARD Malta
- François KALFON France
- Kristian VIGENIN Bulgaria
- Thomas BAJADA Malta
- Tsvetelina PENKOVA Bulgaria
Abstained (7)
- Cecilia STRADA Italy
- Elisabeth GROSSMANN Austria
- Evelyn REGNER Austria
- Günther SIDL Austria
- Hannes HEIDE Austria
- Marco TARQUINIO Italy
- Matjaž NEMEC Slovenia
Renew line For · 1 abstained of 61 who voted
Abstained (1)
- Michael MCNAMARA Ireland
EPP line For · 10 abstained of 144 who voted
Abstained (10)
- Branko GRIMS Slovenia
- Christophe GOMART France
- David CASA Malta
- Isabelle LE CALLENNEC France
- Iuliu WINKLER Romania
- Laurent CASTILLO France
- Loránt VINCZE Romania
- Peter AGIUS Malta
- Reinhold LOPATKA Austria
- Sophia KIRCHER Austria
ECR line For · 5 voted against, 6 abstained of 63 who voted
Voted against (5)
- Adrian-George AXINIA Romania
- Emmanouil FRAGKOS Greece
- Fernand KARTHEISER Luxembourg
- Galato ALEXANDRAKI Greece
- Georgiana TEODORESCU Romania
Abstained (6)
- Claudiu-Richard TÂRZIU Romania
- Gheorghe PIPEREA Romania
- Laurence TROCHU France
- Marion MARÉCHAL France
- Şerban Dimitrie STURDZA Romania
- Sergio BERLATO Italy
Patriots line Against · 17 abstained of 68 who voted
Abstained (17)
- Anders VISTISEN Denmark
- António TÂNGER CORRÊA Portugal
- Auke ZIJLSTRA Netherlands
- Barbara BONTE Belgium
- Hermann TERTSCH Spain
- Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA Spain
- Jorge MARTÍN FRÍAS Spain
- Juan Carlos GIRAUTA VIDAL Spain
- Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN Spain
- Marieke EHLERS Netherlands
- Mireia BORRÁS PABÓN Spain
- Rachel BLOM Netherlands
- Sebastiaan STÖTELER Netherlands
- Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ Portugal
- Tom VANDENDRIESSCHE Belgium
- Ton DIEPEVEEN Netherlands
- Vilis KRIŠTOPANS Latvia
ESN line Against · 1 voted for, 2 abstained of 22 who voted
Voted for (1)
- Petras GRAŽULIS Lithuania
Abstained (2)
- Ewa ZAJĄCZKOWSKA-HERNIK Poland
- Sarah KNAFO France
Countries
The final vote by national delegation.
Votes by country (27 delegations)
| Country | For | Against | Abst. | No vote | Cohesion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 2 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 0.36 |
| Belgium | 17 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.78 |
| Bulgaria | 9 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0.54 |
| Cyprus | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | — |
| Czechia | 9 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 0.29 |
| Germany | 49 | 23 | 1 | 23 | 0.51 |
| Denmark | 11 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0.88 |
| Estonia | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Spain | 43 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 0.67 |
| Finland | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1.00 |
| France | 33 | 36 | 7 | 5 | 0.21 |
| Greece | 3 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 0.63 |
| Croatia | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.00 |
| Hungary | 2 | 7 | 0 | 12 | — |
| Ireland | 2 | 0 | 4 | 8 | — |
| Italy | 40 | 13 | 5 | 18 | 0.53 |
| Lithuania | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 |
| Luxembourg | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | — |
| Latvia | 5 | 0 | 1 | 3 | — |
| Malta | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — |
| Netherlands | 21 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0.71 |
| Poland | 42 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 0.84 |
| Portugal | 16 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.70 |
| Romania | 11 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 0.37 |
| Sweden | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1.00 |
| Slovenia | 4 | 0 | 2 | 3 | — |
| Slovakia | 7 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0.25 |
Members
Each member’s recorded position on the final roll call, in the group they sat in that day. Filter by country, group, position or name.
Debate speakers and how they voted
No plenary speech is linked to this dossier.
All votes on this decision, 45
| No. | Vote | Recorded | Result | Requested by |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 2 RC-B10-0191/2024 – After § 2 – Am 3 | Roll call | 139 for, 431 against, 34 abstained Rejected | Requested byroll call: The Left |
| 2 | Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 2 RC-B10-0191/2024 – After § 2 – Am 4 | Roll call | 128 for, 411 against, 64 abstained Rejected | Requested byroll call: The Left |
| 3 | Separate vote on paragraph 3 | Show of hands | Adopted | Requested byseparate: ESN |
Show the other 44 votesShow the other 42 votes
| No. | Vote | Recorded | Result | Requested by |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 2 RC-B10-0191/2024 – After § 2 – Am 4 | Roll call | 128 for, 411 against, 64 abstained Rejected | Requested byroll call: The Left |
| 3 | Separate vote on paragraph 3 | Show of hands | Adopted | Requested byseparate: ESN |
| No. | Vote | Recorded | Result | Requested by |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 4 RC-B10-0191/2024 – After § 4 – Am 8 | Roll call | 135 for, 412 against, 58 abstained Rejected | Requested byroll call: ESN |
| 5 | Separate vote on paragraph 4 | Show of hands | Adopted | Requested bysplit: ESN |
| 6 | Paragraph 4 — part 2 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 4/2 Part voted on: “those words” | Roll call | 443 for, 73 against, 70 abstained Adopted | Requested byroll call: ESN; split: ESN |
| 7 | Separate vote on paragraph 5 | Show of hands | Adopted | Requested bysplit: The Left |
| 8 | Paragraph 5 — part 2 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 5/2 Part voted on: ‘regrets the German Chancellor’s recent phone call with Vladimir Putin;’ | Roll call | 323 for, 184 against, 95 abstained Adopted | Requested byroll call: The Left; split: The Left |
| 9 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 5 RC-B10-0191/2024 – After § 5 – Am 9 | Roll call | 115 for, 439 against, 29 abstained Rejected | Requested byroll call: ESN |
| 10 | Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 11 RC-B10-0191/2024 – After § 11 – Am 10 | Roll call | 82 for, 435 against, 57 abstained Rejected | Requested byroll call: ESN |
| 11 | Paragraph 13 — part 1 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 13/1 Part voted on: “Calls for the EU and its Member States to further strengthen their military support for Ukraine,” | Roll call | 415 for, 98 against, 85 abstained Adopted | Requested bysplit: The Left, S&D, Patriots, ESN |
| 12 | Paragraph 13 — part 2 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 13/2 Part voted on: “including through the provision of aircraft, long-range missiles,” | Roll call | 380 for, 160 against, 52 abstained Adopted | Requested bysplit: The Left, S&D, Patriots, ESN |
| 13 | Paragraph 13 — part 3 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 13/3 Part voted on: “including Taurus missiles,” | Roll call | 304 for, 229 against, 51 abstained Adopted | Requested bysplit: The Left, S&D, Patriots, ESN |
| 14 | Paragraph 13 — part 4 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 13/4 Part voted on: ‘modern air defence systems, including Patriots and SAMP/T, and ammunition, as well as MANPADS, artillery and training programmes for Ukrainian forces,’ without the words ‘including Patriots and SAMP/T,’ | Roll call | 462 for, 92 against, 38 abstained Adopted | Requested bysplit: The Left, S&D, Patriots, ESN |
| 15 | Paragraph 13 — part 5 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 13/5 Part voted on: “including Patriots and SAMP/T,” | Roll call | 354 for, 178 against, 63 abstained Adopted | Requested bysplit: The Left, S&D, Patriots, ESN |
| 16 | Paragraph 13 — part 1 of 2 Part voted on: “Calls for the EU and its Member States to further strengthen their military support for Ukraine,” | Show of hands | Adopted | Requested bysplit: The Left, S&D, Patriots, ESN |
| 17 | Paragraph 13 — part 2 of 2 Part voted on: “including through the provision of aircraft, long-range missiles,” | Show of hands | Adopted | Requested bysplit: The Left, S&D, Patriots, ESN |
| 18 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 13 RC-B10-0191/2024 – After § 13 – Am 5 | Roll call | 158 for, 390 against, 51 abstained Rejected | Requested byroll call: The Left |
| 19 | Amendment 12 to paragraph 14 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 14 – Am 12 | Roll call | 435 for, 121 against, 41 abstained Adopted | Requested byroll call: ECR |
| 20 | Separate vote on paragraph 14 | Show of hands | Lapsed | Requested byseparate: ESN |
| 21 | Separate vote on paragraph 16 | Show of hands | Adopted | Requested bysplit: ESN |
| 22 | Paragraph 16 — part 2 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 16/2 Part voted on: “those words” | Roll call | 419 for, 138 against, 32 abstained Adopted | Requested byroll call: ESN; split: ESN |
| 23 | Separate vote on paragraph 17 | Show of hands | Adopted | Requested bysplit: ESN |
| 24 | Paragraph 17 — part 2 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 17/2 Part voted on: ‘calls to urgently intensify the review of EU Member States’ trade with Central Asian countries, as well as with Türkiye and Azerbaijan, among others, as they are clearly used in EU sanctions evasion;’ | Roll call | 464 for, 74 against, 54 abstained Adopted | Requested byroll call: ESN; split: ESN |
| 25 | Paragraph 19 — part 1 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 19/1 Part voted on: ‘Welcomes US President Joe Biden’s decision to allow Ukraine to use advanced rocket systems on military targets within Russian territory,’ | Roll call | 371 for, 156 against, 69 abstained Adopted | Requested byroll call: ESN; split: The Left; separate: ECR, Patriots |
| 26 | Paragraph 19 — part 2 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 19/2 Part voted on: ‘highlighting that this authorisation respects Ukraine’s legitimate right to self-defence under Article 51 of the UN Charter;’ | Roll call | 383 for, 128 against, 78 abstained Adopted | Requested byroll call: ESN; split: The Left; separate: ECR, Patriots |
| 27 | Paragraph 19 — part 3 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 19/3 Part voted on: “calls for the EU and its Member States to adopt similar measures,” | Roll call | 370 for, 170 against, 49 abstained Adopted | Requested byroll call: ESN; split: The Left; separate: ECR, Patriots |
| 28 | Paragraph 19 — part 4 RC-B10-0191/2024 – § 19/4 Part voted on: ‘removing restrictions on the use of military systems for legitimate defensive operations beyond Ukraine’s borders to deter further Russian aggression;’ | Roll call | 377 for, 161 against, 52 abstained Adopted | Requested byroll call: ESN; split: The Left; separate: ECR, Patriots |
| 29 | Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 19 RC-B10-0191/2024 – After § 19 – Am 6 | Roll call | 171 for, 404 against, 24 abstained Rejected | Requested byroll call: The Left |
| 30 | Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 19 RC-B10-0191/2024 – After § 19 – Am 7 | Roll call | 71 for, 490 against, 37 abstained Rejected | Requested byroll call: The Left |
| 31 | Paragraph 23 — part 1 of 2 Part voted on: “Reiterates its call for the EU and its Member States to take more substantive steps towards establishing creative solutions under a sound legal regime allowing for the confiscation of Russian state-owned assets frozen by the EU,” | Show of hands | Adopted | Requested bysplit: ESN |
| 32 | Paragraph 23 — part 2 of 2 Part voted on: ‘and for their use to address the various implications of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, including the prevention of further destruction and loss of life, reconstruction of the country and compensation for the victims of Russia’s aggression; stresses that any future claim by Russia to these assets may only be settled after an overall consideration of the outstanding reparations due to Ukraine; stresses the importance of the Ukraine Facility as a mechanism for long-term financial support, reconstruction and recovery efforts, and urges its swift and efficient implementation; calls on the Commission to propose long-term financial assistance beyond 2027 for the reconstruction of Ukraine, building on the experience of the Ukraine Facility;’ | Show of hands | Adopted | Requested bysplit: ESN |
| 33 | Separate vote on paragraph 29 | Show of hands | Adopted | Requested byseparate: ESN |
| 34 | Separate vote on recital A | Show of hands | Adopted | |
| 35 | Separate vote on recital N RC-B10-0191/2024 – Recital N | Roll call | 412 for, 80 against, 97 abstained Adopted | Requested byroll call: Patriots |
| 36 | Amendment 1, adding text after recital T RC-B10-0191/2024 – After recital T – Am 1 | Roll call | 166 for, 382 against, 41 abstained Rejected | Requested byroll call: The Left |
| 37 | Amendment 2, adding text after recital T RC-B10-0191/2024 – After recital T – Am 2 | Roll call | 97 for, 456 against, 33 abstained Rejected | Requested byroll call: The Left |
| 38 | Final vote — text as a whole RC-B10-0191/2024 – Motion for a resolution (as a whole) | Roll call | 390 for, 135 against, 52 abstained Adopted | Requested byroll call: The Left, Renew |
| 39 | Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0189/2024 | Show of hands | Lapsed | |
| 40 | Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0191/2024 | Show of hands | Lapsed | |
| 41 | Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0192/2024 | Show of hands | Lapsed | |
| 42 | Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0193/2024 | Show of hands | Lapsed | |
| 43 | Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0195/2024 | Show of hands | Lapsed | |
| 44 | Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0198/2024 | Show of hands | Lapsed | |
| 45 | Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0200/2024 | Show of hands | Lapsed |
Roll calls requested by The Left, Renew, ECR, Patriots, ESN · split votes by The Left (3), S&D, Patriots, ESN (5) · separate votes by ECR, Patriots, ESN.
Text
The text voted on.
AI: What this vote decides Written by AI from the official text — check the source
Parliament adopted a resolution on reinforcing EU support for Ukraine against Russia's war of aggression and on the growing military cooperation between Russia and North Korea.
The text condemns Russia's aggression, demands withdrawal of its forces, and calls for continued EU aid, including military support, until Ukraine's victory.
It also condemns North Korea's arms transfers and troop deployment, urging the international community to act and EU member states to strengthen sanctions.
AI: The text in short Written by AI from the official text — check the source
This resolution condemns Russia's war against Ukraine and North Korea's military support for Russia, urging the EU to maintain support for Ukraine until victory.
Dossier
Where the dossier stands and its other decisions in plenary.
2024/2940(RSP) · Resolution on a topical subject
Parliament adopted the text on 28 November 2024. This is its final position on the matter.
Show the 3 steps of the dossier
- Tabled for plenary (done)
- Plenary vote · Adopted 28 November 2024 (done)
- Parliament’s position · Final (done)
Connections
What this decision touches: the procedural chain, the same text, running issues, votes that split the chamber the same way.
Show 11 connections: Running issue: Russia's war against Ukraine · Final votes that split the chamber the same way
Running issue: Russia's war against Ukraine
- Issue Russia's war against Ukraine Running issue · Conflict 16 Sept 2026
- Decision Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure Resolution · report by Rasa Juknevičienė 16 Sept 2026 Adopted
- Decision Draft amending budget No 2/2026: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure Budget decision · report by Andrzej Halicki 15 Sept 2026 Passed
- Decision 2025 Commission report on Ukraine Resolution · report by Michael Gahler 8 Jul 2026 Adopted
- Decision Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland Resolution · motion for a resolution 18 Jun 2026 Adopted
- Decision Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution · report by Andrey Kovatchev 20 May 2026 Adopted
Final votes that split the chamber the same way
- Decision Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Resolution · motion for a resolution 19 Sept 2024 Adopted
- Decision 2023 and 2024 reports on Ukraine Resolution · report by Michael Gahler 9 Sept 2025 Adopted
- Decision The need for the EU's continuous support for Ukraine Resolution · motion for a resolution 17 Jul 2024 Adopted
- Decision 2025 Commission report on Ukraine Resolution · report by Michael Gahler 8 Jul 2026 Adopted
- Decision Regulation implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the Ukraine Support Loan for 2026 and 2027 New EU law 11 Feb 2026 Passed
Sources & citation
Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.
- Official sources
- Data source
- Licensed CC BY 4.0.
- Retrieved
- 25 September 2026
Cite as
European Parliament (2024). “Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and Russia”. Decision, 28 November 2024. votingId 170917, document B-10-2024-0192, reference 2024/2940(RSP). EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/decisions/2024-11-28/5 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official sources: Roll-call votes, sitting of 28 November 2024 (European Parliament), https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/PV-10-2024-11-28-RCV_EN.html; Results of votes, sitting of 28 November 2024 (European Parliament), https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/PV-10-2024-11-28-VOT_EN.html. Data: EP Open Data API: decisions of the sitting MTG-PL-2024-11-28, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meetings/MTG-PL-2024-11-28/decisions?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0).
BibTeX
@misc{epw-decision-2024-11-28-5,
author = {{European Parliament}},
title = {{Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and Russia}},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-11-28},
howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/decisions/2024-11-28/5}},
url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/decisions/2024-11-28/5},
urldate = {2026-09-25},
publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
note = {Decision. votingId 170917, document B-10-2024-0192, reference 2024/2940(RSP). Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/PV-10-2024-11-28-RCV\_EN.html, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/PV-10-2024-11-28-VOT\_EN.html. Data: EP Open Data API: decisions of the sitting MTG-PL-2024-11-28 (CC BY 4.0)}
}