Changes from resolution motion to resolution motion joint

RemovedC. whereas the junta has intensified its repression, including arbitrary arrests, torture, enforced disappearances, sexual and gender-based violence, and the use of air strikes against civilian populations;

AddedE. whereas the situation has deteriorated further following the devastating 7.7 magnitude earthquake of 28 March 2025, after which junta forces blocked humanitarian access, threatened and extorted relief workers, confiscated medical supplies and continued air strikes and heavy-weapons attacks in civilian and disaster-affected areas, without taking measures to protect civilians, making 2025 the deadliest year air strikes since the coup;

RemovedD. whereas Myanmar’s junta has stated that it will hold general elections in late 2025 and early 2026; whereas the latest census in late 2024 covered only 145 of Myanmar’s 330 townships, being areas controlled by the junta, leaving out millions of people in areas held by resistance groups; whereas elections are planned to take place only in these areas controlled by the junta;

AddedF. whereas the economic crisis in Myanmar is deepening, with massive GDP losses, hyperinflation, currency collapse, food insecurity and poverty affecting a large share of the population, further exacerbating the ongoing humanitarian tragedy;

RemovedE. whereas according to Tom Andrews, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, 6 800 people have been killed in Myanmar since the military coup and 22 000 are detained as political prisoners;

AddedG. whereas in April 2021 the ASEAN Leaders’ Meeting resulted in a five-point consensus on the situation in Myanmar; whereas the EU supports ASEAN’s diplomatic role and efforts to end the violence in Myanmar and return power to a democratically elected civilian government; whereas ASEAN countries have officially emphasised that the cessation of violence and inclusive political dialogue must precede elections; whereas genuine national reconciliation, peace and democracy can only be achieved if the military junta relinquishes its grip on power and civilian governance is restored, along with the protection of minority rights and the participation of civil society, and if accountability for past abuses is guaranteed;

RemovedF. whereas military abuses and the escalating conflict have internally displaced more than 3.5 million people and left around 20 million in need of humanitarian assistance;

AddedH. whereas Myanmar’s predominantly Muslim Rohingya minority has endured more than five decades of state-led marginalisation; whereas the Myanmar military has subjected the Rohingya to atrocious violence amounting to crimes against humanity and war crimes; whereas according to the 1982 Citizenship Law of Myanmar, the Rohingya are not considered citizens by the authorities and thus represent the largest stateless population in the world; whereas an estimated 600 000 Rohingya remain trapped in Rakhine State and are subject to persecution and violence, confined to camps and villages without freedom of movement, and cut off from access to adequate food, health care, education and livelihoods;

RemovedG. whereas humanitarian access has been heavily restricted by the junta, severely worsening food insecurity, disease and the impact of recent natural disasters;

AddedI. whereas violence in Rakhine State has intensified dramatically since 2024, with the junta, the Arakan Army and Rohingya armed groups all implicated in grave human rights violations, including mass killings, forced recruitment of Rohingya men and boys, beheadings, arson attacks on Rohingya and Rakhine villages, drone strikes on civilians, and attacks on displacement sites; whereas between 2024 and November 2025, approximately 150 000 Rohingya fled to Bangladesh due to the escalating violence;

RemovedH. whereas on 29 July 2025 the junta enacted the Law on the Prevention of Obstruction, Disruption and Sabotage of Multiparty Democratic General Elections, which criminalises criticism of the elections by banning all speeches, organising or protests that disrupt any part of the electoral process; whereas violators of this law face up to 20 years in prison or the death penalty;

AddedJ. whereas Bangladesh continues to host nearly one million Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar and Bhasan Char; whereas humanitarian assistance has reached crisis levels following the dramatic collapse of global funding; whereas continuous humanitarian aid and EU engagement is necessary and indispensable for the survival of the Rohingya; whereas the absence of prospects for voluntary, safe and dignified return leaves the Rohingya in a state of protracted displacement and deepening despair;

RemovedI. whereas the junta has adopted repressive cybersecurity, counterterrorism and media laws to criminalise dissent, restrict access to information and impose digital censorship;

AddedK. whereas credible UN, human rights and investigative bodies, as well as the UN Special Rapporteur, have documented widespread and systematic attacks against the people of Myanmar, amounting in many instances to crimes against humanity and war crimes under international law, and have underlined the need for accountability;

RemovedJ. whereas the EU has adopted multiple rounds of targeted restrictive measures against the Myanmar military and its economic interests, including asset freezes, travel bans, an arms embargo, bans on dual-use goods and surveillance equipment, and prohibitions on providing funds or economic resources to listed individuals and entities, with these measures regularly expanded and renewed in response to ongoing atrocities;

AddedL. whereas the EU and its Member States have consistently called for accountability for crimes against the Rohingya and supported international justice processes; whereas in November 2024, the International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor requested an arrest warrant for Myanmar’s Commander-in-Chief Min Aung Hlaing, which remains pending before the ICC; whereas impunity for serious violations continues;

RemovedK. whereas some EU companies and financial institutions have maintained indirect links with military-owned conglomerates despite the sanctions regime;

AddedM. whereas the EU has increased its restrictive measures against Myanmar since the 2021 military coup, adopting eight packages of sanctions targeting Myanmar’s military regime so far; whereas these packages of sanctions include travel bans for individuals, a ban on surveillance equipment an arms embargo, an export ban on dual-use goods and asset freezes for individuals and entities;

RemovedL. whereas attacks by the Tatmadaw in 2017 on hundreds of Rohingya villages resulted in an estimated 25 000 deaths and forced at least 740 000 people to flee to Bangladesh;

AddedN. whereas Myanmar’s military authorities continue to restrict internet access, impose nationwide and localised shutdowns, criminalise online expression through the 2025 Cybersecurity Law, ban virtual private networks, censor digital platforms and arrest those expressing dissent online, severely undermining freedom of expression and access to information;

RemovedM. whereas the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar established by the UN Human Rights Council concluded in September 2019 that ‘600 000 Rohingya remaining inside Myanmar face systematic persecution and live under the threat of genocide’;

AddedO. whereas on 29 July 2025, the junta enacted the draconian Law on the Protection of Multiparty Democratic General Elections from Obstruction, Disruption and Destruction, which criminalises criticism of the electoral process by banning any speeches, organised gatherings, or peaceful protests deemed to ‘disrupt’ the electoral process; whereas over 40 political parties have been dissolved following the enactment of this law; whereas violations of this law carry up to 20 years in prison and even the death penalty;

RemovedN. whereas significant accountability measures are being introduced, with the International Criminal Court (ICC) investigating atrocity crimes committed in Myanmar and Bangladesh, and the International Court of Justice having issued provisional measures in the genocide case brought by The Gambia against Myanmar;

AddedP. whereas since August 2025, junta authorities have arrested at least 94 individuals, including four children, under this law for their online activity and acts including distributing stickers or leaflets and delivering speeches, among other alleged acts of ‘interference’; whereas on 9 September 2025 Nay Thway was sentenced to seven years of hard labour in Taunggyi, Shan State, for a Facebook post criticising the junta; whereas on 29 October 2025, filmmakers Zambu Htun Thet Lwin and Aung Chan Lu were arrested for merely ‘liking’ a Facebook post critical of an election propaganda film;

RemovedO. whereas in November 2024, the ICC Prosecutor requested an arrest warrant for Myanmar’s Commander-in-Chief Min Aung Hlaing, which remains pending before the ICC; whereas impunity for serious violations continues;

AddedQ. whereas the military junta is attempting to fabricate legitimacy through fraudulent multiphase elections scheduled for 28 December 2025 and 11 January 2026; whereas these illegitimate elections are being organised in parts of the country controlled by the military junta and in an environment of systematic repression, including the mass arrests of opposition leaders, the dissolution of political parties such as the National League for Democracy, the criminalisation of dissent, pervasive surveillance, severe restrictions on movement, and the imprisonment of journalists, pro-democracy activists and human rights defenders;

RemovedP. whereas over one million Rohingya people remain displaced, the majority in Bangladesh, and continue to face persecution, statelessness and severe restrictions on their movement;

Added1. Strongly condemns the coup d’état that took place on 1 February 2021 in Myanmar and the junta’s violent and illegitimate rule, including the ongoing repression at the hands of the Tatmadaw and the grave human rights violations committed against civilians, ethnic minorities and political opponents; calls on the Tatmadaw to fully respect the outcome of the democratic elections of November 2020 and to immediately reinstate the civilian government, end the state of emergency, cease the use of violence against peaceful protesters, respect the right to freedom of expression and association, and allow all elected parliamentarians to assume their mandates without restriction;

Removed1. Strongly condemns the ongoing illegal seizure of power by the military junta, its systematic attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, and the violation of UN Security Council resolutions and the 5PC;

Added2. Expresses profound alarm at the methods of brutal repression employed by the junta, including forced conscription, torture, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention, sexual and gender-based violence, and systemic impunity;

Removed2. Expresses its unwavering solidarity with the people of Myanmar in their struggle for democracy, dignity and fundamental rights; honours the courage of all those resisting oppression, including ethnic minorities, women, young people and workers; reaffirms its commitment to supporting their aspirations for a just, inclusive and democratic future free from military rule and from external pressure or interference; emphasises that Myanmar’s sovereignty and political trajectory should reflect the aspirations of its citizens;

Added3. Calls for an immediate ceasefire and an end to the violence as a prerequisite for sustainable, lasting, long-term peace for the people of Myanmar; emphasises that no transparent, inclusive electoral process is possible without bringing the violence in Myanmar to an end; stresses that any elections held in the current atmosphere of fear and repression and in breach of all international standards cannot be considered free and fair;

Removed3. Condemns the junta’s actions since the 2021 coup, including the banning of dozens of political parties and the arbitrary detention of an estimated 30 000 people, who are being held as political prisoners, among them elected representatives, activists, journalists and human rights defenders; denounces the junta’s systematic dismantling of democratic institutions, its suppression of dissent, and the escalating campaign of intimidation and violence aimed at entrenching its illegitimate rule;

Added4. Rejects as illegitimate any elections organised unilaterally by the junta, in particular the general election scheduled for December 2025 and January 2026, which is in clear violation of democratic standards; stresses that no credible electoral process can take place under conditions of repression, mass displacement, continued arbitrary detentions, and the absence of inclusive political dialogue; denounces any results of these illegitimate elections that represent the junta’s attempt to gain international legitimacy; affirms that a credible pathway towards peace and democracy requires the military junta to end the violence and relinquish power, allow a civilian transitional authority, restore democratic institutions and reinstate legitimate civilian leaders;

Removed4. Expresses deep alarm at the pre-election repression, including attacks on civilians and the detention of around 100 political opponents under a repressive new election law prohibiting all speeches, organising or protests that disrupt any part of the electoral process, with penalties including up to 20 years in prison and the death penalty; calls for the law to be repealed and for the immediate release of all those arbitrarily imprisoned;

Added5. Condemns the Political Party Registration Law and the Law on the Protection of Multiparty Democratic General Elections from Obstruction, Disruption and Destruction, which are tools of blatant political and social oppression, and calls for their immediate repeal;

Removed9. Emphasises the statement by Tom Andrews, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, that the junta has violated the 5PC and that ‘elections cannot be free, fair or credible when held amid military violence and repression, with political leaders detained and fundamental freedoms crushed’, and in which he calls for the ASEAN leaders to ‘refrain from doing anything to legitimise the junta’s charade, including sending observers to monitor the polls’;

Added10. Strongly condemns the persecution of religious minorities, including Christians, Muslims and other religious groups in the country; urges the Tatmadaw to end the killings and arrests of people belonging to religious minorities, as well as the shelling and raiding of places of worship; expresses its deep concern about the frequent attacks on churches, mosques, monasteries, schools and medical facilities, and the arrests of religious leaders; highlights the growing concern of the international community over the violent targeting of religious minorities in Myanmar; calls for respect for religious freedom in Myanmar;

Removed10. Deplores the grave conditions faced by the Rohingya in Myanmar, Bangladesh and across the region, noting that over one million refugees in Bangladesh’s Cox’s Bazar camps endure worsening conditions, including abductions, sexual violence, and the detrimental effects of reduced aid on health care, education, and food security;

Added11. Stresses the need to address the root causes of the Rohingya crisis, including discrimination, denial of citizenship and exclusion from political life; calls for reform of the 1982 Citizenship Law that denies Rohingya their Myanmar citizenship rights;

Removed11. Condemns the junta’s lethal obstruction of humanitarian aid; takes note of the Commission’s allocation of EUR 76 million in EU humanitarian aid to address the needs of people affected by the main crises in South and South-East Asia; calls on the Commission to scale up funding, particularly for the Rohingya refugee response and the Myanmar humanitarian plan, and to expand resettlement pathways or alternative visa options; calls for greater engagement with local partners who can operate effectively in restrictive conditions, including by directing assistance through community-based and cross-border networks and supporting unregistered groups;

Added12. Calls for efforts towards sustainable improvements in ensuring the dignified and safe return of the Rohingya population; calls for the EU to assume a leading role in mobilising international support for the Rohingya people and in ensuring accountability for those responsible for their persecution, in particular the Myanmar military; commends Bangladesh for its crucial support and generosity in hosting over one million members of the Rohingya community, despite enormous challenges, and the engagement of the local populations in the Cox’s Bazar and Chittagong districts in providing support; encourages the authorities to continue their efforts to improve the living conditions of the Rohingya;

Removed12. Urges Bangladesh to lift restrictions on access to livelihoods, movement, education and protection for the Rohingya ; calls on Bangladesh, India and all governments in the region to refrain from returning any Rohingya refugees to Myanmar under the current conditions, where their safety and fundamental rights remain at severe risk; insists that any returns of Rohingya refugees must be voluntary, safe, dignified, and conducted under UN supervision, and not through bilateral arrangements with the junta;

Added13. Welcomes the EU’s humanitarian aid allocation of March 2025, including EUR 32.3 million for Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, and calls for sustained and predictable funding of the Joint Response Plan for 2025-2026 to address critical underfunding; emphasises, however, that humanitarian funding alone cannot cover the needs of over one million refugees; underlines that resolving the Myanmar crisis, which is the root cause of the Rohingya killings, displacements and dire humanitarian crisis, is indispensable in achieving long-term, sustainable improvements in the situation of the Rohingya; calls, in this respect, for increased humanitarian assistance from the international community and countries in the region; urges the United States to continue its significant humanitarian aid to the Rohingya;

Removed13. Calls for the EU and its Member States to maintain the embargo on selling any military, security and surveillance equipment to Myanmar; calls for the EU and its Member States to ensure that any engagement with Myanmar, including by private companies, is subject to strengthened human rights due diligence processes to protect workers’ rights and to avoid any support for the military;

Added14. Calls for the EU and the Member States to ensure robust funding for psychosocial, health and protection services in refugee camps, especially for victims of sexual and gender-based violence, women, children and other vulnerable groups;

Removed14. Asks the UN Security Council to urgently impose a global arms embargo on Myanmar;

Added15. Stresses that the EU Member States and associated countries should maintain the embargo on the direct and indirect supply, sale and transfer, including transit, shipment and brokering, of all weapons, munitions and other military, security and surveillance equipment and systems, as well as the provision of training, maintenance and other military and security assistance; highlights the need for the ICC to further investigate the situation; asks the UN Security Council to urgently impose a global arms embargo on Myanmar;

Removed15. Reaffirms its support for credible accountability mechanisms and international investigations into the 2017 genocide and subsequent atrocities;

Added16. Calls for robust support for international accountability mechanisms, including the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar and proceedings before the International Court of Justice; calls for the EU and its Member States to continue to support the ICC so that it can continue its critical work in Myanmar unhindered;

Removed16. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, the governments and parliaments of the Member States, the UN Secretary-General, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (, the National Unity Government of Myanmar, ethnic organisations, and relevant international bodies.

Added17. Condemns international actors, particularly Russia and China, for their political, economic and military backing of the Myanmar junta;

Added18. Supports the continuation and expansion of targeted sanctions against those responsible for the coup, atrocities and abuses, including military commanders, economic entities and arms suppliers; calls for renewed and strengthened international efforts to impose sanctions on the Myanmar junta and to prevent sanctions circumvention;

Added19. Calls on the Commission to guarantee that the Everything But Arms scheme does not benefit the junta, or otherwise to temporarily withdraw the mechanism;

Added20. Urges the provision of increased humanitarian aid for Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, internally displaced people in Myanmar and refugees along the Thai-Myanmar border;

Added21. Underlines the necessity of reinforced EU-ASEAN cooperation to build a unified response that prioritises human rights and justice in Myanmar; urges ASEAN, its member states and in particular its Special Envoy on Myanmar to use their mandates proactively by cooperating closely with the UN Special Envoy and engaging all relevant stakeholders, including the NUG, ethnic organisations, women’s groups and civil society organisations, in order to advance an inclusive political process and contribute to a sustainable resolution to the crisis;

Added22. Calls on the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to regularly report to Parliament on the developments in Myanmar, including the situation of religious and ethnic groups;

Added23. Expresses its unwavering solidarity with the people of Myanmar and with their legitimate democratic representatives, including the NUG, ethnic revolutionary organisations and civil society organisations, in their struggle for freedom, dignity and democracy; honours the courage of all those resisting oppression;

Added24. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the legitimate President and National Unity Government of Myanmar, the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the State Counsellor of Myanmar, the Tatmadaw, the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the Commission, the Council, the governments and parliaments of the EU Member States, the governments and parliaments of the United States, Bangladesh, the United Kingdom, Japan, India, Australia and Canada, the member states of ASEAN, and the People’s Republic of China, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the Secretary-General of ASEAN, the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights and the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar.