Changes from plenary report to adopted text

The European Parliament,

– having regard to the Strategic Partnership Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Canada, of the other part, signed on 30 October 2016 and provisionally applied since 1 April 2017,

– having regard to the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada, of the one part, and the European Union and its Member States, of the other part, which entered into force provisionally on 21 September 2017,

– having regard to the EU-Canada Strategic Partnership on Raw Materials, launched on 21 June 2021,

– having regard to the EU-Canada Digital Partnership and the EU-Canada Green Alliance, launched on 23 November 2023,

– having regard to the joint statement by the leaders of the European Union and Canada entitled ‘Enduring Partnership, Ambitious Agenda’, adopted at the EU-Canada Summit held in Brussels on 23 June 2025,

– having regard to the Security and Defence Partnership between the European Union and Canada, signed at the EU-Canada Summit held on 23 June 2025,

– having regard to the Hague NATO Summit Declaration of 25 June 2025,

– having regard to the European Council conclusions of 26 June 2025,

– having regard to the Canada-led G7 Critical Minerals Production Alliance, announced on 17 June 2025 and launched on 31 October 2025,

– having regard to the joint declaration of 12 November 2025 following the fourth Canada-EU joint ministerial committee meeting,

– having regard to the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted on 13 September 2007,

– having regard to the Kunming-Montréal Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity,

– having regard to its recommendation of 26 November 2025 to the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on the EU’s diplomatic strategy and geopolitical cooperation in the Arctic,

– having regard to Rule 121 of its Rules of Procedure,

– having regard to the opinion of the Committee on International Trade,

– having regard to the report of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (A10-0035/2026),

A. whereas in a geopolitical context of increased great power rivalry, political volatility, fragmented global supply chains, rising protectionism, the weaponisation of trade, vulnerabilities in economic security and accelerating climate change, the EU must deepen cooperation with like-minded partners such as Canada; whereas the EU and Canada have a shared and increased interest in deepening their cooperation, strengthening their economic ties and upholding the rules-based international order, and share common positions on virtually all regions of the world; whereas the EU has consistently remained a reliable and loyal ally of Canada;

B. whereas the EU and Canada are strategic partners united in their conviction that democracy, the rule of law, human rights and multilateral cooperation, particularly in the fields of security and trade, are beneficial to Canadian and European societies and the international community and should therefore be defended by global alliances of like-minded partners;

C. whereas the EU-Canada partnership has become central to defending and upholding multilateralism and democracy worldwide in times when these long-standing principles and achievements are under constant and increasing threat; whereas Canada and all EU Member States are party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;

D. whereas there has been long-standing cooperation between the EU and Canada in the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as a commitment to working together to stabilise and strengthen the rules-based international trading system, the existence of which is currently under threat, to modernise the WTO and to revitalise its dispute settlement system, including through the Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement;

E. whereas effective EU-Canada cooperation based on joint leadership and responsibility is critical in tackling global challenges, such as Russia’s war against Ukraine, Russia’s hybrid warfare against democratic societies, geopolitical competition in the Arctic, China’s increasingly assertive actions and economic coercion outside of the internationally established frameworks, increased volatility in US foreign policy, climate change and the situation in the Middle East;

F. whereas cooperation between the EU and Canada within existing frameworks is essential to preserve and enhance prosperity for both parties; whereas examples of this essential cooperation include trade and economic cooperation, and joint ambitions to address challenges such as the green and digital transitions, artificial intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies, security, including military cooperation, counterterrorism and combating organised crime, and infrastructure, energy, health and food security;

G. whereas on 1 December 2025, Canada and the EU successfully concluded negotiations on an agreement for Canada’s participation in the Security Action for Europe (SAFE) programme, thereby building on their Security and Defence Partnership signed at the EU-Canada Summit in June 2025;

I. whereas challenges in CETA enforcement persist in some areas, such as regulatory cooperation, the chapter on trade and sustainable development, and transparent access to complete procurement data;

J. whereas the e-commerce, trade and sustainable development chapters and the provision on the protection of investors in CETA are outdated and do not reflect current Commission policy; whereas the Government of Canada has put forward proposals to enhance the enforceability of CETA’s trade and sustainable development provisions;

K. whereas CETA provides for a framework for the mutual recognition of qualifications in regulated professions such as architecture, accountancy and engineering;

L. whereas indigenous peoples in Canada hold irreplaceable traditional knowledge, act as primary stewards of ecosystems and are already disproportionately affected by climate change, socio-economic marginalisation and environmental degradation; whereas both Canada and the EU have endorsed the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, including a commitment to consult and cooperate in good faith with indigenous peoples to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before approving any project affecting their lands, territories or resources;

M. whereas Canada, through its commitment to providing long-term support to Ukraine and its strong leadership during its G7 Presidency, has proven to be a strategic partner to the EU and a reliable NATO ally;

N. whereas the full potential of the existing instruments of EU-Canada cooperation must be exploited and the EU-Canada partnership strongly enhanced so that together the EU and Canada can stand firm against Russia’s war against Ukraine, the revisionism of geopolitical actors, the escalation of hybrid warfare campaigns against democratic societies, climate change, and challenges to the global trade order;

1. Recommends that the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy:

The EU-Canada partnership: institutional framework

(a) seize this moment of rupture in the international order and shared challenges as an opportunity to fully harness the potential of the EU-Canada Strategic Partnership and elevate the relationship to a new level in the pursuit of common interests and values in a rapidly changing global environment;

(b) maximise their efforts to swiftly implement the conclusions of the EU-Canada Summit of 23 June 2025, by taking concrete steps to achieve tangible progress in the areas outlined in the joint statement and the Security and Defence Partnership, including by building on Canada’s participation, as the only non-European country, in the SAFE programme in order to establish the closest possible defence cooperation in a world of rising great power rivalry;

(c) intensify multilevel dialogues, including summits and joint initiatives such as trade and investment missions, as well as long-term cooperation formats at working level by assigning dedicated project officers for different work streams, in order to deepen cooperation and find paths to strategic engagement between Canada and the EU in jointly addressing global challenges such as AI, energy, climate change and cybersecurity, especially at a moment where the rules-based international order is under increasing pressure; ensure that these dialogues involve civil society and expert stakeholders where appropriate;

(d) support a stronger role for parliamentary dialogue in the strategic partnership and ensure regular bilateral parliamentary exchanges and cooperation on key issues;

(e) note that Canada enjoys legal observer status in the Council of Europe; call for an increase in cooperation at parliamentary level and for the Council of Europe to regularly invite Canada to interparliamentary meetings as an observer;

Cooperation on foreign and security policy

(f) increase cooperation with Canada in responding to security threats to our societies, such as Russia’s war against Ukraine, hybrid attacks, terrorism and interference in democratic societies on both sides of the Atlantic, China’s assertiveness and economic coercion, US retreat from the rules-based international order, the consequences of climate change, AI, cybersecurity and the situation in the Middle East, all of which threaten the social cohesion of our societies;

(g) stress the need for joint efforts and a mutual commitment to promote peace, security, stability and resilience through a holistic approach to defence in other regions of shared interest, including the EU’s immediate neighbourhood, particularly the candidate countries and the South Caucasus;

(h) set out a roadmap to ensure the full and timely implementation of the commitments made in the Security and Defence Partnership, which provides a coherent and comprehensive political framework for dialogue and cooperation across a broad spectrum of peace, security and defence areas, including selected EU security and defence initiatives that complement the parties’ cooperation in NATO, such as the SAFE programme and the ReArm Europe Plan/Readiness 2030;

(i) integrate Canada, as far as possible, into the EU’s Defence Technological and Industrial Base with the goal of increasing complementarity and cost-effectiveness for both parties, including integrating military and industrial supply chains and harmonising defence strategies and research in areas such as icebreaker shipbuilding and the operation of harbours; urge EU-Canada cooperation on regulating 5G implementation to comply with strict security standards; encourage the Member States to allow Canadian enterprises to participate in their public procurement processes;

(j) recognise Canada’s ongoing commitment and military contributions to European security, in particular its leadership of NATO’s Operation Reassurance in Latvia, membership of the Global Coalition Against Daesh, NATO’s Capacity Building Initiatives in the Middle East and the Drone Coalition, and encourage further cooperation in key areas to boost drone-related production in synergy with EU industrial and technological initiatives; call for joint European drone and counter-drone capability training centres in cooperation with Canada; propose a bilateral agreement with Canada for secure co-production and tech transfer of capabilities to counter unmanned aerial systems (CUAS) through joint development and financing;

(k) build on Canada’s valuable contribution to both Military Mobility and NetLogHubs projects under the EU’s Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) framework and on Canada’s long-standing contributions to common security and defence policy (CSDP) civilian and military missions; encourage further cooperation and the expansion of Canada’s participation in additional PESCO projects and EU defence initiatives;

(l) review and increase cooperation with Canada to combat cyber and hybrid warfare threats and counter destabilising activities such as disinformation spread by hostile states or election interference, including in the EU candidate countries, which significantly threaten social cohesion in our societies;

(m) further advance coordination and cooperation in key areas such as crisis management, peacekeeping, military mobility, cybersecurity, counterterrorism, space security, energy security, AI and emerging technologies, including quantum computing, in order to jointly develop key capabilities;

(n) further build on the EU and Canada’s steadfast support for Ukraine’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and on their cooperation on and shared commitment to providing, notably through the G7 and Coalition of the Willing formats, long-term political, military, financial and humanitarian assistance, inter alia, by jointly working towards forging a strong international alliance in favour of the use of immobilised Russian sovereign assets in compliance with international law through a reparation loan, as well as by working together on the Ukraine Donor Platform and on setting up post-war security guarantees for Ukraine;

(o) coordinate sanctions, pursue the diplomatic isolation of Russia with Canada and other partners and jointly explore other ways of increasing pressure on Russia;

(p) work jointly with Canada to ensure full accountability for war crimes and other serious crimes committed in connection with Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, including by supporting the establishment of a Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine;

(q) further build on the coordinated support of the EU and Canada for the Republic of Moldova’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and resilience in the face of targeted hybrid activities by the Russian Federation and of the repercussions of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine;

(r) encourage the Canadian authorities to continue and enhance the country’s participation, alongside the EU, in humanitarian and pro-democracy initiatives, particularly in the case of Belarus, including through increased support for instruments that enable targeted, flexible and effective assistance worldwide;

(s) work together with Canada to jointly foster our common relationship with the United States, which is crucial to the security and economy of both Canada and the EU;