Changes from report parliamentary committee draft to plenary report

Added47. Stresses that addressing Interpol abuse requires affirming in domestic law and operational guidance that Interpol notices and diffusions are not subject to the same scrutiny as arrest warrants before they are issued and should not be treated as equivalent to arrest warrants; stresses that the conditions and assessments for Interpol corrective measures should be reviewed in the context of countering TNR;

Added48. Calls on the Commission to establish an EU-level appeal mechanism for abusive Interpol Red Notices, consider suspending cooperation in cases where due-process concerns exist or in-absentia verdicts are used, and withhold recognition or assistance for requests originating from perpetrator states until judicial independence is restored;

Added49. Calls on the Member States to push within Interpol for the publication, on an annual basis, of detailed statistics for each type of notice and diffusion, broken down by issuing state and indicating the number and reasons for approvals, refusals and deletions;

Added50. Calls for adequate reforms and resources to be put in place to provide long-term solutions that prevent politically motivated Red Notices and diffusion orders for arrest, including setting benchmarks preventing misuse of the Interpol notice system and enhanced scrutiny of governments with a poor human rights or TNR record;

Financial and administrative instruments of repression

Change 11

Removed30. Calls on EU financial regulators to recognise that the Financial Action Task Force’s anti-money laundering / countering of the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) framework and cybersecurity frameworks may be weaponised; therefore, calls for safeguards and redress mechanisms to be developed;

Added51. Calls on EU financial regulators and relevant supervisory authorities to recognise that compliance with FATF AML/CFT and cybersecurity frameworks may be misused as a tool for TNR to target civil society and their donors, journalists and diaspora communities, business people and their entities, associates and individuals; calls on Member States’ law enforcement and judiciaries to cooperate with financial regulators to help prevent and address abuses of financial systems and travel databases used to facilitate TNR;

Change 12

Changed31.52. Calls on lawEU enforcementfinancial andregulators, judiciariesincluding tothe cooperateAMLA, withto financialdevelop regulatorssafeguards to prevent such manipulation, including pre-freeze verifications, and addressappropriate suchscreening abuses;and data protection measures;

Change 13

RemovedAbuse of asylum and migration systems

Added53. Calls on EU financial regulators to develop victim-centred redress mechanisms to remedy financial manipulation and long-term harm, including public correction mechanisms; calls for increased coordination between financial regulators, entities and relevant supervisory authorities with the relevant EU bodies addressing TNR;

Removed32. Calls on the Member States to update their guidance for asylum and migration authorities to ensure that applicants belonging to groups commonly targeted by TNR are identified as facing heightened risk;

Added54. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish mechanisms ensuring guaranteed access to basic banking services to individuals credibly at risk of TNR and emergency financial continuity or liquidity mechanisms where repression results in sudden asset freezes;

Removed33. Calls on the Member States to recognise that denial of consular services is a form of TNR and to ensure that victims and their children can access alternative civic documentation;

Added55. Calls on Financial Intelligence Units to identify and systematically analyse TNR-linked financial patterns and report relevant findings to national and EU TNR coordination hubs;

Added56. Calls on the Member States to ensure specialised training for law-enforcement, judicial, financial and cybersecurity authorities on identifying TNR-linked financial patterns, including the misuse of FATF, Interpol and travel database tools;

Added57. Calls on the Member States to provide guidance to financial institutions, ensure that their national financial regulators have the mandate to share the data available to them with law enforcement and judiciaries, and establish an effective national complaint and review mechanism;

AddedProtecting asylum, migration and consular services from being abused by perpetrators of TNR

Added58. Highlights the denial of consular services as a form of TNR that can be linked to intimidation, surveillance or coercion; condemns the use of mobility controls by perpetrator states, including the revocation of passports, denial of consular services and other restrictions on movement;

Added59. Calls on the Commission to issue official guidelines on countering consular coercion, ensuring that persons targeted by TNR do not need to visit their national embassies or consulates abroad;

Added60. Invites the Member States to update guidance for asylum and migration authorities to ensure that the individual circumstances of applicants who are victims of TNR are properly addressed; calls on the Member States and other Schengen area countries to use the EU’s Visa Code and Handbook consistently and flexibly to address protection needs for persons targeted by TNR;

Strengthening deterrence and accountability

Change 14

Removed34. Stresses the need to increase the cost of TNR for countries that engage in it and to strengthen deterrence;

Added61. Stresses the need to increase the cost of TNR and strengthen deterrence, including through effective investigation and prosecution of perpetrators and enablers; calls on the Member States to establish clear legal liability for individuals and entities who knowingly facilitate or profit from acts of TNR on behalf of foreign states; calls furthermore for the effective implementation of corporate human rights due diligence obligations, including under the Directive on corporate sustainability due diligence, to prevent, identify, mitigate and remedy TNR-related harms across value chains; believes that an adequate measure to counter the rising phenomenon of TNR perpetrated by authoritarian regimes against individuals residing in the EU is through demonstrating that the EU can be a deterring force; therefore, urges the EU to continue to increase its own defence capabilities and reduce dependencies;

Removed35. Calls on the Member States to strengthen preventive and accountability measures, including vetting diplomats, interpreters and other relevant actors for involvement in TNR;

Added62. Calls on the Member States to strengthen preventive and accountability measures, including by vetting diplomats, official staff of the countries involved, interpreters, lobbyists’ representatives and other relevant actors for involvement in TNR prior to accreditation, and to impose appropriate measures — including expulsions, entry bans or suspension of accreditation – against individuals responsible for such acts; further calls on the Member States to share relevant information with partner countries to prevent re-accreditation or continued abuse; expresses the need to acknowledge the risks posed by TNR infiltration among democratic opposition groups abroad and to undertake coordinated, collective measures to prevent and counter such activities;

Removed36. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to increase investment in forensic, financial and digital investigations into TNR;

Added63. Calls for the EU and its Member States to monitor abusive use of judicial or law-enforcement mechanisms by perpetrator state or state-linked actors; calls for the EU and its Member States to, upon sufficient evidence, consider imposing cautionary measures on such states;

RemovedPositioning the EU as a global leader in countering TNR

Added64. Calls on the Member States to ensure that their legal frameworks prohibit interference with rights protected under the European Convention on Human Rights, including when such actions are carried out on behalf of a foreign power, and that this involvement is considered an aggravating factor in sentencing for related offences;

Removed37. Calls on the Commission and the EEAS to systematically integrate the countering of TNR into the EU’s external action;

Added65. Calls on the Council to explore the possibility of identifying TNR as a serious crime with a cross-border dimension in accordance with Article 83 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, with a view to establishing common EU rules on definitions and sanctions where appropriate; calls on the Commission to initiate legislation to harmonise the prohibition of foreign surveillance activities within the EU, in particular those activities falling under TNR;

Change 15

Changed38.66. Calls on thelaw Commissionenforcement and judiciaries to includeinvestigate TNRand asprosecute aacts categoryof inTNR itsthat ruleamount ofto lawcrimes andagainst enlargementhumanity reports;under the Rome Statute;

Change 16

Removed39. Calls on the Commission to make TNR a priority when implementing the European Democracy Shield;

Added67. Calls on the Member States, in cooperation with the Commission and the EEAS, to integrate TNR risks into EU travel information and consular guidance, including through targeted travel advisories for countries where credible evidence indicates the involvement of state authorities or proxies in TNR;

Removed40. Calls on future Council Presidencies to prioritise TNR on the EU agenda and work towards a coherent EU approach to countering TNR;

Added68. Calls on the Commission and the EEAS to ensure that individuals and entities engaging in TNR are systematically considered for listing under the EU global human rights sanctions regime (EU Magnitsky Act), and to explicitly include TNR as grounds for designation under the forthcoming EU sanctions regime on transnational organised crime;

Added69. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to increase investment in forensic, financial and digital investigations related to TNR to identify, attribute and document TNR, and to support legal proceedings brought by victims;

Added70. Calls on the Member States to prioritise the investigation and dismantling of TNR networks, including proxy actors and links to organised crime, through enhanced coordination between security, judicial and financial authorities;

AddedPositioning the European Union as a global leader in countering transnational repression

Added71. Calls on the Commission and the EEAS to systematically integrate countering TNR into EU external action, including political and human rights dialogues, engagement with non-EU countries and candidate countries, and public diplomacy, and to raise concerns publicly; calls on the Commission and the EEAS to include conditions preventing the abuse of multilateral and bilateral cooperation agreements in criminal matters for TNR in international agreements and cooperation frameworks, including the possibility of suspension;

Added72. Calls for the EU and its Member States to raise TNR cases, including coercion-by-proxy and family-based repression in bilateral relations with perpetrator states, and to call for the cessation of such practices;

Added73. Calls on the Commission and the EEAS to strengthen strategic communication on TNR, explicitly recognising it as a global threat, strongly condemning perpetrators, and signalling EU support for targeted individuals;

Added74. Calls on the EEAS to include TNR explicitly within the mandate of the EU Special Representative for Human Rights and to ensure that it is addressed in EU human rights reporting;

Added75. Calls on the Commission and the EEAS to systematically consider TNR risks when preparing funding, cooperation and partnership agreements with non-EU countries;

Added76. Calls on the Commission to include TNR as a category in its Rule of Law Reports and enlargement reports;

Added77. Calls on the Commission to make TNR a priority in the implementation of the European Democracy Shield, especially for the European Centre for Democratic Resilience;

Added78. Calls on future Council Presidencies to prioritise TNR on the EU agenda, facilitate exchanges of best practice among Member States, and work towards a Council communication setting out a coherent EU approach to countering TNR;

Added79. Welcomes the G7 Leaders’ Statement on TNR and calls on the Council and the Commission to further strengthen coordination at G7, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and UN level, including through sustained engagement at the UN Human Rights Council, and support for the work of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights; calls, furthermore, for systematic TNR practices by perpetrator states to be taken into consideration when evaluating these countries involvement with, and initiatives within, intergovernmental bodies;

Added80. Calls on the Member States to advocate for a Council of Europe convention on TNR;

Added81. Strongly believes that the EU should coordinate closely with like-minded partners, including through exchanges of best practice on legislation, victim protection, attribution and sanctions against proxy networks;

°

° °

82. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the governments and parliaments of the Member States.