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Votes against the group’s line

All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · Rudi KENNES

Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and did they vote with their national party when they did?

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Period Term202420252026Last 6 months
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928
Order Highest rate firstBy name

Showing Rudi KENNES only. Show every member

Rudi KENNES’s votes against the line, 142

Every vote in the selection where the member’s position differed from their group’s clear line, newest first.

Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
17 Sept 2026Amendment 30 to paragraph 7 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersAgainstForThe Left
17 Sept 2026Paragraph 2 — part 2 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersAbstainedForThe Left
17 Sept 2026Separate vote on paragraph 3 Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong following the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tungAbstainedForThe Left
16 Sept 2026Final vote on the draft Council decision EU-Norway Agreement on the participation of Norway in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity ProgrammeAbstainedForThe Left
16 Sept 2026Final vote on the draft Council decision EU-Iceland Agreement on the participation of Iceland in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity ProgrammeAbstainedForThe Left
15 Sept 2026Amendment 1 to paragraph 4 Draft amending budget No 2/2026: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditureAbstainedForThe Left
8 Jul 2026Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 108 2025 Commission report on UkraineAgainstForThe Left
7 Jul 2026Final vote — text as a whole A coherent tax framework for the EU’s financial sectorAgainstAbstainedThe Left
7 Jul 2026Final vote — text as a whole Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025AbstainedAgainstThe Left
17 Jun 2026Separate vote on recital J 2025 Commission report on North MacedoniaAbstainedForThe Left
17 Jun 2026Final vote on the motion for a resolution EU–Liberia Voluntary Partnership Agreement on forest law enforcement, governance and trade in timber products: termination (Resolution)AgainstForThe Left
20 May 2026Final vote — text as a whole Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU responseAbstainedForThe Left
20 May 2026Separate vote on citation 7 Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU responseAgainstForThe Left
20 May 2026Separate vote on paragraph 6 Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU responseAgainstForThe Left
20 May 2026Separate vote on paragraph 2 Rule of law, fundamental rights and misuse of EU funds in Slovakia: the need for an EU responseAgainstForThe Left
30 Apr 2026Final vote on the draft Council decision Convention Establishing an International Claims Commission for UkraineAbstainedForThe Left
30 Apr 2026Amendment 2 to paragraph 5 Shortcomings and deficiencies of the ‘Amnesty Law’ in VenezuelaAgainstAbstainedThe Left
30 Apr 2026Amendment 1 to paragraph 4 New Chinese law on ‘ethnic unity and progress’ and the intensified suppression of ethnic identitiesAgainstForThe Left
29 Apr 2026Amendment 6 to paragraph 30 Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Council and CouncilAbstainedAgainstThe Left
29 Apr 2026Amendment 2 to paragraph 30 Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Council and CouncilAbstainedAgainstThe Left
29 Apr 2026Amendment 14 to paragraph 75 Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European ParliamentAgainstForThe Left
29 Apr 2026Amendment 39 to paragraph 120, after point vii Discharge 2024: EU general budget – CommissionAbstainedAgainstThe Left
28 Apr 2026Amendment 3, adding text after Recital B — part 2 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Amendment 3, adding text after Recital B — part 1 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 25 — part 2 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 25 — part 1 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 25 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024AgainstForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 25 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Amendment 54, adding text after paragraph 3 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Amendment 16 to paragraph 3 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024AgainstForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 2 — part 2 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 2 — part 1 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 120 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AgainstForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 117 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AgainstForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 116 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AgainstForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 115 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AgainstForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Paragraph 109 — part 2 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AgainstForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Paragraph 109 — part 1 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AbstainedForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 108 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AgainstForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 107 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AgainstForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 106 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AgainstForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 105 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AgainstForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 54 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AbstainedForThe Left
28 Apr 2026Paragraph 4 — part 3 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AgainstForThe Left
11 Mar 2026Final vote — text as a whole European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2026AgainstForThe Left
10 Mar 2026Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 4 The upcoming European Research Area (ERA) ActAgainstForThe Left
12 Feb 2026Paragraph 1, point s — part 1 Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of WomenAgainstForThe Left
20 Jan 2026Amendment 158 Framework for strengthening the availability and security of supply of critical medicinal products as well as the availability of, and accessibility of, medicinal products of common interestAgainstForThe Left
27 Nov 2025Paragraph 252 — part 4 Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation AgreementAbstainedForThe Left
26 Nov 2025Separate vote on paragraph 31 Protection of minors onlineAgainstForThe Left
Show all 142 votes
Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
26 Nov 2025Final vote — text as a whole Draft amending budget No 3/2025: adjustment in payment appropriations, update of revenues and other technical updatesAbstainedForThe Left
25 Nov 2025Separate vote on citation 11 Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report)AbstainedForThe Left
25 Nov 2025Separate vote on citation 10 Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report)AbstainedForThe Left
25 Nov 2025Paragraph 22 — part 2 Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report)AbstainedForThe Left
25 Nov 2025Paragraph 12 — part 1 Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report)AbstainedForThe Left
25 Nov 2025Paragraph 8 — part 1 Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report)AbstainedForThe Left
13 Nov 2025Amendment 68 to Article 1 Framework for achieving climate neutralityForAgainstThe Left
23 Oct 2025Recital J — part 2 Renewing the EU-Africa partnership: building common priorities ahead of the Angola SummitForAgainstThe Left
22 Oct 2025Recital Q — part 2 Situation in Belarus, five years after the fraudulent presidential electionsAgainstForThe Left
22 Oct 2025Separate vote on paragraph 12 Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiationsAgainstForThe Left
22 Oct 2025Paragraph 4 — part 2 Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiationsAbstainedForThe Left
22 Oct 2025Amendment 1 to recital A Discharge 2023: AgenciesForAgainstThe Left
22 Oct 2025Amendment 177 to paragraph 79, after point l General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsAgainstForThe Left
21 Oct 2025Referral back to committee Standing Forest and Forestry Expert GroupForAgainstThe Left
9 Oct 2025Separate vote on paragraph 5 Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2024ForAgainstThe Left
8 Oct 2025Separate vote on paragraph 4 Draft amending budget No 2/2025: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditureAbstainedForThe Left
11 Sept 2025Separate vote on paragraph 19 Gaza at breaking point: EU action to combat famine and the urgent need to release hostages and move towards a two-state solutionAbstainedForThe Left
10 Sept 2025Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 3 Future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policyAbstainedAgainstThe Left
9 Sept 2025Amendment 47 to paragraph 67 Public procurementAbstainedForThe Left
9 Sept 2025Amendment 37 to paragraph 67 Public procurementAbstainedForThe Left
9 Sept 2025Amendment 18 to paragraph 67 Public procurementAbstainedForThe Left
9 Sept 2025Amendment 42, adding text after paragraph 2 Public procurementAbstainedAgainstThe Left
10 Jul 2025Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 26 Future of the EU biotechnology and biomanufacturing sector: leveraging research, boosting innovation and enhancing competitivenessAbstainedAgainstThe Left
9 Jul 2025Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 3 The human cost of Russia’s war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression: the situation of illegally detained civilians and prisoners of war, and the continued bombing of civiliansAbstainedForThe Left
8 Jul 2025Paragraph 49 — part 2 Security of energy supply in the EUAbstainedForThe Left
8 Jul 2025Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 2 Security of energy supply in the EUAbstainedAgainstThe Left
19 Jun 2025Amendment 3 to recital G Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in MaliForAgainstThe Left
19 Jun 2025Separate vote on paragraph 6 Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in MaliAbstainedForThe Left
19 Jun 2025Final vote — text as a whole Case of Ahmadreza Djalali in IranAbstainedForThe Left
19 Jun 2025Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 5 Case of Ahmadreza Djalali in IranAbstainedAgainstThe Left
18 Jun 2025Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 37 2023 and 2024 reports on MoldovaAbstainedAgainstThe Left
18 Jun 2025Amendment 10 to paragraph 16 2023 and 2024 reports on MoldovaAbstainedAgainstThe Left
18 Jun 2025Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 10 2023 and 2024 reports on MoldovaAbstainedAgainstThe Left
18 Jun 2025Amendment 8 to paragraph 9 2023 and 2024 reports on MoldovaAbstainedAgainstThe Left
18 Jun 2025Separate vote on paragraph 8 2023 and 2024 reports on MoldovaAbstainedForThe Left
18 Jun 2025Amendment 7 to paragraph 7 2023 and 2024 reports on MoldovaAbstainedAgainstThe Left
18 Jun 2025Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 2 2023 and 2024 reports on MoldovaAbstainedAgainstThe Left
18 Jun 2025Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 1 2023 and 2024 reports on MoldovaAbstainedAgainstThe Left
18 Jun 2025Amendment 4 to paragraph 1 2023 and 2024 reports on MoldovaAbstainedAgainstThe Left
18 Jun 2025Final vote — text as a whole The Commission’s 2024 Rule of Law reportAbstainedForThe Left
16 Jun 2025Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the PPE, S&D and Renew groups Final vote Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the PPE, S&D and Renew groupsAgainstAbstainedThe Left
7 May 2025Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 1 2023 and 2024 reports on KosovoAbstainedAgainstThe Left
7 May 2025Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 37 A revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing worldAbstainedAgainstThe Left
7 May 2025Final vote — text as a whole Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Commission, executive agencies and European Development FundsAgainstForThe Left
3 Apr 2025Paragraph 7 — part 2 Immediate risk of further repression by Lukashenka’s regime in Belarus - threats from the Investigative CommitteeAbstainedForThe Left
2 Apr 2025Amendment 26 to recital U Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
2 Apr 2025Amendment 53 to paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 39 to recital F The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in SyriaAbstainedAgainstThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 38 to recital D The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in SyriaAbstainedAgainstThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 24, adding text after recital E White paper on the future of European defenceAbstainedForThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 76 to paragraph 71 — part 2 White paper on the future of European defenceAbstainedForThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 76 to paragraph 71 — part 1 White paper on the future of European defenceAbstainedForThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 9, adding text after recital U Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggressionAbstainedAgainstThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 8, adding text after recital U Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggressionAbstainedAgainstThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 7, adding text after recital U Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggressionAbstainedAgainstThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 6, adding text after recital U Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggressionAbstainedAgainstThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 26 to paragraph 23 Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggressionAbstainedForThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 19 to paragraph 5 Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggressionAbstainedForThe Left
12 Mar 2025Separate vote on paragraph 2 Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggressionAbstainedForThe Left
12 Mar 2025Amendment 3 to paragraph 4 European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025AgainstForThe Left
12 Feb 2025Council draft Final vote VAT: rules for the digital ageAbstainedForThe Left
11 Feb 2025Paragraph 27 — part 2 European Central Bank – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
11 Feb 2025Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 26 European Central Bank – annual report 2024AbstainedForThe Left
23 Jan 2025Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 14 Russia’s disinformation and historical falsification to justify its war of aggression against UkraineAbstainedAgainstThe Left
23 Jan 2025Paragraph 10 — part 5 Russia’s disinformation and historical falsification to justify its war of aggression against UkraineAbstainedForThe Left
23 Jan 2025Paragraph 7 — part 2 Systematic repression of human rights in Iran, notably the cases of Pakhshan Azizi and Wrisha Moradi, and the taking of EU citizens as hostagesAbstainedForThe Left
19 Dec 2024Final vote — text as a whole Continued repression of civil society and independent media in Azerbaijan and the cases of Dr Gubad Ibadoghlu, Anar Mammadli, Kamran Mammadli, Rufat Safarov and Meydan TVAbstainedForThe Left
19 Dec 2024Separate vote on paragraph 6 Continued repression of civil society and independent media in Azerbaijan and the cases of Dr Gubad Ibadoghlu, Anar Mammadli, Kamran Mammadli, Rufat Safarov and Meydan TVAbstainedForThe Left
19 Dec 2024Amendment 1 to paragraph 6 Continued repression of civil society and independent media in Azerbaijan and the cases of Dr Gubad Ibadoghlu, Anar Mammadli, Kamran Mammadli, Rufat Safarov and Meydan TVAbstainedAgainstThe Left
28 Nov 2024Amendment 12, adding text after recital H Recommendation on smoke- and aerosol-free environmentsAbstainedAgainstThe Left
28 Nov 2024Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 1 Recommendation on smoke- and aerosol-free environmentsAbstainedAgainstThe Left
27 Nov 2024Final vote on the motion for a resolution Draft amending budget No 5/2024: adjustment in payment appropriations, update of revenues and other technical updatesAbstainedForThe Left
27 Nov 2024Final vote Amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 as regards VanuatuAbstainedForThe Left
14 Nov 2024Final vote Electronic value added tax exemption certificateAgainstForThe Left
24 Oct 2024Final vote — text as a whole Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with ArmeniaAbstainedForThe Left
24 Oct 2024Paragraph 10 — part 2 Situation in Azerbaijan, violation of human rights and international law and relations with ArmeniaAbstainedForThe Left
23 Oct 2024Amendment 61, adding text after paragraph 15 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsAbstainedForThe Left
23 Oct 2024Separate vote on paragraph 15 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsAbstainedForThe Left
23 Oct 2024Separate vote on paragraph 12 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsAbstainedForThe Left
23 Oct 2024Amendment 314 Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sectionsAbstainedForThe Left
23 Oct 2024Amendment 693 Draft general budget of the European Union for 2025 – all sectionsAbstainedForThe Left
22 Oct 2024Final vote — text as a whole 2022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and CouncilAbstainedForThe Left
22 Oct 2024Paragraph 16 — part 2 2022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and CouncilAbstainedForThe Left
22 Oct 2024Final vote — text as a whole Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agenciesAbstainedForThe Left
22 Oct 2024Paragraph 4 — part 2 Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agenciesAbstainedForThe Left
22 Oct 2024Final vote — text as a whole Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023AbstainedForThe Left
22 Oct 2024Separate vote on paragraph 6 Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023AbstainedForThe Left
22 Oct 2024Final vote Establishing the Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism and providing exceptional macro-financial assistance to UkraineAbstainedForThe Left
19 Sept 2024Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 5 The devastating floods in central and eastern Europe, the loss of lives and the EU’s preparedness to act on such disasters exacerbated by climate changeForAgainstThe Left
19 Sept 2024Amendment 25 to citation 2 Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member StatesForAgainstThe Left
19 Sept 2024Amendment 11 to recital P Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member StatesAbstainedForThe Left
17 Jul 2024Paragraph 4 — part 1 The need for the EU's continuous support for UkraineAbstainedForThe Left

By member, 1

Members with at least one vote where their group had a clear line. Order: by rate, for members with at least 300 clear-line votes (the rest follow by name) — not a ranking.

Against the line: votes against the group’s clear line ÷ clear-line votes (votes where the member’s group at the date had a clear line and the member voted); a count below 50. Of the votes against: opposite (for ↔ against), abstained against the line, other (for or against when the line was to abstain), and with own party — with the majority of their national party’s members in the group (at least two voting).
MemberAgainst the lineClear-line votesOppositeAbstainedOtherWith own party
Rudi KENNES , The Left · Belgium 2.6 %5 3703910030

About these figures

What was counted, what was left out, and how.

  • 5 928 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
  • 174 of 794 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
  • A vote counts against the group’s line when the group’s clear line — at least two thirds of its votes cast, with at least 10 members voting — was different from the member’s position; a divided group has no line to vote against (method). This is a different rule from group loyalty, which uses the majority line (loyalty).
  • Ordered by rate, only members with at least 300 votes where their group had a clear line are compared; fewer votes make a rate unstable, and below 50 the figure is shown as a count.
  • Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
  • Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
  • Methods: Voted against the group’s clear line v1, Voted with the group’s majority line v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
  • Data as of 25 Sept 2026, 03:36 UTC (data stamp f37e5638cded, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
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Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=256890&to=2026-09-25
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · Rudi KENNES”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=256890&to=2026-09-25 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-25,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · Rudi KENNES}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=256890&to=2026-09-25}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=256890&to=2026-09-25},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}