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Votes against the group’s line

All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Marina KALJURAND

Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and did they vote with their national party when they did?

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Period Term202420252026Last 6 months
Custom dates
Votes Final votes620All roll calls5 928
Order Highest rate firstBy name

Showing Marina KALJURAND only. Show every member

Marina KALJURAND’s votes against the line, 153

Every vote in the selection where the member’s position differed from their group’s clear line, newest first.

Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
17 Sept 2026Amendment 72, adding text after recital B The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external bordersForAgainstS&D
17 Sept 2026Paragraph 63 — part 3 Impact of social media and the online environment on young peopleAgainstForS&D
17 Sept 2026Final vote — text as a whole Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí NavarroAbstainedAgainstS&D
16 Sept 2026Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified maize MON 87460AbstainedForS&D
16 Sept 2026Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified soybean MON 94313AbstainedForS&D
16 Sept 2026Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified soybean GMB151 x DAS-44406-6AbstainedForS&D
16 Sept 2026Amendment 7 to paragraph 35 Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructureAbstainedAgainstS&D
15 Sept 2026Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 40 The EU Youth Strategy 2019–2027ForAgainstS&D
8 Jul 2026Final vote — text as a whole Genetically modified maize DP202216 x NK603 x DAS-40278-9 and its sub-combinations DP 202216 x NK603, DP202216 x DAS-40278-9AbstainedForS&D
8 Jul 2026Final vote — text as a whole Genetically modified maize NK603 × T25AbstainedForS&D
8 Jul 2026Final vote — text as a whole Genetically modified soybean MON 87705AbstainedForS&D
7 Jul 2026Paragraph 16 — part 2 A new strategy for media literacy and digital learningAbstainedForS&D
7 Jul 2026Amendment 9 to paragraph 21 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2025ForAgainstS&D
18 Jun 2026Recital B — part 2 Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and FinlandForAgainstS&D
18 Jun 2026Vote on text inserted after recital C Deteriorating situation of political prisoners in Belarus, in particular the case of Aliaksandra PulinovichForAbstainedS&D
17 Jun 2026Amendment 1 to recital 34 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feedAgainstForS&D
17 Jun 2026Amendments 15 + 16 + 24 + 36 (voted as one), adding text after Article 37 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feedAgainstForS&D
17 Jun 2026Amendment 9 to Article 27, paragraph 1, point c Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feedAgainstForS&D
17 Jun 2026Amendment 8 to Article 9, paragraph 1, subparagraph 2, after point d Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feedAgainstForS&D
17 Jun 2026Amendment 6 to Article 6, paragraph 3, after point d Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feedAgainstForS&D
21 May 2026Amendment 6 to paragraph 17 The need to reduce work-related fatalitiesAgainstForS&D
20 May 2026Amendment 63 to paragraph 1, after point aj Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General AssemblyAgainstForS&D
19 May 2026Final vote on the provisional agreement Negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel marketAbstainedForS&D
30 Apr 2026Separate vote on paragraph 16 The need for targeted criminal provisions and platforms’ responsibility to effectively address cyberbullying and online harassmentAbstainedForS&D
30 Apr 2026Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 4 Ensuring accountability and justice in response to Russia’s continued attacks against the civilian population in UkraineAbstainedAgainstS&D
29 Apr 2026Amendment 51 to paragraph 171 Discharge 2024: EU general budget – CommissionAbstainedAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendment 5 to paragraph 40 Guidelines for the 2027 budget - Section IIIForAgainstS&D
28 Apr 2026Amendment 74 to paragraph 30 Guidelines for the 2027 budget - Section IIIForAgainstS&D
26 Mar 2026Final vote Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of applicationAgainstForS&D
26 Mar 2026Amendment 32, adding text after recital 4 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of applicationForAbstainedS&D
25 Mar 2026Thursday's agenda — Request by the Verts/ALE Group — Request for withdrawal from voting time Final vote Thursday's agenda – Request by the Verts/ALE Group – Request for withdrawal from voting timeForAgainstS&D
25 Mar 2026Wednesday’s agenda — Request by the PPE Group — Iran Final vote Wednesday’s agenda – Request by the PPE Group – IranForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2026Amendment 18 to paragraph 17 Activities of the European Ombudsman – annual report 2024AbstainedForS&D
11 Mar 2026Proposal to reject the text Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 as regards the extension of its period of applicationForAgainstS&D
12 Feb 2026Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 14 Addressing subcontracting chains and the role of intermediaries in order to protect workers’ rightsAgainstForS&D
12 Feb 2026Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 11 Addressing subcontracting chains and the role of intermediaries in order to protect workers’ rightsAgainstForS&D
12 Feb 2026Amendment 1, adding text after paragraph 3 Addressing subcontracting chains and the role of intermediaries in order to protect workers’ rightsAgainstForS&D
12 Feb 2026Separate vote on paragraph 3 Addressing subcontracting chains and the role of intermediaries in order to protect workers’ rightsAgainstForS&D
11 Feb 2026Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified cotton T304-40AbstainedForS&D
11 Feb 2026Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified cotton GHB614 × LLCotton25AbstainedForS&D
11 Feb 2026Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified maize T25 (ACS-ZMØØ3-2)AbstainedForS&D
11 Feb 2026Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified soybean DBN-09004-6AbstainedForS&D
22 Jan 2026Final vote — text as a whole Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in LithuaniaAbstainedForS&D
22 Jan 2026Recital Q — part 2 Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in LithuaniaAbstainedForS&D
22 Jan 2026Recital O — part 2 Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in LithuaniaAbstainedForS&D
22 Jan 2026Separate vote on recital K Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in LithuaniaAbstainedForS&D
22 Jan 2026Paragraph 11 — part 2 Attempted takeover of Lithuania’s public broadcaster and the threat to democracy in LithuaniaAbstainedForS&D
22 Jan 2026Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 29 Brutal repression against protesters in IranAbstainedForS&D
22 Jan 2026Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 1 Brutal repression against protesters in IranAbstainedForS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 21, adding text after paragraph 5 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2025AbstainedForS&D
Show all 153 votes
Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
21 Jan 2026Amendment 24 to paragraph 50 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025ForAgainstS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 2 — part 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025ForAgainstS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 63 to recital S Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AgainstForS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 40 to paragraph 89 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AbstainedAgainstS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 37, adding text after paragraph 78 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AbstainedForS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 82 to paragraph 77 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AbstainedAgainstS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 33, adding text after paragraph 76 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AbstainedForS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 69 to paragraph 75 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AbstainedForS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 67 to paragraph 51 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AbstainedForS&D
21 Jan 2026Amendment 5 to paragraph 3, subparagraph 1, after point b Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025AbstainedForS&D
17 Dec 2025Separate vote on recital M European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’AgainstForS&D
17 Dec 2025Paragraph 23 — part 2 European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needsAbstainedAgainstS&D
17 Dec 2025Final vote on the provisional agreement Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and tradersAbstainedAgainstS&D
27 Nov 2025Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 9 Escalation of the war and the humanitarian catastrophe in SudanAgainstAbstainedS&D
26 Nov 2025Recital J — part 2 Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818 as regards the definition of prohibited weaponsAbstainedForS&D
26 Nov 2025Final vote on the motion for a resolution Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818 as regards the definition of prohibited weaponsAgainstAbstainedS&D
26 Nov 2025Final vote — text as a whole Protection of minors onlineAbstainedForS&D
26 Nov 2025Paragraph 17 — part 1 Protection of minors onlineAgainstForS&D
26 Nov 2025Final vote Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and tradersAbstainedAgainstS&D
26 Nov 2025Amendments 64 + 129 (voted as one) to Article 1 Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and tradersAbstainedAgainstS&D
26 Nov 2025Amendments 63 + 128 (voted as one) to Article 1 Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and tradersAbstainedAgainstS&D
25 Nov 2025Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified maize MON 87427AbstainedForS&D
25 Nov 2025Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified soybean MON 87708AbstainedForS&D
25 Nov 2025Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified cotton MON 88913AbstainedForS&D
25 Nov 2025Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified oilseed rape MON 88302AbstainedForS&D
25 Nov 2025Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified maize DAS1131AbstainedForS&D
25 Nov 2025Final vote on the motion for a resolution Impact of artificial intelligence on the financial sectorAbstainedForS&D
13 Nov 2025Final vote Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT)AbstainedForS&D
13 Nov 2025Final vote on the motion for a resolution Opinion from the Court of Justice on the compatibility with the Treaties of the proposed Agreement on Digital Trade between the European Union and the Republic of SingaporeAbstainedAgainstS&D
13 Nov 2025Amendment 96 to Article 4 Certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirementsAgainstForS&D
13 Nov 2025Amendment 55, adding text after recital 3 Framework for achieving climate neutralityForAgainstS&D
13 Nov 2025Amendment 63 to Article 1 Framework for achieving climate neutralityAbstainedAgainstS&D
22 Oct 2025Amendment 172, adding text after paragraph 79 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsAbstainedForS&D
22 Oct 2025Amendment 163, adding text after paragraph 56 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsAbstainedAgainstS&D
22 Oct 2025Amendment 161, adding text after paragraph 56 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsAbstainedAgainstS&D
22 Oct 2025Amendment 129 to paragraph 54 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstS&D
22 Oct 2025Amendment 141, adding text after paragraph 53 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstS&D
22 Oct 2025Amendment 37, adding text after paragraph 53 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstS&D
22 Oct 2025Amendment 162, adding text after paragraph 53 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstS&D
22 Oct 2025Amendment 140, adding text after paragraph 53 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstS&D
22 Oct 2025Paragraph 27 — part 2 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsAgainstForS&D
22 Oct 2025Amendment 75, adding text after paragraph 22 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsAbstainedForS&D
22 Oct 2025Amendment 73, adding text after paragraph 22 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsAbstainedForS&D
22 Oct 2025Amendment 71, adding text after paragraph 22 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsAgainstForS&D
9 Oct 2025Amendment 6 to recital I Situation in Afghanistan: supporting women and communities affected by the recent earthquakesForAgainstS&D
8 Oct 2025Amendment 121, adding text after recital 3 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainForAgainstS&D
8 Oct 2025Amendment 147 to Article 1 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAgainstForS&D
9 Sept 2025Amendment 2, adding text after recital N Public procurementAbstainedForS&D
9 Sept 2025Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 67 Public procurementAgainstForS&D
9 Sept 2025Amendment 47 to paragraph 67 Public procurementAbstainedAgainstS&D
9 Sept 2025Amendment 37 to paragraph 67 Public procurementAbstainedForS&D
9 Sept 2025Amendment 35 to paragraph 66 Public procurementAbstainedForS&D
9 Sept 2025Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 63 Public procurementAbstainedForS&D
9 Sept 2025Amendment 3 to paragraph 4 Public procurementAbstainedForS&D
9 Jul 2025Amendment 2 to paragraph 4 The human cost of Russia’s war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression: the situation of illegally detained civilians and prisoners of war, and the continued bombing of civiliansForAgainstS&D
8 Jul 2025Motion for adjournment of the vote Preserving the memory of the victims of the post war communist period in SloveniaAbstainedForS&D
8 Jul 2025Paragraph 7 — part 2 Security of energy supply in the EUAbstainedAgainstS&D
8 Jul 2025Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 34 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024ForAgainstS&D
19 Jun 2025Amendment 313 to Article 17, after paragraph 1 — part 1 Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceabilityAbstainedForS&D
22 May 2025Amendment 30, adding text after paragraph 2 Deliberations of the Committee on Petitions in 2023ForAgainstS&D
8 May 2025Amendment 6, adding text after recital E Old challenges and new commercial practices in the internal marketAgainstForS&D
8 May 2025Amendment 9 to paragraph 5 Old challenges and new commercial practices in the internal marketAgainstForS&D
7 May 2025Amendment 33, adding text after paragraph 186 Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Commission, executive agencies and European Development FundsForAbstainedS&D
7 May 2025Amendment 32, adding text after paragraph 185 Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Commission, executive agencies and European Development FundsForAbstainedS&D
7 May 2025Amendment 24 to paragraph 131 Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Commission, executive agencies and European Development FundsForAgainstS&D
7 May 2025Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 13 Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Commission, executive agencies and European Development FundsAbstainedForS&D
7 May 2025Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 10 Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Commission, executive agencies and European Development FundsAbstainedForS&D
3 Apr 2025Amendment 10 to paragraph 3 Energy-intensive industriesAgainstForS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 91 to paragraph 45 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 9 to paragraph 97, indent 3 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 12 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIAbstainedAgainstS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 30 to paragraph 12 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIForAgainstS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 24 to paragraph 12 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIAbstainedAgainstS&D
2 Apr 2025Amendment 37 to paragraph 11 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIAbstainedAgainstS&D
1 Apr 2025Amendment 17 — part 2 Macro-financial assistance to EgyptForAgainstS&D
1 Apr 2025Amendment 8 — part 2 Macro-financial assistance to EgyptForAgainstS&D
1 Apr 2025Amendment 5 — part 3 Macro-financial assistance to EgyptForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 69 — part 3 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 69 — part 2 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Amendment 103 to paragraph 46 — part 2 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Amendment 100 to paragraph 34 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Amendment 107, adding text after paragraph 17 — part 2 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Amendment 106, adding text after paragraph 16 — part 2 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Amendment 104 to paragraph 13 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstS&D
12 Mar 2025Amendment 49, adding text after paragraph 5 White paper on the future of European defenceAbstainedForS&D
13 Feb 2025Amendment 3 to paragraph 27 Further deterioration of the political situation in GeorgiaForAgainstS&D
12 Feb 2025Final vote — text as a whole Genetically modified maize MON 95275AgainstForS&D
12 Feb 2025Final vote — text as a whole Genetically modified maize DP910521AgainstForS&D
11 Feb 2025Amendment 30, adding text after paragraph 13 European Central Bank – annual report 2024ForAbstainedS&D
11 Feb 2025Amendment 22, adding text after paragraph 1 European Central Bank – annual report 2024ForAgainstS&D
22 Jan 2025Amendments 4 + 7 (voted as one) to paragraph 19 Need for actions to address the continued oppression and fake elections in BelarusForAgainstS&D
28 Nov 2024Paragraph 13 — part 5 Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and RussiaForAgainstS&D
28 Nov 2024Paragraph 13 — part 3 Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and RussiaForAgainstS&D
28 Nov 2024Paragraph 5 — part 2 Reinforcing EU’s unwavering support to Ukraine against Russia’s war of aggression and the increasing military cooperation between North Korea and RussiaForAgainstS&D
26 Nov 2024Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified maize MON 94804AgainstForS&D
26 Nov 2024Final vote — text as a whole Genetically modified maize DP202216AgainstForS&D
26 Nov 2024Final vote — text as a whole Genetically modified maize DP23211AgainstForS&D
26 Nov 2024Final vote — text as a whole Genetically modified maize DP915635AgainstForS&D
26 Nov 2024Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified maize MON 810AgainstForS&D
26 Nov 2024Final vote — text as a whole Genetically modified maize MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 and eight of its sub-combinationsAgainstForS&D
26 Nov 2024Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified cotton COT102AgainstForS&D
26 Nov 2024Final vote — text as a whole Genetically modified maize MON 89034 × 1507 × NK603AgainstForS&D
17 Jul 2024Amendment 9 to paragraph 5 The need for the EU's continuous support for UkraineForAgainstS&D

By member, 1

Members with at least one vote where their group had a clear line. Order: by rate, for members with at least 300 clear-line votes (the rest follow by name) — not a ranking.

Against the line: votes against the group’s clear line ÷ clear-line votes (votes where the member’s group at the date had a clear line and the member voted); a count below 50. Of the votes against: opposite (for ↔ against), abstained against the line, other (for or against when the line was to abstain), and with own party — with the majority of their national party’s members in the group (at least two voting).
MemberAgainst the lineClear-line votesOppositeAbstainedOtherWith own party
Marina KALJURAND , S&D · Estonia 2.8 %5 3837571772

About these figures

What was counted, what was left out, and how.

  • 5 928 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
  • 174 of 794 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
  • A vote counts against the group’s line when the group’s clear line — at least two thirds of its votes cast, with at least 10 members voting — was different from the member’s position; a divided group has no line to vote against (method). This is a different rule from group loyalty, which uses the majority line (loyalty).
  • Ordered by rate, only members with at least 300 votes where their group had a clear line are compared; fewer votes make a rate unstable, and below 50 the figure is shown as a count.
  • Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
  • Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
  • Methods: Voted against the group’s clear line v1, Voted with the group’s majority line v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
  • Data as of 26 Sept 2026, 03:32 UTC (data stamp 579b2832c723, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
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Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=197491&scope=all&to=2026-09-26
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
26 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Marina KALJURAND”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=197491&scope=all&to=2026-09-26 (retrieved 26 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-26,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 26 Sept 2026 · Marina KALJURAND}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=197491&scope=all&to=2026-09-26}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?mep=197491&scope=all&to=2026-09-26},
  urldate = {2026-09-26},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version 579b2832c723 (26 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}