Text · Amendment list
Temporary trade-liberalisation measures supplementing trade concessions applicable to Ukrainian products under the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part
Full title
Temporary trade-liberalisation measures supplementing trade concessions applicable to Ukrainian products under the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part
Document INTA-AM-759640 · COM(2024)0050 – C90000/0000 – 2024/0028(COD)
- Kind
- Amendment list INTA-AM-759640
- Date
- 23 February 2024
- Committee
- Committee on International Trade
- Dossier
- 2024-0028
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- COM(2024)0050 – C90000/0000 – 2024/0028(COD)
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| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (7) The temporary trade-liberalisation measures established by this Regulation should take the following form: (i) the suspension of the application of the entry price system to fruit and vegetables; (ii) the suspension of tariff-rate quotas and import duties; and (iii) the suspension of the application of Chapter V and Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 of the European Parliament and of the Council 11. Through those measures, the Union will, in effect, temporarily provide appropriate economic and financial support to the benefit of Ukraine and the economic operators that are affected. | (7) The temporary trade-liberalisation measures established by this Regulation should take the following form: (i) the suspension of the application of the entry price system to fruit and vegetables; (ii) the suspension of tariff-rate quotas and import duties; and (iii) the suspension of the application of Chapter V of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 of the European Parliament and of the Council 11. Through those measures, the Union will, in effect, temporarily provide appropriate economic and financial support to the benefit of Ukraine and the economic operators that are affected. |
Article 24 gives Member States the possibility of application, in exceptional circumstances, in import from third countries of measures to protect public health and security. This provision should not be suspended with regard to imports from Ukraine.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (7) The temporary trade-liberalisation measures established by this Regulation should take the following form: (i) the suspension of the application of the entry price system to fruit and vegetables; (ii) the suspension of tariff-rate quotas and import duties; and (iii) the suspension of the application of Chapter V and Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 of the European Parliament and of the Council 11. Through those measures, the Union will, in effect, temporarily provide appropriate economic and financial support to the benefit of Ukraine and the economic operators that are affected. | (7) The temporary trade-liberalisation measures established by this Regulation should take the following form: (i) the suspension of the application of the entry price system to fruit and vegetables; (ii) the suspension of tariff-rate quotas and import duties; and (iii) the suspension of the application of Chapter V of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 of the European Parliament and of the Council 11. Through those measures, the Union will, in effect, temporarily provide appropriate economic and financial support to the benefit of Ukraine and the economic operators that are affected. |
Article 24 gives Member States the possibility of application, in exceptional circumstances, in import from third countries of measures to protect public health and security. This provision should not be suspended with regard to imports from Ukraine.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (8 a) The Commission should ensure that imported products from Ukraine comply with EU standards, especially in the context of the war that could affect the quality of products in terms of toxic traces. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (8 b) The Commission should ensure that the revenues from these imports do not benefit Ukrainian oligarchs who hold the largest share of the country's agricultural market. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for poultry, eggs, and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2022 and 2023. | (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for wheat, barley, grains, oats, maize, seed oils, honey, poultry, eggs, and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for all agricultural products, in particular for wheat, barley, grain, oats, maize, seed oils, honey, eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2021 and 2022. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for poultry, eggs, and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2022 and 2023. | (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for cereals, poultry, eggs, honey and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for cereals like common wheat, barley, oats and maize, as well as for honey, eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2021 and 2022. This reference period reflects the import quantities before and during the trade liberalisation, which was implemented as a direct response of solidarity to Ukraine in the face of Russia’s war of aggression, including the Russian blockade in the Black Sea, which also facilitated the Russian takeover of traditional markets for Ukrainian agricultural exports in North Africa and Central Asia, where Russia is currently dumping its cereal and oilseed products to gain political influence to the detriment of the EU. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for poultry, eggs, and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2022 and 2023. | (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for wheat, poultry, eggs, sugar and honey that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for wheat, eggs, poultry, sugar and honey products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2021 and 2022. |
Wheat and honey are also heavily impacted by imports from Ukraine and should be included among the commodities eligible for the automatic safeguard.
The reference period 2022-2023 is taking into account imports only when trade was fully liberalized, thus it would stabilize the imports at the current high levels, which is already causing market disruptions for Member States. Having a reference period of 2021-2022, a mix of pre and post liberalization, would create a fair balance.
Iuliu Winkler, Arnaud Danjean, Annie SchreijerPierik, MarianJean Marinescu, Loránt Vincze, MirceaGheorghe Hava, Gheorghe Falcă, Traian Băsescu, Vasile Blaga, Siegfried Mureşan, IoanRareş Bogdan, CristianSilviu Buşoi, Daniel Caspary
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for poultry, eggs, and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2022 and 2023. | (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for cereals, oilseeds, poultry, eggs, sugar and honey and that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for cereals, oilseeds, eggs, poultry, sugar and honey products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2021, 2022 and 2023. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for poultry, eggs, and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2022 and 2023. | (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for poultry, eggs, and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in the period 2021-2023. |
This amendment serves to shorten the time before the decision is taken to introduce a safeguard and to extend the maximum period for a temporary safeguard from 120 to 150 days. Both are needed to better protect sensitive agricultural sectors.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for poultry, eggs, and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2022 and 2023. | (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for poultry, eggs, and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in the period 2021-2023. |
In the years 2022 and 2023 import from Ukraine increased substantially in comparison to 2021. The reference period of2021-2023 would be more representative.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for poultry, eggs, and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2022 and 2023. | (11) Subject to an assessment by the Commission carried out in the context of the regular monitoring of the impact of this Regulation and launched either following a duly substantiated request from a Member State or on the Commission’s own initiative, it is because of the specific difficulties that have arisen at the moment of the adoption of this regulation necessary to provide for the possibility to take any necessary measures for imports of any products falling under the scope of this Regulation which are adversely affecting the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products. There is a particularly precarious situation in the markets for poultry, eggs, and sugar that may harm Union agricultural producers if imports from Ukraine were to increase. It is appropriate to introduce an automatic safeguard for eggs, poultry, and sugar products that is activated if quantities imported pursuant to this Regulation exceed the arithmetic mean of quantities in 2022 and 2023. It is important that the regime for safeguard measures provided for in this Regulation allow the Union to address this exceptional situation and does not set a precedent for future trade-liberalisation measures for Ukraine. This exceptional situation could justify the open definition of possible safeguard measures, the possibility to apply such measures in situations where adverse effects are limited to the market of one or several Member States and the introduction of automatic safeguards as provisions of an exceptional nature. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11 a) As the application of different measures taken at Member State level would threaten the unity of the Union's common commercial policy and could create obstacles to the internal market, it is necessary that safeguard measures aiming at addressing adverse effects on the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for products covered by this regulation are adopted exclusively pursuant to this Regulation. |
The present regulation provides the sole legal basis for adoping safeguard measures. Any measures adopted by EU Member States autonomously should be considered illegal, including the import restricting measures that are still being applied by Hungay, Poland and Slovakia.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 2. The application of Chapter V and Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 shall be temporarily suspended with regard to imports originating in Ukraine. | 2. The application of Chapter V of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 shall be temporarily suspended with regard to imports originating in Ukraine. |
Article 24 gives Member States the possibility of application, in exceptional circumstances, in import from third countries of measures to protect public health and security. This provision should not be suspended with regard to imports from Ukraine.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 2. The application of Chapter V and Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 shall be temporarily suspended with regard to imports originating in Ukraine. | 2. The application of Chapter V of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 shall be temporarily suspended with regard to imports originating in Ukraine. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (c) Ukraine's respect for democratic principles, human rights and fundamental freedoms and respect for the principle of the rule of law as well as continued and sustained efforts with regard to the fight against corruption, and illegal activities provided for in Articles 2, 3 and 22 of the Association Agreement. | (c) Ukraine's respect for democratic principles, human rights and fundamental freedoms and respect for the principle of the rule of law as well as continued and sustained efforts with regard to collecting taxes, in particular from companies benefitting from the provisions of this regulation, to the fight against corruption, and illegal activities provided for in Articles 2, 3 and 22 of the Association Agreement. |
Several of the companies benefitting the most from exporting poultry, eggs, and sugar under the provisions established by this regulation, and in particular the MHP corporation owned by Yuriy Kosyuk, are reported as notorious for tax avoidance, for instance by shifting the address of companies to Cyprus or to tax havens such as the British Virgin Islands.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 1. If a product covered by Article 1(1) originating in Ukraine is imported under conditions which adversely affect the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products, the Commission may impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 5(3). | 1. If a product covered by Article 1 originating in Ukraine is imported under conditions which adversely affect the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products, the Commission may impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 5(3). |
Safeguard measures based on article 4 should be applicable to all products imported from Ukraine, not only to those specified in par 1 of Article 1 (products covered by TRQs and entry prices).
Article 1 par 2 applies to all imports from Ukraine and suspends the possibility of applying standard WTO safeguards. Therefore, the possibility of safeguard measures under article 4 of ATM regulation should also apply to all imports.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 1. If a product covered by Article 1(1) originating in Ukraine is imported under conditions which adversely affect the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products, the Commission may impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 5(3). | 1. If a product covered by Article 1 originating in Ukraine is imported under conditions which adversely affect the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products, the Commission may impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 5(3). |
Safeguard measures based on article 4 should be applicable to all products imported from Ukraine, not only to those specified in par 1 of Article 1 (products covered by TRQs and entry prices). That is why the "(l )" part should be deleted.
Article 1 par 2 applies to all imports from Ukraine and suspends the possibility of applying standard WTO safeguards. Therefore the possibility of safeguard measures under article 4 of ATM regulation should also apply to all imports.
Iuliu Winkler, Arnaud Danjean, Annie SchreijerPierik, MarianJean Marinescu, Loránt Vincze, MirceaGheorghe Hava, Gheorghe Falcă, Traian Băsescu, Vasile Blaga, Siegfried Mureşan, IoanRareş Bogdan, CristianSilviu Buşoi, Daniel Caspary
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 1. If a product covered by Article 1(1) originating in Ukraine is imported under conditions which adversely affect the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products, the Commission may impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 5(3). | 1 If a product covered by Article 1(1) or any other product originating in Ukraine is imported under conditions which adversely affect the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products, the Commission may impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 5(3). |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 1. If a product covered by Article 1(1) originating in Ukraine is imported under conditions which adversely affect the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products, the Commission may impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 5(3). | 1. If a product covered by Article 1(1) or any other agricultural product originating in Ukraine is imported under conditions which adversely affect the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products, the Commission may impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 5(3). |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 5. In critical circumstances where delay would cause damage that would be difficult to repair, the Commission may provisionally impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. Such measures may only be imposed upon a duly substantiated request from a Member State pursuant to paragraph 3(a) of this Article and shall be adopted within 21 days after the request has been received. The implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 5(4). The duration of a provisional safeguard measure shall not exceed 120 days. | 5. In critical circumstances where delay would cause damage that would be difficult to repair, the Commission may provisionally impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. Such measures may only be imposed upon a duly substantiated request from a Member State pursuant to paragraph 3(a) of this Article and shall be adopted within 14 days after the request has been received. The implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 5(4). The duration of a provisional safeguard measure shall not exceed 150 days. |
This amendment serves to shorten the time before the decision is taken to introduce a safeguard and to extend the maximum period for a temporary safeguard from 120 to 150 days. Both are needed to better protect sensitive agricultural sectors.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 5. In critical circumstances where delay would cause damage that would be difficult to repair, the Commission may provisionally impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. Such measures may only be imposed upon a duly substantiated request from a Member State pursuant to paragraph 3(a) of this Article and shall be adopted within 21 days after the request has been received. The implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 5(4). The duration of a provisional safeguard measure shall not exceed 120 days. | 5. In critical circumstances where delay would cause damage that would be difficult to repair, the Commission may provisionally impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. Such measures may only be imposed upon a duly substantiated request from a Member State pursuant to paragraph 3(a) of this Article and shall be adopted within 14 days after the request has been received. The implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 5(4). The duration of a provisional safeguard measure shall not exceed 150 days. |
This amendment serves to shorten the time before the decision is taken to introduce a safeguard and to extend the maximum period for a temporary safeguard from 120 to 150 days. Both are needed to better protect sensitive agricultural sectors.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 5. In critical circumstances where delay would cause damage that would be difficult to repair, the Commission may provisionally impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. Such measures may only be imposed upon a duly substantiated request from a Member State pursuant to paragraph 3(a) of this Article and shall be adopted within 21 days after the request has been received. The implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 5(4). The duration of a provisional safeguard measure shall not exceed 120 days. | 5. In critical circumstances where delay would cause damage that would be difficult to repair, the Commission may provisionally impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. Such measures may only be imposed upon a duly substantiated request from a Member State pursuant to paragraph 3(a) of this Article and shall be adopted within 10 days after the request has been received. The implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 5(4). The duration of a provisional safeguard measure shall not exceed 120 days. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2022 and 2023, the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: | 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either wheat, barley, grains, oats, maize, seed oils, honey, eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2021 and 2022, the Commission shall, within 10 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2022 and 2023, the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: | 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either common wheat, barley, oats, maize, honey, eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2021 and 2022, the Commission shall, within 14 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: |
EU markets for cereals and honey are heavily impacted by imports from Ukraine as well and should be added together with the 3 commodities eligible for the automatic safeguard. Those markets are not only influenced by additional imports but also through a reduction in EU exports and consumption. Including cereals in the automatic safeguard mechanism will preserve internal market’s integrity.
The reference period 2022-2023 only takes into account imports during a period when trade was already fully liberalized. So the automatic safeguard would be activated only at very high thresholds. Therefore it will not solve the issue of the disruptions of these markets. Having a reference period of 2021-2022, which is a mix of pre and post liberalization, will ensure a better access for Ukrainian producers than before liberalization, while ensuring the burden is reduced for EU farmers.
The 21 days for the activation of the safeguard is too long and a lot of products can continue to be imported during these 3 weeks. A 14 days activation period seems sufficient for products, which are on their way to reach their destination, while avoiding too many additional imports on top of the agreed threshold.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2022 and 2023, the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: | 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either wheat, eggs, poultry, sugar or honey since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2021 and 2022, the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: |
Wheat and honey are also heavily impacted by imports from Ukraine and should be included among the commodities eligible for the automatic safeguard.
The reference period 2022-2023 is taking into account imports only when trade was fully liberalized, thus it would stabilize the imports at the current high levels, which is already causing market disruptions for Member States. Having a reference period of 2021-2022, a mix of pre and post liberalization, would create a fair balance.
Iuliu Winkler, Arnaud Danjean, Annie SchreijerPierik, MarianJean Marinescu, Loránt Vincze, MirceaGheorghe Hava, Gheorghe Falcă, Traian Băsescu, Vasile Blaga, Siegfried Mureşan, IoanRareş Bogdan, CristianSilviu Buşoi, Daniel Caspary
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2022 and 2023, the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: | 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either common wheat, wheat flours, and pellets; barley, barley flour and pellets; oats; maize, maize flour and pellets; barley groats and meal; cereal grains otherwise worked; sunflower seeds, oil and meals; rapeseed seeds, oil and meal; honey; eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Commission shall, within 10 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2022 and 2023, the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: | 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in the period 2021-2023, the Commission shall, within 14 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2022 and 2023, the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: | 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in the period 2021-2023, the Commission shall, within 14 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2022 and 2023, the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: | 7. If, during the period 6 June to 31 December 2024, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar since 1 January 2024 reach the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards established by Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478: |
Import volumes from the last year before the first autonomous trade measures let to an increase of Ukrainian exports shall be taken into account, to better reflect the pre-war market situation and cost calculations and the pressure emerging for farmers in EU Member States from this autonomous trade measure.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (a) reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b, until 31 December 2024; and | (a) reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b, until 31 December 2024 or in the case of seed oils introduce a new tariff-rate quota based on their respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2021 and 2022, until 31 December 2024; and |
Iuliu Winkler, Arnaud Danjean, Annie SchreijerPierik, MarianJean Marinescu, Loránt Vincze, MirceaGheorghe Hava, Gheorghe Falcă, Traian Băsescu, Vasile Blaga, Siegfried Mureşan, IoanRareş Bogdan, CristianSilviu Buşoi, Daniel Caspary
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (a) reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b, until 31 December 2024; and | (a) reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b, until 31 December 2024 or in the case of sunflower seeds, oil and meals; rapeseed seeds, oil and meal; introduce a new tariff-rate quota based on the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2021, 2022 and 2023, until 31 December 2024; and |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (a a) promote Ukraine in exporting any product that has reached the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2021 and 2022, to markets outside the EU; and |
From a geopolitical point of view we have to help Ukraine regain market share outside of the EU, especially those markets and products where we see Russia filling in the gaps.
Iuliu Winkler, Arnaud Danjean, Annie SchreijerPierik, MarianJean Marinescu, Loránt Vincze, MirceaGheorghe Hava, Gheorghe Falcă, Traian Băsescu, Vasile Blaga, Siegfried Mureşan, IoanRareş Bogdan, CristianSilviu Buşoi, Daniel Caspary
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (b) introduce from 1 January 2025 either a tariff-rate quota equal to five twelfths of that arithmetic mean or the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b, whichever is higher. | (b) introduce from 1 January 2025 either a tariff-rate quota equal to five twelfths of that arithmetic mean or the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b, whichever is lower. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (b) introduce from 1 January 2025 either a tariff-rate quota equal to five twelfths of that arithmetic mean or the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b, whichever is higher. | (b) introduce from 1 January 2025 either a tariff-rate quota equal to five twelfths of that arithmetic mean or the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b, whichever is lower. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (b) introduce from 1 January 2025 either a tariff-rate quota equal to five twelfths of that arithmetic mean or the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b, whichever is higher. | (b) introduce from 1 January 2025 either a tariff-rate quota equal to five twelfths of that arithmetic mean or the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b, whichever is lower. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded 2022 and 2023,the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b. | If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either wheat, barley, grains, oats, maize, seed oils, honey, eggs, poultry or sugar for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded 2021 and 2022, the Commission shall, within 10 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b or in the case of seed oils introduce a new tariff-rate quota based on their respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2021 and 2022, until 31 December 2024. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded 2022 and 2023,the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b. | If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either common wheat, barley, oats, maize, honey, eggs, poultry or sugar for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded 2021 and 2022, the Commission shall, within 14 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded 2022 and 2023,the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b. | If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either wheat, eggs, poultry, sugar or honey for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded 2021 and 2022, the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b. |
Iuliu Winkler, Arnaud Danjean, Annie SchreijerPierik, MarianJean Marinescu, Loránt Vincze, MirceaGheorghe Hava, Gheorghe Falcă, Traian Băsescu, Vasile Blaga, Siegfried Mureşan, IoanRareş Bogdan, CristianSilviu Buşoi, Daniel Caspary
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded 2022 and 2023,the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b. | If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either common wheat, flours, and pellets; barley, flour and pellets; oats; maize, flour and pellets; barley groats and meal; cereal grains otherwise worked; sunflower seeds, oil and meals; rapeseed seeds, oil and meal; honey; eggs, poultry or sugar for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Commission shall, within 10 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b or in the case of sunflower seeds, oil and meals; rapeseed seeds, oil and meal; introduce a new tariff-rate quota based on the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in 2021, 2022 and 2023. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded 2022 and 2023,the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b. | If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in the period 2021-2023,the Commission shall, within 14 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded 2022 and 2023,the Commission shall, within 21 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b. | If, during the period 1 January to 5 June 2025, cumulative import volumes of either eggs, poultry or sugar for the period since 1 January 2025 reach five twelfths of the respective arithmetic mean of import volumes recorded in the period 2021-2023,the Commission shall, within 14 days and after informing the Committee on Safeguards, reintroduce for that product the corresponding tariff-rate quota suspended by Article 1(1), point b. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms eggs, poultry and sugar refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, and sugars, and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in 2022 and 2023 by two. | For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms common wheat, barley, oats, maize, honey, eggs, poultry and sugar refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, common wheat, flours, and pellets, barley, flour and pellets, barley groats and meal, cereal grains otherwise worked, oats, maize, flour and pellets, honey, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, and sugars, and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in 2021 and 2022 by two. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms eggs, poultry and sugar refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, and sugars, and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in 2022 and 2023 by two. | For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms wheat, barley, grains, oats, maize, seed oils, honey, eggs, poultry and sugar refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, wheat, barley, grains, oats, maize, seed oils, honey, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, and sugars, and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in 2021 and 2022 by two. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms eggs, poultry and sugar refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, and sugars, and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in 2022 and 2023 by two. | For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms wheat, eggs, poultry, sugar or honey for refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, wheat, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, sugars, and honey and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in 2021 and 2022 by two. |
Iuliu Winkler, Arnaud Danjean, Annie SchreijerPierik, MarianJean Marinescu, Loránt Vincze, MirceaGheorghe Hava, Gheorghe Falcă, Traian Băsescu, Vasile Blaga, Siegfried Mureşan, IoanRareş Bogdan, CristianSilviu Buşoi, Daniel Caspary
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms eggs, poultry and sugar refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, and sugars, and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in 2022 and 2023 by two. | For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms common wheat, flours, and pellet ; barley, flour and pellets; oats; maize, flour and pellets; barley groats and meal; cereal grains otherwise worked; sunflower seeds, oil and meals; rapeseed seeds, oil and meal; honey; eggs, poultry and sugar refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, common wheat, wheat flours, and pellets; barley, barley flour and pellets; oats ; maize, maize flour and pellets; barley groats and meal; cereal grains otherwise worked; sunflower seeds, oil and meals; rapeseed seeds, oil and meal; honey, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, and sugars, and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in 2021, 2022 and 2023 by three. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms eggs, poultry and sugar refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, and sugars, and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in 2022 and 2023 by two. | For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms eggs, poultry and sugar refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, and sugars, and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in the period 2021-2023 by three. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms eggs, poultry and sugar refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, and sugars, and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in 2022 and 2023 by two. | For the purposes of this paragraph, the terms eggs, poultry and sugar refer to all products covered by the tariff-rate quotas in the Appendix to Annex I-A of the Association Agreement for, respectively, eggs and albumins, poultry meat and poultry meat preparations, and sugars, and the arithmetic mean shall be calculated by dividing the sum of import volumes in the period 2021-2023 by three. |
Iuliu Winkler, Arnaud Danjean, Annie SchreijerPierik, MarianJean Marinescu, Loránt Vincze, MirceaGheorghe Hava, Gheorghe Falcă, Traian Băsescu, Vasile Blaga, Siegfried Mureşan, IoanRareş Bogdan, CristianSilviu Buşoi, Daniel Caspary
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 8 a. If a product covered by Article 1(1) originating in Ukraine is imported in the EU or transit by the EU, the destination for all consignments of that product should be determined prior to entry into the EU by Ukrainian authorities. Furthermore, Ukrainian authorities should provide to the European Commission the necessary documentation certifying that those consignments reached their destination. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 8 a. When a product covered by Article 1(1) originating in Ukraine enters or is transported through the EU, the destination of all consignments of that product should be determined prior to entry into the EU. The exporter shall provide the relevant authorities with the necessary documentation proving that these consignments have reached their destination. |
Some imports of Ukrainian agricultural products do not reach their planned destinations and end up in other locations creating issues on local and regional markets. GPS tracking, sealing or any other system that helps to facilitate the transport to the foreseen destination are vital.
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 8 a. A product covered by Article 1(1) originating in Ukraine can enter in the Union market only if the Ukrainian authorities declare its final destination prior to the entry of the product concerned into the Union market. When the import is authorised, the Ukrainian authorities shall provide to the Commission the necessary documentation certifying that the product concerned reached the declared final destination. |
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| If a product covered by Article 1(1) originating in Ukraine is imported under conditions which adversely affect the Union market or the market of one or several Member States for like or directly competing products, the Commission may impose any measure which is necessary by means of an implementing act. That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 5(3). | Commission shall report twice a year to Member States on the state of play regarding implementation by Ukraine of its obligations under Annex V to the DCFTA and the process of approximation of Ukrainian law to EU standards and requirements in agricultural production, in particular the food safety and animal welfare standards. |
The degree of compatibility of UA law with EU regulations in the field of standards and requirements in agricultural production is an important factor influencing the conditions of competition of Ukrainian products with EU agricultural production. That is why we think it is appropriate for the Commision to regularly report on the state in this field.
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Cite as
European Parliament (2024). “AMENDMENTS 1 - 51 - Draft report Temporary trade-liberalisation measures supplementing trade concessions applicable to Ukrainian products under the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part”. Text, 23 February 2024. docId INTA-AM-759640. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/texts/INTA-AM-759640 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Data: EP Open Data API: document record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/documents/INTA-AM-759640 (CC BY 4.0).
BibTeX
@misc{epw-text-inta-am-759640,
author = {{European Parliament}},
title = {{AMENDMENTS 1 - 51 - Draft report Temporary trade-liberalisation measures supplementing trade concessions applicable to Ukrainian products under the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part}},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-02-23},
howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/texts/INTA-AM-759640}},
url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/texts/INTA-AM-759640},
urldate = {2026-09-25},
publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
note = {Text. docId INTA-AM-759640. Data: EP Open Data API: document record (CC BY 4.0)}
}