Analysis
Votes against the group’s line
All roll calls · 25 Mar 2026 – 25 Sept 2026 · Romana TOMC
Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and did they vote with their national party when they did?
Showing Romana TOMC only. Show every member
Romana TOMC’s votes against the line, 133
Every vote in the selection where the member’s position differed from their group’s clear line, newest first.
| Date | Vote | Position | Clear line | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 Sept 2026 | Amendment 53, adding text after paragraph 12 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 17 Sept 2026 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 7 The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders | For | Against | EPP |
| 17 Sept 2026 | Recital AD — part 2 Impact of social media and the online environment on young people | Against | For | EPP |
| 16 Sept 2026 | Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified soybean MON 94313 | For | Against | EPP |
| 16 Sept 2026 | Recital AC — part 1 Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions | Against | For | EPP |
| 16 Sept 2026 | Recital B — part 2 Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions | Against | For | EPP |
| 16 Sept 2026 | Paragraph 63 — part 2 Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions | Against | For | EPP |
| 16 Sept 2026 | Paragraph 62 — part 1 Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions | Against | For | EPP |
| 16 Sept 2026 | Paragraph 18 — part 1 Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions | Against | For | EPP |
| 16 Sept 2026 | Paragraph 8 — part 2 Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions | Against | For | EPP |
| 16 Sept 2026 | Paragraph 3 — part 2 Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions | Against | For | EPP |
| 16 Sept 2026 | Paragraph 3 — part 1 Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions | Against | For | EPP |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 49 The EU Youth Strategy 2019–2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 1, adding text after Recital AB Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | For | Against | EPP |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 86 to paragraph 115 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | For | Against | EPP |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 3, adding text after paragraph 34 Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield | For | Against | EPP |
| 15 Sept 2026 | Amendment 98 to recital 3 Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Jul 2026 | Amendment 4, adding text after recital D The abduction, forced conversion and child marriage of Maria Shahbaz and the protection of girls in Pakistan | Against | For | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 22 The impact of the 1974 Turkish invasion on Cypriot women and girls, and the crimes committed by Turkish forces and consequences on gender equality | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Amendment 35, adding text after paragraph 32 — part 2 2025 Commission report on Ukraine | Against | For | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Separate vote on recital G EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) | Against | For | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 34 EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2026 | Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 34 EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report) | For | Against | EPP |
| 7 Jul 2026 | Final vote — text as a whole Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2026 High-Level Political Forum | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Paragraph 7 — part 2 2025 Commission report on North Macedonia | Against | For | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 46 2025 Commission report on Albania | For | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 4 to paragraph 46 2025 Commission report on Albania | For | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 30, adding text after Recital 68 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 1 to recital 34 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendments 20 + 28 (voted as one), adding text after Recital 25 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 19, adding text after Recital 18 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 27, adding text after Recital 15 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendments 18 + 26 (voted as one), adding text after Recital 1 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 37 to Annex II, after point 2 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendments 15 + 16 + 24 + 36 (voted as one), adding text after Article 37 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 9 to Article 27, paragraph 1, point c Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendments 23 + 35 (voted as one), adding text after Article 24 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 34, adding text after Article 11 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendments 22 + 33 (voted as one) to Article 10, after paragraph 1 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 32 to Article 10, paragraph 1 Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 8 to Article 9, paragraph 1, subparagraph 2, after point d Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 7 to Article 7, paragraph 2, after point d Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendment 6 to Article 6, paragraph 3, after point d Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2026 | Amendments 17 + 25 (voted as one) Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Amendment 8 to recital AJ Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries | For | Against | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Amendment 7, adding text after recital AI Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries | For | Against | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Recital AC — part 2 Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries | Against | For | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Amendment 6 to recital Q Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries | For | Against | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Recital G — part 2 Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries | Against | For | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 33 Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries | For | Against | EPP |
Show all 133 votes
| Date | Vote | Position | Clear line | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 Jun 2026 | Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 25 Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries | For | Against | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Paragraph 15 — part 2 Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries | Against | Abstained | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Amendment 10 to paragraph 15 Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries | For | Against | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Paragraph 11 — part 2 Reinforcing development cooperation to address irregular population movements and their root causes in partner countries | Against | For | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Amendment 2 to paragraph 7 Countering transnational repression – towards an EU strategy to protect Europe’s sovereignty and democratic values | For | Against | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 4 European political parties and foundations – 2026 report on the application of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 2025/2445 and on the activities funded | For | Against | EPP |
| 16 Jun 2026 | Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 4 European political parties and foundations – 2026 report on the application of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 2025/2445 and on the activities funded | For | Against | EPP |
| 21 May 2026 | Recital S — part 2 Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gap | For | Against | EPP |
| 21 May 2026 | Amendment 25 to paragraph 3 The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forward | For | Against | EPP |
| 21 May 2026 | Amendment 6 to paragraph 7 Repression and execution of protesters, dissidents, political prisoners and religious minorities in Iran | For | Against | EPP |
| 21 May 2026 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 5 Repression and execution of protesters, dissidents, political prisoners and religious minorities in Iran | For | Against | EPP |
| 21 May 2026 | Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 5 Repression and execution of protesters, dissidents, political prisoners and religious minorities in Iran | For | Against | EPP |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 28 to paragraph 1, point ap Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | EPP |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 26 to paragraph 1, point ag Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | EPP |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 24 to paragraph 1, point af Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | EPP |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendments 22 + 36 (voted as one) to paragraph 1, point ad Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | EPP |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 2 to paragraph 1, point v Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | EPP |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 7 to paragraph 1, after point r Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | For | Against | EPP |
| 20 May 2026 | Paragraph 1, point n — part 4 Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly | Against | For | EPP |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 1, adding text after recital C The impact of the implementation of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive 2014/89/EU on fisheries in selected fishing areas and sea basins | For | Against | EPP |
| 20 May 2026 | Amendment 2 to paragraph 31 The impact of the implementation of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive 2014/89/EU on fisheries in selected fishing areas and sea basins | For | Against | EPP |
| 30 Apr 2026 | Paragraph 11 — part 2 Ensuring accountability and justice in response to Russia’s continued attacks against the civilian population in Ukraine | Against | For | EPP |
| 30 Apr 2026 | Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 30 Enforcement of the Digital Markets Act | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Final vote — text as a whole Monitoring the application of European Union law in 2023, 2024 and 2025 | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 29, adding text after paragraph 36 Monitoring the application of European Union law in 2023, 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 36 Monitoring the application of European Union law in 2023, 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 24 to paragraph 19 Monitoring the application of European Union law in 2023, 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 22 to paragraph 17 Monitoring the application of European Union law in 2023, 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Final vote — text as a whole The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 10 to paragraph 126 The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 118 The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 17 to paragraph 55 The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 16 to paragraph 44 The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 15 to paragraph 38 The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 34 The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Paragraph 15 — part 2 The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 10 The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on recital BV Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on recital BM Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on recital AQ Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Paragraph 108 — part 2 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 46, adding text after paragraph 105 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 96 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 92 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 44, adding text after paragraph 71 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 69 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Paragraph 64 — part 1 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 61 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 57 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 54 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 43, adding text after paragraph 53 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 66, adding text after paragraph 51 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 50 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Paragraph 48 — part 1 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 69, adding text after paragraph 49 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Paragraph 47 — part 2 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | Against | For | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 45 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 65, adding text after paragraph 40 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 63, adding text after paragraph 40 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 62, adding text after paragraph 12 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 11 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 22, adding text after paragraph 1 Situation of fundamental rights in the European Union in 2024 and 2025 | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 24, adding text after recital 6 Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sector | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 23, adding text after recital 6 Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sector | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 17, adding text after recital 6 Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sector | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 27, adding text after Article 1 Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sector | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 26, adding text after Article 1 Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sector | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 20, adding text after Article 1 Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sector | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 25 to Article 1, paragraph 1, point 4 Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sector | For | Against | EPP |
| 29 Apr 2026 | Amendment 43, adding text after paragraph 1 Discharge 2024: Agencies | For | Against | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 2, adding text after Recital B — part 2 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024 | Against | For | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 60, adding text after paragraph 32 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024 | Against | For | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 32 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024 | Against | For | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 25 — part 2 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024 | Against | For | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 25 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024 | Against | For | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 54, adding text after paragraph 3 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024 | Against | For | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 2 — part 2 Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2024 | Against | For | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Recital AP — part 1 Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU | Against | For | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Recital AL — part 2 Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU | Against | For | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Recital AL — part 1 Importance of consent-based rape legislation in the EU | Against | For | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Separate vote on paragraph 125 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 | Against | For | EPP |
| 28 Apr 2026 | Amendment 71, adding text after paragraph 39 Interim report on the proposal for the multiannual financial framework for 2028-2034 | For | Against | EPP |
| 26 Mar 2026 | Amendment 95 to Article 1 Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) | For | Against | EPP |
By member, 1
Members with at least one vote where their group had a clear line. Order: by rate, for members with at least 300 clear-line votes (the rest follow by name) — not a ranking.
| Member | Against the line | Clear-line votes | Opposite | Abstained | Other | With own party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romana TOMC , EPP · Slovenia | 8.1 % | 1 634 | 112 | 20 | 1 | 96 |
About these figures
What was counted, what was left out, and how.
- 1 755 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
- 62 of 247 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
- A vote counts against the group’s line when the group’s clear line — at least two thirds of its votes cast, with at least 10 members voting — was different from the member’s position; a divided group has no line to vote against (method). This is a different rule from group loyalty, which uses the majority line (loyalty).
- Ordered by rate, only members with at least 300 votes where their group had a clear line are compared; fewer votes make a rate unstable, and below 50 the figure is shown as a count.
- Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
- Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
- Methods: Voted against the group’s clear line v1, Voted with the group’s majority line v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
- Data as of 25 Sept 2026, 03:36 UTC (data stamp f37e5638cded, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
Sources & citation
Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.
- Permalink
- https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2026-03-25&mep=125104&to=2026-09-25
- Data source
- Licensed CC BY 4.0.
- Data version
- data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
- Retrieved
- 25 September 2026
Cite as
EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · 25 Mar 2026 – 25 Sept 2026 · Romana TOMC”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2026-03-25&mep=125104&to=2026-09-25 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-25,
author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
title = {{Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · 25 Mar 2026 – 25 Sept 2026 · Romana TOMC}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2026-03-25&mep=125104&to=2026-09-25}},
url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2026-03-25&mep=125104&to=2026-09-25},
urldate = {2026-09-25},
publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}