Analysis
Votes against the group’s line
All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Stéphanie YON-COURTIN
Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and did they vote with their national party when they did?
Showing Stéphanie YON-COURTIN only. Show every member
Stéphanie YON-COURTIN’s votes against the line, 139
Every vote in the selection where the member’s position differed from their group’s clear line, newest first.
| Date | Vote | Position | Clear line | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 Sept 2026 | Paragraph 80 — part 2 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | Against | For | Renew |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 32, adding text after paragraph 19 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | For | Against | Renew |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 1 to paragraph 4 Draft amending budget No 2/2026: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure | For | Against | Renew |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 6, adding text after Recital J 2025 Commission report on North Macedonia | For | Against | Renew |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 46 2025 Commission report on Albania | Against | For | Renew |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 31 to paragraph 40 2025 Commission report on Türkiye | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Final vote Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast) | For | Against | Renew |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Proposal to vote on amendments Common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union (Return Regulation) | Against | For | Renew |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Final vote on the provisional agreement Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Final vote on the provisional agreement Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods | Against | For | Renew |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Final vote on the provisional agreement Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America | Against | For | Renew |
| 21 May 2026 | Paragraph 56 — part 1 The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forward | Against | For | Renew |
| 21 May 2026 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 36 — part 1 The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forward | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 21 May 2026 | Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 36 The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forward | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 21 May 2026 | Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 36 The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forward | For | Against | Renew |
| 21 May 2026 | Paragraph 9 — part 1 The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forward | Against | For | Renew |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 28 to paragraph 1, point ap Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | Abstained | Against | Renew |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 35 to paragraph 1, point ae Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | Against | For | Renew |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 53 to paragraph 1, after point aa Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | Against | For | Renew |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 32 to paragraph 1, after point aa Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | Against | For | Renew |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 30 to paragraph 1, point l Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | Against | For | Renew |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 42 The impact of the implementation of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive 2014/89/EU on fisheries in selected fishing areas and sea basins | Abstained | Against | Renew |
| 30 Apr 2026 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 4 Ensuring accountability and justice in response to Russia’s continued attacks against the civilian population in Ukraine | Against | Abstained | Renew |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 56, adding text after paragraph 59 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | Renew |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 9 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | Renew |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Paragraph 2 — part 2 Discharge 2024: Agencies | Against | For | Renew |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 63 Discharge 2024: European Public Prosecutor’s Office | For | Against | Renew |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 40 to paragraph 160, after point vii Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Commission | For | Against | Renew |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 35 The role of ocean diplomacy for the competitiveness of EU fisheries and aquaculture | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 35 The role of ocean diplomacy for the competitiveness of EU fisheries and aquaculture | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 60, adding text after paragraph 32 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Final vote Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 107 to Article 1 Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) | For | Against | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 82 Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) | Against | For | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 81 Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) | Against | For | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Proposal to reject the text Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods | For | Against | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Motion for adjournment of vote Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods | For | Against | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Final vote Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America | Against | For | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Proposal to reject the text Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America | For | Against | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Motion for adjournment of vote Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America | For | Against | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 32, adding text after recital 4 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application | Against | For | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 29 to Article 1 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application | For | Against | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 36, adding text before Article 1; Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application | Against | For | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 34, adding text before Article 1; Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application | Against | For | Renew |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 30, adding text before Article 1; Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 — part 1 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of application | Against | For | Renew |
| 25 Mar 2026 | Thursday's agenda — Request by the Verts/ALE Group — Request for withdrawal from voting time Final vote Thursday's agenda – Request by the Verts/ALE Group – Request for withdrawal from voting time | Against | For | Renew |
| 11 Mar 2026 | Paragraph 28 — part 2 European Semester for economic policy coordination 2026 | Against | For | Renew |
| 12 Feb 2026 | Amendment 1, adding text after recital D Systemic oppression, inhumane conditions and arbitrary detentions by the regime in Iran | For | Against | Renew |
| 11 Feb 2026 | Final vote — text as a whole EU strategic defence and security partnerships | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 22 Jan 2026 | Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 103 European technological sovereignty and digital infrastructure | For | Against | Renew |
Show all 139 votes
| Date | Vote | Position | Clear line | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 Jan 2026 | Amendment 1 to paragraph 2 Choice of performance indicators for audit and budgetary control in the context of financing measures to support the implementation of future European competitiveness | For | Against | Renew |
| 21 Jan 2026 | Separate vote on recital AJ Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025 | Against | For | Renew |
| 21 Jan 2026 | Amendment 64 to recital AJ Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025 | For | Against | Renew |
| 21 Jan 2026 | Amendment 81, adding text after paragraph 60 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025 | Abstained | Against | Renew |
| 18 Dec 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Decarbonisation and modernisation of EU fisheries, and the development and deployment of fishing gear | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 16 Dec 2025 | Amendment 85 to Article 9 Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products | For | Against | Renew |
| 16 Dec 2025 | Amendment 84 to Article 6 Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products | For | Against | Renew |
| 27 Nov 2025 | Amendments 2 + 20 (voted as one), adding text after paragraph 26 Escalation of the war and the humanitarian catastrophe in Sudan | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 27 Nov 2025 | Amendment 1 to paragraph 87 EU strategy for the rights of persons with disabilities post-2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Final vote Exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association Process | Against | For | Renew |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Amendment 115 to Article 4 Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements | Against | For | Renew |
| 23 Oct 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 38 UN Climate Change Conference 2025 in Belém, Brazil (COP30) | Against | For | Renew |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Paragraph 4 — part 6 Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations | Against | For | Renew |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Paragraph 4 — part 5 Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiations | Against | For | Renew |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 56 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Against | For | Renew |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 55 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Against | For | Renew |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 52, adding text after paragraph 26 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | For | Against | Renew |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 75, adding text after paragraph 22 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | For | Against | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 29 EU political strategy on Latin America | Against | For | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 113 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | For | Against | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 145 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | For | Against | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 141 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | Against | For | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 139 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | Against | For | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 138 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | Against | For | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Separate vote on Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | For | Against | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 137 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | Against | For | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 144 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | For | Against | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 135 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | Against | For | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 133 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | Against | For | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 132 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | Against | For | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Separate vote on Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | For | Against | Renew |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 131 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | Against | For | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 23, adding text after recital AG Public procurement | For | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 2, adding text after recital N Public procurement | Abstained | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 1, adding text after recital N Public procurement | Abstained | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 82 Public procurement | For | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 67 Public procurement | Abstained | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 47 to paragraph 67 Public procurement | For | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 37 to paragraph 67 Public procurement | For | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 18 to paragraph 67 Public procurement | For | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 36 to paragraph 65 Public procurement | For | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 34 to paragraph 65 Public procurement | For | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 64 Public procurement | For | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 24, adding text after paragraph 63 Public procurement | For | Against | Renew |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 46, adding text after paragraph 56 Public procurement | For | Against | Renew |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Amendment 2 to paragraph 4 The human cost of Russia’s war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression: the situation of illegally detained civilians and prisoners of war, and the continued bombing of civilians | For | Abstained | Renew |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Amendment 2 to paragraph 3 Draft amending budget No 1/2025: entering the surplus of the financial year 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 19 Jun 2025 | Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 6 Clean Industrial Deal | Abstained | Against | Renew |
| 19 Jun 2025 | Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 6 Clean Industrial Deal | Abstained | Against | Renew |
| 19 Jun 2025 | Amendment 24 — part 2 Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability | Against | For | Renew |
| 19 Jun 2025 | Amendment 3 to recital G Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in Mali | For | Against | Renew |
| 17 Jun 2025 | Amendment 186 to Article 3, after paragraph 2 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) | For | Against | Renew |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 27, adding text after paragraph 37 Old challenges and new commercial practices in the internal market | For | Against | Renew |
| 8 May 2025 | Paragraph 30 — part 2 Old challenges and new commercial practices in the internal market | Against | For | Renew |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 22, adding text after paragraph 2 — part 1 Old challenges and new commercial practices in the internal market | Against | For | Renew |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 23 2023 and 2024 reports on Türkiye | For | Against | Renew |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 44, adding text after paragraph 18 2023 and 2024 reports on Türkiye | Abstained | Against | Renew |
| 3 Apr 2025 | Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 39 Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament | Against | Abstained | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 90, adding text after paragraph 43 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 119, adding text after paragraph 24 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 84, adding text after paragraph 24 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 74 to paragraph 10 — part 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 74 to paragraph 10 — part 1 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 69 to paragraph 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 55, adding text after paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 1 to paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 64 to paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Paragraph 48 — part 2 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 | Against | For | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 30 to paragraph 8 — part 2 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 30 to paragraph 8 — part 1 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 27 to paragraph 4, after indent 6 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Renew |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 24 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | For | Against | Renew |
| 13 Mar 2025 | Paragraph 16 — part 2 Social and employment aspects of restructuring processes: the need to protect jobs and workers’ rights | For | Against | Renew |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Amendment 13, adding text after recital K European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025 | For | Against | Renew |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 35 European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025 | For | Against | Renew |
| 19 Dec 2024 | Paragraph 1, point q — part 1 Recommendation to the Council on the EU priorities for the 69th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women | Against | For | Renew |
| 19 Dec 2024 | Amendment 2 to paragraph 1, after point a Recommendation to the Council on the EU priorities for the 69th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women | For | Against | Renew |
| 28 Nov 2024 | Amendment 15 to paragraph 4 Recommendation on smoke- and aerosol-free environments | For | Against | Renew |
| 23 Oct 2024 | Amendment 16 to paragraph 92 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections | For | Against | Renew |
| 23 Oct 2024 | Amendment 67, adding text after paragraph 91 — part 1 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections | Against | For | Renew |
| 23 Oct 2024 | Amendment 74, adding text after paragraph 90 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections | Abstained | For | Renew |
| 23 Oct 2024 | Separate vote on paragraph 88 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections | Against | For | Renew |
| 23 Oct 2024 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 34 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections | For | Against | Renew |
| 23 Oct 2024 | Amendment 60, adding text after paragraph 15 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections | Abstained | Against | Renew |
| 23 Oct 2024 | Amendment 58, adding text after paragraph 15 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections | For | Against | Renew |
| 19 Sept 2024 | Amendment 5 to paragraph 2 Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States | For | Against | Renew |
| 19 Sept 2024 | Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 6 The case of José Daniel Ferrier García in Cuba | Abstained | Against | Renew |
| 19 Sept 2024 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 6 The case of José Daniel Ferrier García in Cuba | Abstained | Against | Renew |
By member, 1
Members with at least one vote where their group had a clear line. Order: by rate, for members with at least 300 clear-line votes (the rest follow by name) — not a ranking.
| Member | Against the line | Clear-line votes | Opposite | Abstained | Other | With own party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stéphanie YON-COURTIN , Renew · France | 2.9 % | 4 773 | 112 | 24 | 3 | 86 |
About these figures
What was counted, what was left out, and how.
- 5 928 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
- 174 of 794 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
- A vote counts against the group’s line when the group’s clear line — at least two thirds of its votes cast, with at least 10 members voting — was different from the member’s position; a divided group has no line to vote against (method). This is a different rule from group loyalty, which uses the majority line (loyalty).
- Ordered by rate, only members with at least 300 votes where their group had a clear line are compared; fewer votes make a rate unstable, and below 50 the figure is shown as a count.
- Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
- Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
- Methods: Voted against the group’s clear line v1, Voted with the group’s majority line v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
- Data as of 25 Sept 2026, 03:36 UTC (data stamp f37e5638cded, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
Sources & citation
Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.
- Data source
- Licensed CC BY 4.0.
- Data version
- data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
- Retrieved
- 26 September 2026
Cite as
EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Stéphanie YON-COURTIN”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=197581&to=2026-09-26 (retrieved 26 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-26,
author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
title = {{Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Stéphanie YON-COURTIN}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=197581&to=2026-09-26}},
url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=197581&to=2026-09-26},
urldate = {2026-09-26},
publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}