On four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for Ukraine

B100146/2026

European Parliament resolution on four years of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and European contributions to a just peace and sustained security for Ukraine

(2026/2599(RSP))

The European Parliament,

–having regard to its previous resolutions on Ukraine and Russia,

–having regard to the European Council conclusions of 18 December 2025,

–having regard to the Commission proposal of 14 January 2026 for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the Ukraine Support Loan for 2026 and 2027 (COM(2026)0020), which sets out to establish a support loan for Ukraine for an amount of EUR 90 billion,

–having regard to Regulation (EU) 2026/261 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 January 2026 on phasing out Russian natural gas imports and preparing the phase-out of Russian oil imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1938,

–having regard to the 19 EU sanctions packages against Russia,

–having regard to Rule 167(2) of its Rules of Procedure,

A.whereas Russia has been waging a brutal, unprovoked and unjustified full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine since 24 February 2022; whereas Russia’s assault against Ukraine started in 2014 with the illegal occupation and annexation of the Crimean peninsula and the subsequent occupation of parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions;

B.whereas the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine has severely undermined European and global security and is part of a broader imperialistic and expansionist agenda;

C.whereas Russia consistently shows utter disregard for peace and any ceasefire agreement and continues to attack Ukrainian civilians and infrastructure; whereas over recent days and weeks, Russia has once again carried out large-scale attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure, triggering emergency power outages across several regions and damaging nuclear facilities; whereas the attacks have forced Ukrainians to endure dire living conditions, as they have been left without electricity, heating and water in freezing winter temperatures; whereas since launching its full-scale invasion in 2022, Russia has systematically targeted Ukraine’s power plants, substations and transmission lines, causing repeated blackouts across the country;

D.whereas Iran, North Korea and Belarus have provided Russia with substantial deliveries of weapons and ammunition, and Belarus has allowed Russia to use its territory to attack Ukraine, which amounts to an act of aggression under international law; whereas China has become a key enabler of the Russian war effort through its economic and defence-industrial support;

E.whereas Russia continues unabated to commit heinous war crimes against innocent civilians; whereas since February 2022, thousands of Ukrainian children have been forcibly deported or detained by the Russian authorities;

F.whereas Ukraine’s defeat would be a strategic defeat for Europe, the United States and the entire NATO alliance; whereas such an outcome would likely have far-reaching ripple effects around the world, notably in the Indo-Pacific region;

G.whereas Ukraine needs to be provided with the necessary military capabilities for as long as it takes to end Russia’s illegal war of aggression and to restore Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognised borders; whereas Ukraine defends not only itself, but also the security of Europe as a whole; whereas EU-NATO cooperation has been fundamental in coordinating weapons deliveries to Ukraine;

1.Pays tribute, on the fourth anniversary of the start of Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine, to the thousands who have sacrificed their lives for a free and democratic Ukraine; emphasises that Ukraine’s resilience remains a lasting testament to the strength of democracy when confronted with tyranny; reiterates its unwavering solidarity with the people of Ukraine and its support for the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, within its internationally recognised borders; reaffirms its full support for a just and lasting peace in Ukraine, based on terms determined by Ukraine and acceptable to its people; strongly underlines Ukraine’s inherent right to self-defence in line with Article 51 of the UN Charter;

2.Underlines that Russia’s illegal, unprovoked and unjustified war of aggression against Ukraine constitutes a blatant violation of international law and of the UN Charter, as well as an unprecedented attack on the European security architecture that has been in place since the Second World War; recalls that Russia’s aggression against Ukraine began in 2014; reiterates its firm belief that Russia’s aggression must fail and Ukraine must prevail;

3.Reiterates its condemnation, in the strongest possible terms, of Russia’s brutal war of aggression against Ukraine, as well as of the involvement of Belarus, North Korea and Iran; demands that Russia and its proxy forces immediately, completely and unconditionally cease all attacks against residential areas and civilian infrastructure, terminate all military action in Ukraine and withdraw all military forces, proxies and military equipment from the entire internationally recognised territory of Ukraine; reiterates its policy of non-recognition of the Ukrainian territories temporarily occupied by Russia, including but not limited to Crimea;

4.Urges the EU and its Member States to assume more responsibility for security on the European continent and to provide unwavering support to Ukraine while actively advocating for a lasting peace; highlights that any agreement aimed at ending Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine goes well beyond Russia and Ukraine, with profound implications for the European security order as a whole; insists, in this context, that nothing about Ukraine should be decided without Ukraine, and nothing about Europe without Europe;

5.Welcomes the conclusions of the meeting of the ‘coalition of the willing’ held in Paris on 6 January 2026; strongly welcomes the proposal for a multinational ‘reassurance force’ for Ukraine and encourages all EU Member States to thoroughly reflect on how they can best support such a force; welcomes the agreement to finalise politically and legally binding commitments to restore peace and security in the event of a future, post-ceasefire, armed attack by Russia, alongside a clear framework for support to Ukraine, including the sustenance of its long-term military capabilities and deepened defence cooperation; regrets the fact, however, that these security guarantees would only be implemented once a ceasefire is agreed upon; takes note of the talks on a ceasefire monitoring and verification mechanism; underlines the need to implement these ambitious proposals;

6.Underlines that any peace agreement must not place limitations on Ukraine’s ability to defend itself; underlines that any such agreement must offer credible security guarantees to Ukraine amounting to the level of Article 5 of the Washington Treaty and Article 42(7) of the Treaty on European Union, avoiding a repetition of the 1994 Budapest Memorandum; reconfirms that Ukraine has the freedom to choose its security and political alliances free from any Russian veto;

7.Underlines that any agreement with Russia should include a commitment by Russia to immediately cease its hybrid warfare against the EU and its partners, including Ukraine; reiterates its call on the EU and its Member States to use all available instruments, including the Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox, to deter, prevent and respond to malicious cyber activities emanating from Russia, and to further explore cyber-related restrictive measures against state-sponsored hacker groups and individuals responsible for hostile cyber operations;

8.Insists that no sanctions will be lifted before a peace agreement is negotiated and implemented; calls for the EU to impose further substantial sanctions in the event that Russia refuses to join genuine peace talks; welcomes the ongoing EU-G7 discussions on exploring a maritime services ban on all Russian oil exports; urges the EU and its Member States to work together to ban trade and commercial activities with Russia and Belarus, with a particular focus on any potential dual-use items; calls on the Council, along with its US partners, to apply a similar sanctions policy to all enabling states, including Belarus, Iran and North Korea, and to sanction Chinese entities supplying dual-use goods and military items essential for the manufacturing of drones and missiles; calls for targeted sanctions against Russia’s shadow fleet; calls on the Council to systematically tackle the issue of sanctions circumvention;

9.Welcomes the European Council’s decision of December 2025 to provide Ukraine with a EUR 90 billion financial assistance package in the form of EU-backed loans; calls for the swift implementation of the Ukraine support loan and stresses the need to respond appropriately to Ukraine’s evolving needs; welcomes the necessary flexibility featured within the package under the derogation regime laid down in Article 13(5) of the proposed regulation establishing the support loan; regrets the fact, however, that the Council was unable to reach an agreement on a more ambitious financing structure based on frozen Russian assets; welcomes the Council’s calls for Parliament to continue working on the technical and legal aspects of instruments establishing a reparations loan based on the cash balances associated with Russia’s immobilised assets;

10.Urges the EU, in coordination with NATO, to support the strengthening of Ukraine’s defence capabilities by developing an enhanced industrial partnership enabling transfers of technology and know-how, and to assist the integration of the Ukrainian defence technological and industrial base into the European defence technological and industrial base (EDTIB), while supporting EDTIB activities in Ukraine; urges the Member States and their defence industries to make additional investments and develop partnerships with Ukraine for the joint development, in the EU, of defence products; commends the Danish model of support for Ukraine and calls for greater incentives for closer cooperation between and integration of the EDTIB and Ukraine’s defence industrial base; urges those Member States that can provide such weaponry to deliver air defence systems to Ukraine to enable it to protect more of its critical infrastructure and to supply Ukraine with far-ranging missile systems so that it can revitalise its weapon production sites, missile launch sites, military airports and strategic infrastructure;

11.Calls for Ukraine’s inclusion in the EU’s military mobility corridors; reiterates the importance of ensuring the swift movement of equipment and troops from west to east and of learning lessons from the experience of the Ukrainian armed forces;

12.Welcomes the adoption of Regulation (EU) 2026/261 on phasing out Russian natural gas imports and preparing the phase-out of Russian oil imports; underlines that this measure is a crucial step towards ending the EU’s reliance on Russian fossil fuels and inflicting further strain on the Russian economy; regrets the fact that seven EU Member States imported more Russian energy in 2025 than in 2024; underlines that the Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipelines must never be reactivated and calls for their permanent decommissioning as a matter of strategic security;

13.Underlines that the forcible transfer, assimilation and indoctrination of Ukrainian children by the Russian Federation is systemic in nature and constitutes a grave breach of international humanitarian law; calls for the immediate and unconditional cessation of such practices and for the safe and unhindered return of all Ukrainian children to Ukraine or to a safe third state;

14.Emphasises that Russia’s relentless attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure not only violate international law, but also constitute a deliberate strategy to undermine civilian resilience, plunge the affected areas into turmoil and weaponise energy as a tool of coercion; stresses the critical importance of continued and increased EU humanitarian assistance to Ukraine in response to the acute humanitarian situation caused by Russia’s systematic attacks on Ukrainian cities and critical infrastructure;

15.Urges the Commission to actively support international justice mechanisms and ensure that those responsible for war crimes and crimes of aggression are held accountable; encourages the EU and its Member States to support the establishment of a special tribunal to prosecute Russia’s crime of aggression against Ukraine;

16.Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the governments and parliaments of the Member States, the President, Government and Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the United States Congress and the Russian authorities.