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Votes against the group’s line

All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Bernard GUETTA

Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and did they vote with their national party when they did?

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Period Term202420252026Last 6 months
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928
Order Highest rate firstBy name

Showing Bernard GUETTA only. Show every member

Bernard GUETTA’s votes against the line, 147

Every vote in the selection where the member’s position differed from their group’s clear line, newest first.

Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
17 Sept 2026Recital F — part 3 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersAgainstForRenew
17 Sept 2026Recital F — part 1 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersAgainstForRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 61, adding text after recital C The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersForAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Paragraph 10 — part 1 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersAgainstForRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 1 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersForAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 13 to recital C — part 2 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersForAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 13 to recital C — part 1 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersForAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 14 to paragraph 2 — part 2 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersForAgainstRenew
17 Sept 2026Amendment 14 to paragraph 2 — part 1 Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officersForAgainstRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendment 3 to recital 11 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendment 29 to Article 11 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendment 5 to Article 3, paragraph 1, point a, after point 1 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendments 26 + 31 + 6 + 21 (voted as one) to Article 3, paragraph 1, point a — part 3 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendments 26 + 31 + 4 (voted as one) to Article 3, paragraph 1, point a — part 2 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendments 26 + 31 + 4 (voted as one) to Article 3, paragraph 1, point a — part 1 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
9 Jul 2026Amendment 30 to Article 1, after paragraph 2 Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directiveAgainstForRenew
8 Jul 2026Paragraph 101 — part 1 2025 Commission report on UkraineAbstainedForRenew
8 Jul 2026Final vote on the draft Council decision EU-Morocco Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation setting out the terms and conditions for the participation of Morocco in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA): amendment and supplementAgainstForRenew
7 Jul 2026Amendment 1 to paragraph 3 A new strategy for media literacy and digital learningForAgainstRenew
6 Jul 2026Monday’s agenda — Request by the ECR Group — Italy and Denmark Final vote Monday’s agenda – Request by the ECR Group – Italy and DenmarkAgainstForRenew
18 Jun 2026Final vote — text as a whole Political repression and humanitarian situation in CubaAbstainedForRenew
18 Jun 2026Amendment 13, adding text after recital A Political repression and humanitarian situation in CubaForAgainstRenew
18 Jun 2026Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 4 Political repression and humanitarian situation in CubaForAgainstRenew
18 Jun 2026Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 4 Political repression and humanitarian situation in CubaForAgainstRenew
18 Jun 2026Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 Political prisoners in Nicaragua – the cases of Carlos Brenes, Salvadora del Socorro Martínez Aburto and Brooklyn RiveraForAgainstRenew
17 Jun 2026Amendment 31 to paragraph 40 2025 Commission report on TürkiyeAbstainedForRenew
16 Jun 2026Final vote on the provisional agreement Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)AbstainedForRenew
16 Jun 2026Final vote on the provisional agreement Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goodsAgainstForRenew
16 Jun 2026Final vote on the provisional agreement Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of AmericaAgainstForRenew
21 May 2026Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 36 — part 1 The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forwardAbstainedForRenew
21 May 2026Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 36 The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forwardAbstainedForRenew
21 May 2026Decision to open negotiations with the Council Final vote Amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 on securitisation and a specific framework for simple, transparent and standardised securitisationAbstainedForRenew
21 May 2026Decision to open negotiations with the Council Final vote Amending Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions as regards requirements for securitisation exposuresAbstainedForRenew
20 May 2026Amendment 28 to paragraph 1, point ap Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyForAgainstRenew
20 May 2026Amendment 53 to paragraph 1, after point aa Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyAgainstForRenew
30 Apr 2026Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 4 Ensuring accountability and justice in response to Russia’s continued attacks against the civilian population in UkraineAgainstAbstainedRenew
29 Apr 2026Recital W — part 1 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025AgainstForRenew
29 Apr 2026Amendment 8 Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sectorAbstainedForRenew
29 Apr 2026Amendment 40 to paragraph 160, after point vii Discharge 2024: EU general budget – CommissionForAgainstRenew
28 Apr 2026Paragraph 26 — part 2 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034AgainstForRenew
12 Mar 2026Amendment 39, adding text after paragraph 17 Activities of the European Ombudsman – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
10 Mar 2026Recital O — part 2 Housing crisis in the European Union with the aim of proposing solutions for decent, sustainable and affordable housingAgainstForRenew
24 Feb 2026Amendment 20, adding text after recital F Four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for UkraineForAgainstRenew
24 Feb 2026Amendment 22, adding text after paragraph 5 Four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for UkraineForAgainstRenew
12 Feb 2026Amendment 1 to recital D World Cancer DayAgainstForRenew
12 Feb 2026Amendment 7 to paragraph 1, point s Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of WomenForAgainstRenew
12 Feb 2026Amendment 5, adding text after recital F Systemic oppression, inhumane conditions and arbitrary detentions by the regime in IranForAgainstRenew
12 Feb 2026Amendment 1, adding text after recital D Systemic oppression, inhumane conditions and arbitrary detentions by the regime in IranForAgainstRenew
11 Feb 2026Final vote — text as a whole EU strategic defence and security partnershipsAbstainedForRenew
9 Feb 2026Wednesday’s agenda — Request by The Left Group — Israel Final vote Wednesday’s agenda – Request by The Left Group – IsraelForAgainstRenew
Show all 147 votes
Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
9 Feb 2026Tuesday’s agenda — Request by the Renew Group — Ukraine Final vote Tuesday’s agenda – Request by the Renew Group – UkraineAgainstForRenew
21 Jan 2026Separate vote on recital AJ Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AgainstForRenew
21 Jan 2026Amendment 64 to recital AJ Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025ForAgainstRenew
21 Jan 2026Amendment 37, adding text after paragraph 78 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025ForAgainstRenew
21 Jan 2026Amendment 81, adding text after paragraph 60 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025ForAgainstRenew
21 Jan 2026Amendment 26 to paragraph 42 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AgainstForRenew
21 Jan 2026Final vote on motion B10-0061/2026 Request for opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA) and Interim Trade Agreement (ITA)ForAgainstRenew
16 Dec 2025Final vote on the provisional agreement Corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirementsAbstainedForRenew
16 Dec 2025Amendment 81 to recital 2 Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural productsForAgainstRenew
16 Dec 2025Amendment 85 to Article 9 Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural productsForAgainstRenew
16 Dec 2025Amendment 84 to Article 6 Bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural productsForAgainstRenew
15 Dec 2025Tuesday’s agenda — Request by The Left Group (tanker) Final vote Tuesday’s agenda – Request by The Left Group (tanker)ForAgainstRenew
27 Nov 2025Amendments 2 + 20 (voted as one), adding text after paragraph 26 Escalation of the war and the humanitarian catastrophe in SudanAbstainedForRenew
13 Nov 2025Referral back to committee Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirementsAgainstForRenew
13 Nov 2025Amendment 169 to Article 4 Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirementsForAgainstRenew
22 Oct 2025Amendment 52, adding text after paragraph 26 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
22 Oct 2025Amendment 75, adding text after paragraph 22 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
22 Oct 2025Amendment 130, adding text after paragraph 18 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Separate vote on paragraph 29 EU political strategy on Latin AmericaAbstainedForRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 146 to recital 15 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 145 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 141 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 139 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 138 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Separate vote on Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 137 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 144 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 135 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 133 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 132 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
8 Oct 2025Separate vote on Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstRenew
8 Oct 2025Amendment 131 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 23, adding text after recital AG Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 2, adding text after recital N Public procurementAbstainedAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 1, adding text after recital N Public procurementAbstainedAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 82 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 67 Public procurementAbstainedAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 47 to paragraph 67 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 37 to paragraph 67 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 18 to paragraph 67 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 36 to paragraph 65 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 34 to paragraph 65 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 64 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 24, adding text after paragraph 63 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 63 Public procurementAbstainedAgainstRenew
9 Sept 2025Amendment 46, adding text after paragraph 56 Public procurementForAgainstRenew
10 Jul 2025Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 5 Urgent need to protect religious minorities in Syria following the recent terrorist attack on Mar Elias Church in DamascusAgainstAbstainedRenew
10 Jul 2025Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 4 Urgent need to protect religious minorities in Syria following the recent terrorist attack on Mar Elias Church in DamascusForAgainstRenew
9 Jul 2025Amendment 2 to paragraph 4 The human cost of Russia’s war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression: the situation of illegally detained civilians and prisoners of war, and the continued bombing of civiliansForAbstainedRenew
8 Jul 2025Recital I — part 1 Security of energy supply in the EUAgainstForRenew
19 Jun 2025Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 6 Clean Industrial DealAbstainedAgainstRenew
19 Jun 2025Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 6 Clean Industrial DealForAgainstRenew
19 Jun 2025Amendment 24 — part 2 Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceabilityAgainstForRenew
19 Jun 2025Final vote — text as a whole Case of Ahmadreza Djalali in IranAgainstForRenew
18 Jun 2025Amendment 8 to paragraph 9 2023 and 2024 reports on MoldovaForAgainstRenew
18 Jun 2025Final vote — text as a whole 2023 and 2024 reports on MontenegroAbstainedForRenew
18 Jun 2025Amendment 4 to recital B 2023 and 2024 reports on MontenegroAbstainedAgainstRenew
18 Jun 2025Amendment 3 to recital A 2023 and 2024 reports on MontenegroAbstainedAgainstRenew
18 Jun 2025Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 60 2023 and 2024 reports on MontenegroAbstainedForRenew
18 Jun 2025Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 60 2023 and 2024 reports on MontenegroAbstainedForRenew
18 Jun 2025Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 50 2023 and 2024 reports on MontenegroAbstainedAgainstRenew
18 Jun 2025Amendment 7 to paragraph 44 2023 and 2024 reports on MontenegroAbstainedAgainstRenew
18 Jun 2025Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 2 2023 and 2024 reports on MontenegroAbstainedAgainstRenew
18 Jun 2025Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 1 2023 and 2024 reports on MontenegroAbstainedAgainstRenew
17 Jun 2025Amendment 186 to Article 3, after paragraph 2 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast)ForAgainstRenew
3 Apr 2025Amendment 2 to paragraph 40 Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European ParliamentAbstainedForRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 90, adding text after paragraph 43 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 119, adding text after paragraph 24 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 84, adding text after paragraph 24 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 74 to paragraph 10 — part 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 74 to paragraph 10 — part 1 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 69 to paragraph 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 55, adding text after paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 1 to paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 64 to paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Paragraph 48 — part 2 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AgainstForRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 30 to paragraph 8 — part 2 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 30 to paragraph 8 — part 1 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstRenew
2 Apr 2025Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 24 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIForAgainstRenew
31 Mar 2025Tuesday's agenda — Request by the Verts/ALE Group Final vote Tuesday's agenda – Request by the Verts/ALE GroupForAgainstRenew
12 Mar 2025Amendment 54, adding text after paragraph 15 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstRenew
12 Mar 2025Amendment 4 to paragraph 7 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstRenew
12 Mar 2025Separate vote on paragraph 12 Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggressionAgainstForRenew
12 Mar 2025Amendment 13, adding text after recital K European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025ForAgainstRenew
12 Mar 2025Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 35 European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025ForAgainstRenew
23 Jan 2025Paragraph 2 — part 2 Situation in Venezuela following the usurpation of the presidency on 10 January 2025AgainstForRenew
28 Nov 2024Amendment 17 to paragraph 6 Recommendation on smoke- and aerosol-free environmentsForAgainstRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 16 to paragraph 92 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 67, adding text after paragraph 91 — part 1 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsAgainstForRenew
23 Oct 2024Separate vote on paragraph 88 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsAbstainedForRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 34 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 60, adding text after paragraph 15 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 58, adding text after paragraph 15 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
23 Oct 2024Amendment 57, adding text after paragraph 15 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sectionsForAgainstRenew
10 Oct 2024Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan AbbasForAgainstRenew
19 Sept 2024Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 6 The case of José Daniel Ferrier García in CubaForAgainstRenew
19 Sept 2024Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 6 The case of José Daniel Ferrier García in CubaForAgainstRenew

By member, 1

Members with at least one vote where their group had a clear line. Order: by rate, for members with at least 300 clear-line votes (the rest follow by name) — not a ranking.

Against the line: votes against the group’s clear line ÷ clear-line votes (votes where the member’s group at the date had a clear line and the member voted); a count below 50. Of the votes against: opposite (for ↔ against), abstained against the line, other (for or against when the line was to abstain), and with own party — with the majority of their national party’s members in the group (at least two voting).
MemberAgainst the lineClear-line votesOppositeAbstainedOtherWith own party
Bernard GUETTA , Renew · France 2.9 %5 0921143030

About these figures

What was counted, what was left out, and how.

  • 5 928 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
  • 174 of 794 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
  • A vote counts against the group’s line when the group’s clear line — at least two thirds of its votes cast, with at least 10 members voting — was different from the member’s position; a divided group has no line to vote against (method). This is a different rule from group loyalty, which uses the majority line (loyalty).
  • Ordered by rate, only members with at least 300 votes where their group had a clear line are compared; fewer votes make a rate unstable, and below 50 the figure is shown as a count.
  • Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
  • Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
  • Methods: Voted against the group’s clear line v1, Voted with the group’s majority line v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
  • Data as of 25 Sept 2026, 03:36 UTC (data stamp f37e5638cded, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
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Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=197543&to=2026-09-26
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Bernard GUETTA”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=197543&to=2026-09-26 (retrieved 26 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-26,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Bernard GUETTA}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=197543&to=2026-09-26}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=197543&to=2026-09-26},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}