Member

Jaak MADISON

ECR · Estonia

Group: ECR
Country: Estonia
Roll-call participation: 92.4 %ⓘ of 66 roll calls in office · chamber median 93.9 % · 2024 (from july), final votes
With majority line: 65.0 %ⓘ of 60 votes where the group had a line · ECR median 92.1 %

More facts (5)

National party: KE Eesti Keskerakond
In office: Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line: 17 of 52 votesⓘ
Committees: AFET, INTA
Member id: 197493

National party: KE Eesti Keskerakond
In office: Since 16 Jul 2024
Against clear line: 17 of 52 votesⓘ
Committees: AFET, INTA
Member id: 197493

Cite this page

EP profile

Link to this page

Record

The member’s figures against the median of their group and of the chamber. Each vote counts the member in the group they belonged to that day.

Period Whole term 2024 (from July)2025 2026

Custom dates

Votes Final votes66 All roll calls516

Roll-call participation ⓘ

92.4 %

61 of 66 final votes while in office

ECR median: 92.4 % (±0.0 pts)

Chamber median: 93.9 %

With majority line ⓘ

65.0 %

39 of 60 votes where their group had a line

ECR median: 92.1 % (−27.1 pts)

Against clear line ⓘ

32.7 %

17 of 52 votes where their group had a clear line

11 opposite (for ↔ against), 5 abstained against the line, 1 voted for or against when the line was to abstain

Abstention ⓘ

13.1 %

8 of 61 votes cast

Participation 92.4 % — ECR median 92.4 %, 78 members.ⓘ

Data as a table

Participation among the 78 members of the ECR with enough votes.
Figure	Participation
Jaak MADISON	92.4 %
ECR median	92.4 %
Lowest in the group	15.2 %
Highest in the group	100.0 %
Members	78

With majority line 65.0 % — ECR median 92.1 %, 66 members.ⓘ

Data as a table

With majority line among the 66 members of the ECR with enough votes.
Figure	With majority line
Jaak MADISON	65.0 %
ECR median	92.1 %
Lowest in the group	42.4 %
Highest in the group	98.0 %
Members	66

2024 (from July), 66 final votes; 66 of 81 decisions had a final vote recorded by name. The dots are the other members of ECR; no ranks.
“No vote recorded” is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.
A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes — Parliament publishes no whip.

Votes, 620

Export

Every final roll-call vote of the term with the member’s position, newest first.

Show Final votes All roll calls

Result: for–against–abstained. Majority line: how most of the member’s group voted that day (“Tie” when no position won). ≠ group marks a vote otherwise than a clear line (at least two thirds, with at least 10 members voting) of their group.
Date	Decision	Result	Position	Majority line
17 Sept 2026	Deteriorating situation of media freedom and freedom of expression in Hong Kong following the recent arrest of bookseller Leticia Wong and the convictions of Lee Cheuk-yan and Chow Hang-tung	Adopted 459 for, 12 against, 86 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026	Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro	Adopted 374 for, 198 against, 19 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026	An EU health workforce crisis plan: sustainability of healthcare systems and employment and working conditions in the healthcare sector	Adopted 514 for, 61 against, 33 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026	Post-electoral repression in Zambia and the killing of Mutotwe Kafwaya	Adopted 562 for, 1 against, 33 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026	Impact of social media and the online environment on young people	Adopted 395 for, 136 against, 80 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
17 Sept 2026	The role of social, economic and environmental standards in safeguarding fair competition for all aquatic food products and improving food security	Adopted 467 for, 92 against, 44 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026	Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up	Adopted 368 for, 172 against, 69 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026	Narco-trafficking in Europe’s waters: protecting our borders and supporting our law enforcement officers	Adopted 601 for, 4 against, 5 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026	The recent hybrid attacks and instrumentalisation of migrants in Ceuta and the need for a coordinated response to protect EU’s external borders	Adopted 339 for, 225 against, 16 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
17 Sept 2026	Strengthening global health resilience in partner countries	Adopted 319 for, 142 against, 19 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
16 Sept 2026	Simplification of intra-EU transfers of defence-related products and simplification of security and defence procurement (Omnibus V)	Passed 549 for, 92 against, 27 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V)	Passed 540 for, 105 against, 22 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	Defence readiness and facilitating defence investments and conditions for the defence industry (Omnibus V)	Passed 530 for, 125 against, 12 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	Establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034	Passed 496 for, 53 against, 125 abstained	Position: For ≠ group	Majority line: Abstained
16 Sept 2026	Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation 2028-2034	Passed 600 for, 21 against, 48 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	Nuclear decommissioning assistance programme of the Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania for the period 2028-2034	Passed 625 for, 20 against, 22 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	EU-Switzerland Agreement on the transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime	Consent given 549 for, 75 against, 30 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	EU-UK Agreement regarding cooperation on the application of their respective competition laws	Consent given 640 for, 5 against, 26 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	EU-Iceland Agreement on the participation of Iceland in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme	Consent given 631 for, 7 against, 15 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	EU-Norway Agreement on the participation of Norway in GOVSATCOM and in the Union Secure Connectivity Programme	Consent given 612 for, 8 against, 16 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	Genetically modified soybean GMB151 x DAS-44406-6	Objection passed 442 for, 184 against, 12 abstained	Position: Abstained ≠ group	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	Genetically modified soybean MON 94313	Objection passed 457 for, 184 against, 10 abstained	Position: Against ≠ group	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	Genetically modified maize MON 87460	Objection passed 433 for, 159 against, 10 abstained	Position: Abstained ≠ group	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	Hybrid warfare and the protection of the EU’s territorial integrity and critical security and defence infrastructure	Adopted 470 for, 129 against, 62 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	An EU cardiovascular diseases strategy	Adopted 545 for, 47 against, 75 abstained	Position: Abstained	Majority line: For
16 Sept 2026	Gender inequalities in health, specifically as regards gender-specific conditions	Adopted 390 for, 218 against, 29 abstained	Position: Against	Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026	Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures	Passed 464 for, 50 against, 159 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Abstained
15 Sept 2026	Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation Fund	Passed 433 for, 97 against, 146 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Abstained
15 Sept 2026	Market stability reserve for the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS): ceasing the invalidation of allowances	Passed 367 for, 240 against, 59 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026	Market stability reserve for the buildings, road transport and additional sectors	Passed 467 for, 158 against, 41 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026	Implementation into Union law of measures adopted by regional fisheries management organisations	Passed 559 for, 48 against, 62 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026	General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM): fishing in the GFCM Agreement area	Passed 580 for, 51 against, 39 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026	Temporary trade-liberalisation measures applicable to Armenian products	Passed 583 for, 49 against, 39 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026	Draft amending budget No 2/2026: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure	Passed 440 for, 127 against, 104 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Abstained
15 Sept 2026	Findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield	Adopted 420 for, 220 against, 26 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
15 Sept 2026	Implementation of the Council Recommendation on a Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee	Adopted 530 for, 77 against, 61 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
15 Sept 2026	The EU Youth Strategy 2019–2027	Adopted 477 for, 124 against, 66 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Abstained
15 Sept 2026	Global role of the euro	Adopted 405 for, 146 against, 60 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Abstained
9 Jul 2026	Establishment of the digital euro	Negotiating mandate approved 416 for, 169 against, 22 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
9 Jul 2026	The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan	Adopted 476 for, 28 against, 96 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026	Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre	Adopted 510 for, 1 against, 86 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: For
9 Jul 2026	Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness	Adopted 366 for, 192 against, 39 abstained	Position: No vote recorded	Majority line: Against
8 Jul 2026	EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement	Consent given 479 for, 119 against, 65 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026	Protection of the environment through criminal law	Consent given 499 for, 99 against, 69 abstained	Position: Abstained	Majority line: Abstained
8 Jul 2026	EU–Mexico Interim Agreement on Trade	Consent given 474 for, 131 against, 60 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026	EU–Morocco Euro-Mediterranean Aviation Agreement: accession to the EU of Croatia (Protocol)	Consent given 625 for, 16 against, 20 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026	EU-Morocco Agreement for scientific and technological cooperation setting out the terms and conditions for the participation of Morocco in the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA): amendment and supplement	Consent given 573 for, 35 against, 37 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026	Trajectory to decrease the contribution of high indirect land-use change-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels to renewable energy targets	Objection passed 388 for, 248 against, 24 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026	Lead in certain fishing tackle	Objection failed 197 for, 455 against, 7 abstained	Position: For	Majority line: For
8 Jul 2026	Genetically modified maize NK603 × T25	Objection passed 460 for, 189 against, 14 abstained	Position: Against ≠ group	Majority line: For

Show all 50 votes on this page

Roll-call participation

One cell per sitting while in office, shaded by the share of that day’s roll calls the member voted in. The official attendance register is kept separately by Parliament.

No vote recorded on 1 of 16 sittings with roll calls.

"No vote recorded" is not the same as absent: leave, illness and chairing the sitting look the same.

Data as a table

Roll calls held at each sitting while in office and how many of them the member voted in.
Sitting	Roll calls	Voted in
17 Jul 2024	1	1
18 Sept 2024	2	2
19 Sept 2024	6	6
8 Oct 2024	1	1
9 Oct 2024	2	2
10 Oct 2024	1	1
22 Oct 2024	5	5
23 Oct 2024	2	2
24 Oct 2024	2	2
14 Nov 2024	5	0
26 Nov 2024	8	8
27 Nov 2024	7	7
28 Nov 2024	6	6
17 Dec 2024	6	6
18 Dec 2024	7	7
19 Dec 2024	5	5

Voting neighbours

Members who voted the same way most often in the roll calls they both took part in, within and outside the member’s group (group at the date of each vote), over all roll calls of the term.

At least 200 shared roll calls over at least six months in office together. Within = both sat in the same group on the date of the vote; a member who changed group can appear on both lists. Baseline = the median agreement of all pairs of members of the groups the two sat in on the date of each shared vote (within: the group they shared; outside: the two groups), weighted by the votes they shared in each combination.

Within ECR

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in the same group (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of that group.
Select	Member	Group	Country	Agreement	Baseline
Select Stephen Nikola BARTULICA	Stephen Nikola BARTULICA	ECR	Croatia	87 % of 4 300 shared	81 %
Select Michał DWORCZYK	Michał DWORCZYK	ECR	Poland	86 % of 3 574 shared	81 %
Select Diego SOLIER	Diego SOLIER changed group	ECR	Spain	86 % of 4 433 shared	81 %
Select Mariusz KAMIŃSKI	Mariusz KAMIŃSKI	ECR	Poland	86 % of 4 844 shared	81 %
Select Małgorzata GOSIEWSKA	Małgorzata GOSIEWSKA	ECR	Poland	86 % of 4 424 shared	81 %
Select Daniel OBAJTEK	Daniel OBAJTEK	ECR	Poland	85 % of 4 179 shared	81 %
Select Kosma ZŁOTOWSKI	Kosma ZŁOTOWSKI	ECR	Poland	85 % of 4 851 shared	81 %
Select Patryk JAKI	Patryk JAKI	ECR	Poland	85 % of 4 567 shared	81 %
Select Anna ZALEWSKA	Anna ZALEWSKA	ECR	Poland	85 % of 4 849 shared	81 %
Select Jadwiga WIŚNIEWSKA	Jadwiga WIŚNIEWSKA	ECR	Poland	85 % of 4 734 shared	81 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Outside the group

Agreement: roll calls where both cast the same position, of the roll calls both voted in while in different groups (“shared”); a count below 50 shared. Baseline: the median agreement of every pair of members of the groups the two sat in on those votes (groups at the date, weighted by the votes shared in each combination).
Select	Member	Group	Country	Agreement	Baseline
Select Juan Carlos GIRAUTA VIDAL	Juan Carlos GIRAUTA VIDAL	Patriots	Spain	77 % of 4 340 shared	68 %
Select Hermann TERTSCH	Hermann TERTSCH	Patriots	Spain	76 % of 3 699 shared	68 %
Select Mireia BORRÁS PABÓN	Mireia BORRÁS PABÓN	Patriots	Spain	76 % of 4 534 shared	68 %
Select Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA	Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA	Patriots	Spain	76 % of 4 775 shared	68 %
Select Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN	Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN	Patriots	Spain	76 % of 4 856 shared	68 %
Select Jorge MARTÍN FRÍAS	Jorge MARTÍN FRÍAS	Patriots	Spain	76 % of 3 868 shared	68 %
Select Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ	Tiago MOREIRA DE SÁ	Patriots	Portugal	76 % of 4 686 shared	68 %
Select Anna BRYŁKA	Anna BRYŁKA changed group	Patriots	Poland	73 % of 4 417 shared	67 %
Select Vilis KRIŠTOPANS	Vilis KRIŠTOPANS	Patriots	Latvia	73 % of 4 475 shared	68 %
Select Mieke ANDRIESE	Mieke ANDRIESE	Patriots	Netherlands	72 % of 2 319 shared	68 %

Show all 10 neighbours

Work

Seats in committees, delegations and intergroups, and the dossiers the member leads, shadows or negotiates.

Seats

Body: the committee, delegation or intergroup, with its kind. Role: the member’s role in it. From, To: the dates of the seat (“now” while it lasts).
Body	Role	From	To
Committee on Foreign AffairsAFET Committee	Member	19 Jul 2024	now
Committee on International TradeINTA Committee	Member	19 Jul 2024	now
Delegation for relations with the People's Republic of ChinaD-CN Delegation	Member	19 Sept 2024	now
Delegation for relations with the United StatesD-US Delegation	Substitute	19 Sept 2024	now
Intergroup on DemographyIG10-09 Intergroup / working group	Member	27 Jan 2025	now
Intergroup on DisabilityIG10-10 Intergroup / working group	Member	11 Mar 2025	now

Show all 6 seats

Dossiers

Dossier: the procedure the declaration names (“No dossier named” for a delegation without one). Role: rapporteur, shadow rapporteur, negotiator or delegation. Committee: the committee that appointed them. Date: of the declaration.
Dossier	Role	Committee	Date
I will participate at the mission to Dominican Republic as a INTA standing rapporteur for Central America and with the delegation for relations with Central America and Cuba.	Official delegation		16 Sept 2026
Conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Agreement on Digital Trade between the European Union and the Republic of Korea	Shadow rapporteur	INTA	16 Sept 2026
No dossier named	Official delegation	INTA	16 Sept 2026
Recommendation to the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on EU engagement in the Horn of Africa – challenges and strategic priorities	Shadow rapporteur	AFET	8 Sept 2026
No dossier named	Opinion rapporteur	INTA	8 Sept 2026
Agreement in the form of an exchange of letters between the Union and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan relating to the modification of concessions on all the tariff rate quotas included in the EU Schedule CLXXV as a consequence of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union	Shadow rapporteur	INTA	15 Apr 2026
Role of trade in strengthening the EU's economic security	Shadow rapporteur	INTA	15 Apr 2026
No dossier named	Rapporteur	INTA	4 Feb 2026
No dossier named	Official delegation	INTA	25 Jun 2025
No dossier named	Official delegation	INTA	29 Apr 2025

Show all 11 dossier roles

Topics they work on (model-assigned)

Counts: dossiers they spoke on, led or amended, and their questions and motions.

In the chamber

Speeches and statements in plenary debates, newest first; the verbatim report is on Parliament’s site.

32 contributions recorded; 41 minutes of speaking time.

Date: the sitting. Debate: the item debated, and the group when they spoke on its behalf. Kind: speech or written statement, with speaking time. Verbatim: the verbatim report on Parliament’s site.
Date	Debate	Kind	Verbatim
16 Sept 2026	State of the Union (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
8 Jul 2026	EU’s response and preparedness to protect people against recurring heatwaves and upcoming wildfires (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
8 Jul 2026	EU’s response and preparedness to protect people against recurring heatwaves and upcoming wildfires (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
16 Jun 2026	Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
20 May 2026	High time to deliver on the Single Market, providing certainty and predictability for EU businesses and quality jobs (continuation of debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
29 Apr 2026	EU strategy in response to the ongoing Middle East crisis, its implications on energy prices and the availability of fertilizers (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
21 Jan 2026	European Council meeting (joint debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
21 Jan 2026	European Council meeting (joint debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
20 Jan 2026	Territorial integrity and sovereignty of Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark: the need for a united EU response to US blackmail attempts (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read
17 Dec 2025	Preparation of the European Council meeting of 18-19 December 2025, in particular the need to support Ukraine, transatlantic relations and the EU’s strategic autonomy (debate)	Speech · 1 min	Read

Show all 32 recent contributions

Questions and motions, 35

Parliamentary questions and motions for resolutions the member authored or co-signed, newest first.

Date: tabled. Title: the question or motion, with its id. Kind: written question or motion for a resolution, with the number of co-authors. Answer: the date of the answer to a question.
Date	Title	Kind	Answer
27 Aug 2026	The EU’s deadly anti-racism ideology: the death of Henry Nowak E-10-2026-003350	Written questionwith 22 co-authors	Not yet answered
31 Jul 2026	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need to combat migrant grooming gangs B-10-2026-0373	Motion for a resolutionwith 80 co-authors	—
15 Jun 2026	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Russia’s unacceptable provocative actions and drone incursions into Romania, the Baltic states and Finland B-10-2026-0308	Motion for a resolutionwith 16 co-authors	—
18 May 2026	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on Repression and execution of protesters, dissidents, political prisoners and religious minorities in Iran B-10-2026-0266	Motion for a resolutionwith 17 co-authors	—
22 Apr 2026	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on protecting places of worship in the EU from foreign political interference and state-linked influence operations B-10-2026-0187	Motion for a resolutionwith 16 co-authors	—
8 Apr 2026	Union Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission Framework Regulation E-10-2026-001410	Written questionwith 25 co-authors	18 Jun 2026
9 Mar 2026	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION Human trafficking and grave human rights violations linked to the recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular from Africa, for Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine B-10-2026-0175	Motion for a resolutionwith 26 co-authors	—
3 Mar 2026	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on halting the expansion of mosques and Islamic centres in the EU B-10-2026-0154	Motion for a resolutionwith 37 co-authors	—
3 Mar 2026	Visa requirement imposed by Nicaragua on certain EU citizens and application of the reciprocity mechanism P-10-2026-000868	Priority written questionwith 9 co-authors	31 Mar 2026
19 Jan 2026	MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the brutal repression against protestors in Iran B-10-2026-0083	Motion for a resolutionwith 29 co-authors	—

Show all 35 questions and motions

Amendments tabled in committee, 3

Committee amendment documents that carry amendments by the member, with how many are theirs.

Date: of the amendment document. Text amended: the dossier and the document’s id. Committee: where the amendments were tabled. Amendments: how many in the document are the member’s.
Date	Text amended	Committee	Amendments
10 Dec 2025	Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council addressing the negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel market INTA-AM-781316	INTA	8
5 Dec 2025	Addressing the negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel market INTA-AM-781298	INTA	9
3 Apr 2025	Public procurement INTA-AM-772121	INTA	1

Connections

Dossiers they lead or shadow, committees, party, delegation and other related pages.

Political group

Group European Conservatives and Reformists ECR · Right-wing · national conservatism, EU-critical

National delegation

Delegation Estonia National delegation

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink: https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197493?period=2024&scope=final
Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament
Data source: EP Open Data: member record
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version: data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved: 25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Jaak MADISON”. Member record. memberId 197493. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197493?period=2024&scope=final (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Member’s profile, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197493. Data: EP Open Data: member record, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/197493?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.

BibTeX

@misc{epw-member-197493,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Jaak MADISON}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197493?period=2024&scope=final}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/members/197493?period=2024&scope=final},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Member record. memberId 197493. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197493. Data: EP Open Data: member record (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}