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Votes against the group’s line

All roll calls · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · Loucas FOURLAS

Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and did they vote with their national party when they did?

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Period Term202420252026Last 6 months
Custom dates
Votes Final votes293All roll calls2 891
Order Highest rate firstBy name

Showing Loucas FOURLAS only. Show every member

Loucas FOURLAS’s votes against the line, 154

Every vote in the selection where the member’s position differed from their group’s clear line, newest first.

Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
17 Dec 2025Final vote — text as a whole European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needsAbstainedForEPP
26 Nov 2025Final vote on the motion for a resolution Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818 as regards the definition of prohibited weaponsAbstainedAgainstEPP
26 Nov 2025Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 11 Protecting EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and materialForAgainstEPP
26 Nov 2025Amendment 18 to paragraph 11 Protecting EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and materialAbstainedAgainstEPP
26 Nov 2025Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 6 Protecting EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and materialForAgainstEPP
26 Nov 2025Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 1 Protecting EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and materialAbstainedAgainstEPP
26 Nov 2025Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 1 Protecting EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and materialAbstainedAgainstEPP
26 Nov 2025Amendment 4 to paragraph 17 Protection of minors onlineAbstainedAgainstEPP
25 Nov 2025Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified cotton MON 88913ForAgainstEPP
25 Nov 2025Final vote on the motion for a resolution Genetically modified maize DAS1131ForAgainstEPP
25 Nov 2025Recital J — part 2 Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report)AgainstForEPP
25 Nov 2025Paragraph 12 — part 1 Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report)AgainstForEPP
25 Nov 2025Paragraph 9 — part 1 Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report)AgainstForEPP
25 Nov 2025Amendment 1 Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report)AbstainedAgainstEPP
22 Oct 2025Final vote — text as a whole Polarisation and increased repression in Serbia, one year after the Novi Sad tragedyAbstainedForEPP
22 Oct 2025Amendment 10 to paragraph 12 Polarisation and increased repression in Serbia, one year after the Novi Sad tragedyAbstainedForEPP
22 Oct 2025Separate vote on paragraph 10 Institutional consequences of the EU enlargement negotiationsAgainstForEPP
22 Oct 2025Amendment 41, adding text after paragraph 71 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstEPP
22 Oct 2025Amendment 145, adding text after paragraph 67 — part 3 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstEPP
22 Oct 2025Amendment 145, adding text after paragraph 67 — part 1 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstEPP
22 Oct 2025Amendment 162, adding text after paragraph 53 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstEPP
22 Oct 2025Amendment 127, adding text after paragraph 49 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstEPP
22 Oct 2025Amendment 56, adding text after paragraph 48 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstEPP
22 Oct 2025Amendment 54, adding text after paragraph 38 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstEPP
22 Oct 2025Amendment 83, adding text after paragraph 26 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sectionsForAgainstEPP
9 Oct 2025Amendment 3 to recital B Second World Summit for Social DevelopmentAbstainedAgainstEPP
9 Oct 2025Amendment 8 to paragraph 15 Second World Summit for Social DevelopmentAbstainedAgainstEPP
9 Oct 2025Amendment 6, adding text after paragraph 4 United response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructureAbstainedAgainstEPP
8 Oct 2025Amendment 121, adding text after recital 3 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chainAbstainedAgainstEPP
11 Sept 2025Amendment 47, adding text after paragraph 1 Gaza at breaking point: EU action to combat famine and the urgent need to release hostages and move towards a two-state solutionAbstainedAgainstEPP
11 Sept 2025Amendment 1 Stock-taking of the European elections 2024ForAgainstEPP
11 Sept 2025Amendment 4 to paragraph 5 Implementation and streamlining of EU internal market rules to strengthen the single marketAbstainedAgainstEPP
11 Sept 2025Amendment 6 to recital F Detention of EU citizens in the occupied areas of CyprusForAgainstEPP
11 Sept 2025Amendment 9 to paragraph 7 Detention of EU citizens in the occupied areas of CyprusForAgainstEPP
11 Sept 2025Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 6 Detention of EU citizens in the occupied areas of CyprusForAgainstEPP
11 Sept 2025Amendment 4 to paragraph 4 Detention of EU citizens in the occupied areas of CyprusForAgainstEPP
11 Sept 2025Amendment 3 to paragraph 2 Detention of EU citizens in the occupied areas of CyprusForAgainstEPP
11 Sept 2025Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 1 Detention of EU citizens in the occupied areas of CyprusForAgainstEPP
10 Sept 2025Amendment 1 to paragraph 13 Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian hybrid threats and malign interferenceAbstainedForEPP
10 Sept 2025Amendment 3, adding text after recital AN Future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policyAbstainedAgainstEPP
10 Sept 2025Separate vote on recital O Role of cohesion policy investment in resolving the current housing crisisForAgainstEPP
9 Sept 2025Separate vote on paragraph 84 2023 and 2024 reports on UkraineAgainstForEPP
9 Sept 2025Amendment 44, adding text after paragraph 43 2023 and 2024 reports on UkraineAbstainedAgainstEPP
9 Sept 2025Amendment 21, adding text after recital AE Public procurementForAgainstEPP
9 Sept 2025Separate vote on recital AA Public procurementForAgainstEPP
9 Sept 2025Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 82 Public procurementForAgainstEPP
10 Jul 2025Amendment 2, adding text after recital S Future of the EU biotechnology and biomanufacturing sector: leveraging research, boosting innovation and enhancing competitivenessAbstainedAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Final vote — text as a whole 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaAgainstForEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 9, adding text after recital H 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaForAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 1 to recital C 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaForAgainstEPP
Show all 154 votes
Position: the member’s vote. Clear line: the position of at least two thirds of Group (at least 10 members voting), the group they sat in on that day.
DateVotePositionClear lineGroup
9 Jul 2025Amendment 8, adding text after citation 23 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaForAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 79 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaForAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 27, adding text after paragraph 79 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaForAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 45 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaForAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 26, adding text after paragraph 31 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaForAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 4 to paragraph 29 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaForAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 25 to paragraph 8 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaForAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendments 3 + 14 (voted as one) to paragraph 8 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaForAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 24, adding text after paragraph 6 2023 and 2024 reports on North MacedoniaForAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 13 2023 and 2024 reports on Bosnia and HerzegovinaAbstainedAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 5, adding text after recital C 2023 and 2024 reports on AlbaniaAbstainedAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Final vote — text as a whole 2023 and 2024 reports on AlbaniaAbstainedForEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 4, adding text after recital C 2023 and 2024 reports on AlbaniaAbstainedAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 10 to paragraph 26 2023 and 2024 reports on AlbaniaAbstainedAgainstEPP
9 Jul 2025Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 23 2023 and 2024 reports on AlbaniaForAbstainedEPP
8 Jul 2025Amendment 1 to recital D Security of energy supply in the EUAbstainedAgainstEPP
8 Jul 2025Amendment 7 to paragraph 13 Security of energy supply in the EUAbstainedAgainstEPP
8 Jul 2025Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 41 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024ForAgainstEPP
18 Jun 2025Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 6 2023 and 2024 reports on MoldovaForAbstainedEPP
17 Jun 2025Separate vote on paragraph 33 Financing for development – ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development in SevilleForAgainstEPP
17 Jun 2025Amendment 29 — part 5 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast)AbstainedForEPP
17 Jun 2025Amendment 16 — part 3 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast)AbstainedForEPP
17 Jun 2025Amendment 16 — part 2 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast)AbstainedForEPP
7 May 2025Final vote — text as a whole 2023 and 2024 reports on KosovoAgainstForEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 9 to paragraph 29 2023 and 2024 reports on KosovoAbstainedAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 8 to paragraph 27 2023 and 2024 reports on KosovoAbstainedAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 1 2023 and 2024 reports on KosovoForAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Final vote — text as a whole 2023 and 2024 reports on SerbiaAbstainedForEPP
7 May 2025Final vote — text as a whole 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAbstainedForEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 38, adding text after recital K 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAbstainedAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 37, adding text after recital K 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAbstainedAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Separate vote on paragraph 57 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAbstainedForEPP
7 May 2025Paragraph 51 — part 2 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAgainstForEPP
7 May 2025Paragraph 51 — part 1 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAgainstForEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 11 to paragraph 50 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAbstainedForEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 28 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeForAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 41, adding text after paragraph 25 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAbstainedAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 7 to paragraph 21 — part 2 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeForAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 7 to paragraph 21 — part 1 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeForAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 40, adding text after paragraph 6 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeForAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 22, adding text after paragraph 1 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeForAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 21, adding text after paragraph 1 — part 3 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAbstainedAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 21, adding text after paragraph 1 — part 2 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAbstainedAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 21, adding text after paragraph 1 — part 1 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAbstainedAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 1 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAbstainedAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 39 to paragraph 1 2023 and 2024 reports on TürkiyeAbstainedAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 28 A revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing worldForAgainstEPP
7 May 2025Amendment 5 to paragraph 8 Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European External Action ServiceAbstainedAgainstEPP
6 May 2025Amendment 8, adding text after recital L Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – combating fraud – annual report 2023AbstainedAgainstEPP
5 May 2025Wednesday’s agenda — Request by the ECR Group — Cyprus (resolution) Final vote Wednesday’s agenda – Request by the ECR Group – Cyprus (resolution)ForAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 65, adding text after paragraph 58 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024ForAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 52 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 61, adding text after paragraph 45 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Paragraph 45 — part 2 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024AgainstForEPP
2 Apr 2025Paragraph 49 — part 4 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024AgainstForEPP
2 Apr 2025Paragraph 49 — part 3 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024AgainstForEPP
2 Apr 2025Paragraph 49 — part 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024AgainstForEPP
2 Apr 2025Paragraph 49 — part 1 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024AgainstForEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 133 to paragraph 49 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 140 to paragraph 49 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 85 to paragraph 49 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 131 to paragraph 33 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 130 to paragraph 31 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 119, adding text after paragraph 24 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024AbstainedForEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 12 to recital Q Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 52, adding text after paragraph 70 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Paragraph 45 — part 4 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AgainstForEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 16 to paragraph 45 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Paragraph 44 — part 2 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AgainstForEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 49 to paragraph 44 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024ForAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 15 to paragraph 43 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 147 to paragraph 4, after indent 8 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Final vote Strengthening the security of identity cards of Union citizens and of residence documents issued to Union citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movementAgainstForEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 8 Strengthening the security of identity cards of Union citizens and of residence documents issued to Union citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movementAbstainedForEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 75, adding text after paragraph 41 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIForAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 46, adding text after paragraph 32 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIAbstainedAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 14 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIForAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 13 to paragraph 14 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIForAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 25, adding text after paragraph 12 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIAbstainedAgainstEPP
2 Apr 2025Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 6 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section IIIAbstainedAgainstEPP
13 Mar 2025Paragraph 13 — part 2 Social and employment aspects of restructuring processes: the need to protect jobs and workers’ rightsForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Amendment 39 to recital F The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in SyriaForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 28 — part 2 The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in SyriaAbstainedAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 5 The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in SyriaForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 4 The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in SyriaForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 58 — part 3 White paper on the future of European defenceAgainstForEPP
12 Mar 2025Amendment 62 to paragraph 58 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 56 White paper on the future of European defenceForAbstainedEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 19 — part 3 White paper on the future of European defenceAbstainedForEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 19 — part 2 White paper on the future of European defenceAgainstForEPP
12 Mar 2025Amendment 49, adding text after paragraph 5 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 1 White paper on the future of European defenceForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 6 — part 4 Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggressionAgainstForEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 31 — part 4 European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025ForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 29 — part 2 European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025ForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 24 — part 2 European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025ForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 23 — part 2 European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025ForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 19 — part 2 European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025ForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 17 — part 2 European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025AbstainedForEPP
12 Mar 2025Paragraph 7 — part 2 European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025ForAgainstEPP
12 Mar 2025Separate vote on paragraph 3 European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social priorities for 2025ForAgainstEPP
11 Feb 2025Amendment 17, adding text before recital A European Central Bank – annual report 2024AbstainedAgainstEPP
11 Feb 2025Paragraph 32 — part 1 European Central Bank – annual report 2024AgainstForEPP
11 Feb 2025Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 26 European Central Bank – annual report 2024ForAgainstEPP

By member, 1

Members with at least one vote where their group had a clear line. Order: by rate, for members with at least 300 clear-line votes (the rest follow by name) — not a ranking.

Against the line: votes against the group’s clear line ÷ clear-line votes (votes where the member’s group at the date had a clear line and the member voted); a count below 50. Of the votes against: opposite (for ↔ against), abstained against the line, other (for or against when the line was to abstain), and with own party — with the majority of their national party’s members in the group (at least two voting).
MemberAgainst the lineClear-line votesOppositeAbstainedOtherWith own party
Loucas FOURLAS , EPP · Cyprus 8.1 %1 89790613125

About these figures

What was counted, what was left out, and how.

  • 2 891 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
  • 78 of 371 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
  • A vote counts against the group’s line when the group’s clear line — at least two thirds of its votes cast, with at least 10 members voting — was different from the member’s position; a divided group has no line to vote against (method). This is a different rule from group loyalty, which uses the majority line (loyalty).
  • Ordered by rate, only members with at least 300 votes where their group had a clear line are compared; fewer votes make a rate unstable, and below 50 the figure is shown as a count.
  • Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
  • Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
  • Methods: Voted against the group’s clear line v1, Voted with the group’s majority line v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
  • Data as of 29 Sept 2026, 03:29 UTC (data stamp 2b7a29b98b0d, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
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Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=197414&to=2025-12-31
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
29 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · Loucas FOURLAS”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=197414&to=2025-12-31 (retrieved 29 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-29,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · Loucas FOURLAS}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=197414&to=2025-12-31}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=197414&to=2025-12-31},
  urldate = {2026-09-29},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}