S&D · Group · EU Parl Watch Research

Cohesion over time

Agreement Index of the group on final roll-call votes, per quarter (1 = all voted the same way). Members counted in their group on the day; a vote counts for the group when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted, and a gap is a quarter with fewer than 20 votes counted. The other groups are the faint lines.

S&D: 0.94 over the whole period (619 votes), 0.96 in Q4 2024 and 0.93 in Q3 2026.

Data as a table

Agreement Index per period (0 = evenly split, 1 = all voted the same), with the votes counted in it. — : fewer than 20 votes counted in the period (a vote counts for a bloc when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted).
Period	S&D	The Left	Greens	Renew	EPP	ECR	Patriots	ESN
Q3 2024	—9 votes	—9 votes	—9 votes	—8 votes	—9 votes	—9 votes	—9 votes	—9 votes
Q4 2024	0.9657 votes	0.8157 votes	0.9457 votes	0.8357 votes	0.8657 votes	0.7457 votes	0.7457 votes	0.8757 votes
Q1 2025	0.9730 votes	0.7130 votes	0.9330 votes	0.9130 votes	0.9230 votes	0.7330 votes	0.7630 votes	0.8130 votes
Q2 2025	0.9484 votes	0.7884 votes	0.9384 votes	0.9584 votes	0.9384 votes	0.7184 votes	0.7184 votes	0.8784 votes
Q3 2025	0.9458 votes	0.7658 votes	0.9458 votes	0.9358 votes	0.9458 votes	0.8258 votes	0.7258 votes	0.8558 votes
Q4 2025	0.94121 votes	0.84121 votes	0.95121 votes	0.86121 votes	0.88121 votes	0.78121 votes	0.73121 votes	0.87121 votes
Q1 2026	0.9489 votes	0.7588 votes	0.8989 votes	0.8689 votes	0.9189 votes	0.7589 votes	0.7189 votes	0.8689 votes
Q2 2026	0.9599 votes	0.7599 votes	0.9299 votes	0.92100 votes	0.94100 votes	0.76100 votes	0.7299 votes	0.8299 votes
Q3 2026	0.9372 votes	0.7572 votes	0.9172 votes	0.8672 votes	0.8972 votes	0.7572 votes	0.6772 votes	0.8772 votes
Whole period	0.94	0.77	0.93	0.89	0.91	0.76	0.72	0.85
Votes considered	619	618	619	619	620	620	619	619

620 of 794 decisions of the term had a final vote recorded by name; those are the votes counted. A gap: fewer than 20 votes counted in the quarter (method). Cohesion of every group.

Cohesion by committee and topic

The group’s Agreement Index over the term’s roll calls, by the dossier’s lead committee and by topic. Topics are model-assigned (AI tagging, not hand-checked).

By lead committee (25)

Lead committee: the committee that led the dossier. Votes: the term’s roll calls on its dossiers. Cohesion: the group’s Agreement Index over those votes (0–1), counted only on votes where at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes.
Lead committee	Votes	Cohesion
Foreign AffairsAFET	639	0.93
BudgetsBUDG	375	0.93
Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI	337	0.92
Budgetary ControlCONT	323	0.98
Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE	323	0.94
Women’s Rights and Gender EqualityFEMM	287	0.98
Economic and Monetary AffairsECON	249	0.92
International TradeINTA	203	0.88
Legal AffairsJURI	195	0.96
Employment and Social AffairsEMPL	193	0.98
Industry, Research and EnergyITRE	175	0.94
Housing Crisis (special committee)HOUS	154	0.82
Internal Market and Consumer ProtectionIMCO	122	0.98
Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI	87	0.82
European Democracy Shield (special committee)EUDS	85	0.97
Constitutional AffairsAFCO	70	0.92
FisheriesPECH	65	0.96
PetitionsPETI	61	0.90
Security and DefenceSEDE	49	0.89
DevelopmentDEVE	44	0.96
Culture and EducationCULT	28	0.94
Public HealthSANT	23	0.90
Regional DevelopmentREGI	11	—
Transport and TourismTRAN	8	—
LEGILEGI	2	—

By topic (model-assigned) (15)

Topic: model-assigned (AI tagging, not hand-checked). Votes: the term’s roll calls on decisions with that topic. Cohesion: the group’s Agreement Index over those votes (0–1), counted only on votes where at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes.
Topic	Votes	Cohesion
Foreign affairs	2 136	0.93
Economy & single market	1 257	0.92
EU budget & funds	1 092	0.94
Defence & security	703	0.92
Justice, rule of law & rights	610	0.95
Jobs, social affairs & equality	606	0.98
Climate & environment	519	0.94
Agriculture, food & fisheries	364	0.85
Digital, AI & data	297	0.94
EU institutions & Parliament	292	0.93
Trade & customs	269	0.90
Health	260	0.93
Migration & asylum	122	0.94
Energy	92	0.95
Transport & tourism	84	0.95

Agreement with other groups

How often the group took the same line as each other group on the term’s final votes, groups at the date of each vote.

Same line: of the votes compared, the share where the two groups’ clear lines were the same. Votes compared: final votes where both groups had a clear line (at least two thirds of their votes cast, at least 10 members voting); a vote where either was divided is left out. A count instead of a share under 20 votes.
Group	Same line	Votes compared
Renew	97 %	563
EPP	91 %	571
Greens	90 %	593
ECR	72 %	506
The Left	66 %	502
Patriots	46 %	484
ESN	27 %	587

Agreement between every pair of groups, winning sides and pivotal groups

Members, 138

Members whose group is S&D now (former members: on their last day in office), with their record. Switchers are marked ⇄ and counted in the group of each vote’s date.

Period Whole term 2024 (from July)2025 2026

Custom dates

Votes Final votes66 All roll calls516

Open in the member register

What the columns mean

Participationⓘ: roll calls with a recorded vote, of the roll calls while in office. With majority lineⓘ: votes cast the way the plurality of their group voted, of the votes where the group had a line. Against clear lineⓘ: votes otherwise than a line held by at least two thirds of their group with at least 10 members voting, of the votes where it had one. Abstentionⓘ: of the votes cast. ± group: difference from the median of the member’s group (the one they held for most of the period), in percentage points; not compared for a member who changed group in the period; the non-attached have no group line. Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of each vote; a figure over fewer than 50 votes is shown as a count.

Members of S&D
Select	Member, sort Z to A	Country, sort A to Z	Participation, sort highest first	± group	With majority line, sort highest first	± group	Against clear line, sort highest first	Abstention, sort highest first
Select Nikos PAPANDREOU	Nikos PAPANDREOU	Greece	80.4 % of 516	−13.0 pts median 93.4 %	95.7 % of 415	+0.4 pts median 95.3 %	3.5 % of 401	2.9 % of 415
Select Nils UŠAKOVS	Nils UŠAKOVS	Latvia	84.5 % of 516	−8.9 pts median 93.4 %	92.0 % of 436	−3.3 pts median 95.3 %	6.9 % of 422	0.7 % of 436
Select Nora MEBAREK	Nora MEBAREK	France	91.9 % of 516	−1.6 pts median 93.4 %	88.6 % of 474	−6.7 pts median 95.3 %	9.3 % of 461	2.7 % of 474
Select Pierfrancesco MARAN	Pierfrancesco MARAN	Italy	98.8 % of 516	+5.4 pts median 93.4 %	95.5 % of 510	+0.2 pts median 95.3 %	3.4 % of 495	2.0 % of 510
Select Pierre JOUVET	Pierre JOUVET	France	89.7 % of 516	−3.7 pts median 93.4 %	90.3 % of 463	−5.0 pts median 95.3 %	8.0 % of 452	1.9 % of 463
Select Pina PICIERNO	Pina PICIERNO changed group	Italy	95.0 % of 516	+1.6 pts median 93.4 %	96.3 % of 490	+1.0 pts median 95.3 %	2.9 % of 476	2.9 % of 490
Select Raffaele TOPO	Raffaele TOPO	Italy	94.4 % of 516	+1.0 pts median 93.4 %	95.5 % of 487	+0.2 pts median 95.3 %	3.4 % of 471	3.5 % of 487
Select Raphaël GLUCKSMANN	Raphaël GLUCKSMANN	France	96.1 % of 516	+2.7 pts median 93.4 %	90.9 % of 496	−4.4 pts median 95.3 %	7.2 % of 484	2.4 % of 496
Select René REPASI	René REPASI	Germany	95.7 % of 516	+2.3 pts median 93.4 %	95.1 % of 494	−0.2 pts median 95.3 %	3.3 % of 479	1.0 % of 494
Select Robert BIEDROŃ	Robert BIEDROŃ	Poland	99.0 % of 516	+5.6 pts median 93.4 %	97.1 % of 511	+1.8 pts median 95.3 %	2.0 % of 496	2.2 % of 511
Select Romana JERKOVIĆ	Romana JERKOVIĆ	Croatia	78.3 % of 516	−15.1 pts median 93.4 %	92.6 % of 404	−2.7 pts median 95.3 %	6.1 % of 392	2.0 % of 404
Select Rosa SERRANO SIERRA	Rosa SERRANO SIERRA	Spain	98.3 % of 516	+4.8 pts median 93.4 %	97.2 % of 507	+1.9 pts median 95.3 %	0.8 % of 492	0.8 % of 507
Select Sabrina REPP	Sabrina REPP	Germany	84.5 % of 516	−8.9 pts median 93.4 %	95.0 % of 436	−0.4 pts median 95.3 %	3.1 % of 420	0.9 % of 436
Select Sakis ARNAOUTOGLOU	Sakis ARNAOUTOGLOU	Greece	93.0 % of 516	−0.4 pts median 93.4 %	97.1 % of 480	+1.8 pts median 95.3 %	2.6 % of 465	2.5 % of 480
Select Sandra GÓMEZ LÓPEZ	Sandra GÓMEZ LÓPEZ	Spain	44.4 % of 516	−49.0 pts median 93.4 %	95.2 % of 229	−0.1 pts median 95.3 %	1.8 % of 221	0.4 % of 229
Select Sandro RUOTOLO	Sandro RUOTOLO	Italy	77.5 % of 516	−15.9 pts median 93.4 %	93.5 % of 400	−1.8 pts median 95.3 %	5.4 % of 386	3.5 % of 400
Select Sérgio GONÇALVES	Sérgio GONÇALVES	Portugal	98.3 % of 516	+4.8 pts median 93.4 %	97.6 % of 507	+2.3 pts median 95.3 %	1.8 % of 493	1.6 % of 507
Select Sofie ERIKSSON	Sofie ERIKSSON	Sweden	96.9 % of 516	+3.5 pts median 93.4 %	95.4 % of 500	+0.1 pts median 95.3 %	4.3 % of 485	3.2 % of 500
Select Ştefan MUŞOIU	Ştefan MUŞOIU	Romania	96.7 % of 516	+3.3 pts median 93.4 %	94.6 % of 499	−0.7 pts median 95.3 %	4.5 % of 484	2.6 % of 499
Select Stefano BONACCINI	Stefano BONACCINI	Italy	88.4 % of 516	−5.0 pts median 93.4 %	95.6 % of 456	+0.3 pts median 95.3 %	3.4 % of 444	3.1 % of 456
Select Sven MIKSER	Sven MIKSER	Estonia	98.1 % of 516	+4.7 pts median 93.4 %	97.2 % of 506	+1.9 pts median 95.3 %	2.8 % of 493	2.0 % of 506
Select Thijs REUTEN	Thijs REUTEN	Netherlands	97.9 % of 516	+4.5 pts median 93.4 %	94.7 % of 505	−0.7 pts median 95.3 %	3.3 % of 490	2.8 % of 505
Select Thomas BAJADA	Thomas BAJADA	Malta	94.2 % of 516	+0.8 pts median 93.4 %	80.0 % of 486	−15.3 pts median 95.3 %	19.7 % of 471	8.8 % of 486
Select Thomas PELLERIN-CARLIN	Thomas PELLERIN-CARLIN	France	94.8 % of 516	+1.4 pts median 93.4 %	90.8 % of 489	−4.5 pts median 95.3 %	7.5 % of 477	2.2 % of 489
Select Tiemo WÖLKEN	Tiemo WÖLKEN	Germany	73.4 % of 516	−20.0 pts median 93.4 %	96.0 % of 379	+0.7 pts median 95.3 %	2.4 % of 370	1.1 % of 379
Select Tobias CREMER	Tobias CREMER	Germany	98.4 % of 516	+5.0 pts median 93.4 %	96.1 % of 508	+0.8 pts median 95.3 %	2.4 % of 493	1.2 % of 508
Select Tonino PICULA	Tonino PICULA	Croatia	98.1 % of 516	+4.7 pts median 93.4 %	93.7 % of 506	−1.6 pts median 95.3 %	5.9 % of 491	1.6 % of 506
Select Tsvetelina PENKOVA	Tsvetelina PENKOVA	Bulgaria	54.7 % of 516	−38.8 pts median 93.4 %	89.4 % of 282	−5.9 pts median 95.3 %	10.3 % of 271	5.7 % of 282
Select Udo BULLMANN	Udo BULLMANN	Germany	50.6 % of 516	−42.8 pts median 93.4 %	96.2 % of 261	+0.9 pts median 95.3 %	1.6 % of 253	0.4 % of 261
Select Vasile DÎNCU	Vasile DÎNCU	Romania	94.8 % of 516	+1.4 pts median 93.4 %	97.5 % of 489	+2.2 pts median 95.3 %	2.3 % of 473	2.5 % of 489
Select Victor NEGRESCU	Victor NEGRESCU	Romania	78.1 % of 516	−15.3 pts median 93.4 %	96.8 % of 403	+1.5 pts median 95.3 %	2.8 % of 389	2.2 % of 403
Select Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ	Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ	Lithuania	87.0 % of 516	−6.4 pts median 93.4 %	99.1 % of 449	+3.8 pts median 95.3 %	0.9 % of 435	1.3 % of 449
Select Vivien COSTANZO	Vivien COSTANZO	Germany	97.7 % of 516	+4.3 pts median 93.4 %	95.2 % of 504	−0.1 pts median 95.3 %	3.1 % of 489	1.6 % of 504
Select Vytenis Povilas ANDRIUKAITIS	Vytenis Povilas ANDRIUKAITIS	Lithuania	97.5 % of 516	+4.1 pts median 93.4 %	96.0 % of 503	+0.7 pts median 95.3 %	3.5 % of 489	4.6 % of 503
Select Yannis MANIATIS	Yannis MANIATIS	Greece	85.7 % of 516	−7.8 pts median 93.4 %	97.3 % of 442	+2.0 pts median 95.3 %	2.1 % of 428	2.0 % of 442
Select Antonio DECARO	Antonio DECARO Left on 1 Feb 2026	Italy	95.3 % of 516	+1.9 pts median 93.4 %	95.9 % of 492	+0.6 pts median 95.3 %	3.5 % of 479	2.6 % of 492
Select Predrag Fred MATIĆ	Predrag Fred MATIĆ Left on 23 Aug 2024 No vote recorded while in office in this period (not the same as absent: chairing the sittings, as the President does, looks the same).	Croatia	0 of 24	not compared median 93.4 %	no votes	not compared median 95.3 %	no votes	no votes
Select Roxana MÎNZATU	Roxana MÎNZATU Left on 30 Nov 2024	Romania	30.4 % of 425	−63.1 pts median 93.4 %	95.3 % of 129	±0.0 pts median 95.3 %	4.8 % of 126	2.3 % of 129

National delegations

The group’s current members by country and national party.

Country: the delegation. Members: the group’s current members from that country. National parties: their parties, with the number of members of each.
Country	Members	National parties
Spain	20	PSOE 19 · PSC-PSOE 1
Italy	19	PD 19
Germany	14	SPD 14
France	13	PS 10 · Place publique 3
Romania	11	PSD 9 · PSD 1 · PUSL 1
Portugal	8	PS 8
Austria	5	SPÖ 5
Sweden	5	S 5
Belgium	4	PS 2 · Vooruit 2
Greece	4	KINAL 4

Show all 25 delegations

Line on the final votes, 7

The group’s line on every final roll-call vote of the term, newest first, with its members counted in the group they sat in on the day.

Majority line: the position most of the group’s voting members took, on the day of the vote (“Tie” when no position won); “no clear line” when no position had at least two thirds of its votes cast with at least 10 members voting — the Divided filter lists those. In the group: for–against–abstained. Result: the vote’s outcome and counts. On the losing side: the majority line was For and the vote failed, or Against and it passed.

Majority line: the position most of the group’s voting members took, on the day of the vote (“Tie” when no position won); “no clear line” when no position had at least two thirds of its votes cast with at least 10 members voting — the Divided filter lists those. In the group: for–against–abstained. Result: the vote’s outcome and counts. On the losing side: the majority line was For and the vote failed, or Against and it passed.
Date	Vote	Majority line	In the group	Result
17 Sept 2026	Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Final vote — text as a whole	Majority line: For · no clear line	In the group: 73 for, 24 against, 14 abstained	Adopted 368 for, 172 against, 69 abstained
7 Jul 2026	Temporary derogation from certain provisions of the ePrivacy Directive to combat online child sexual abuse Request for urgent procedure	Majority line: For · no clear line	In the group: 80 for, 39 against, 5 abstained	Adopted 331 for, 304 against, 11 abstained
16 Dec 2025	Relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia Final vote — text as a whole	Majority line: For · no clear line	In the group: 66 for, 8 against, 50 abstained	Adopted 417 for, 131 against, 108 abstained
9 Jul 2025	Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1675 to add certain countries to the list of high-risk third countries, and to remove other countries from that list Final vote — text as a whole (B10-0318/2025)	Majority line: For · no clear line	In the group: 63 for, 54 against, 12 abstained	Rejected 264 for, 369 against, 55 abstained
18 Jun 2025	Macro-financial assistance to Egypt Final vote on the provisional agreement	Majority line: For · no clear line	In the group: 59 for, 22 against, 21 abstained	Adopted 386 for, 132 against, 49 abstained
8 May 2025	The protection status of the wolf (Canis lupus) Final vote	Majority line: Against · no clear line	In the group: 41 for, 54 against, 12 abstained	Adopted 371 for, 162 against, 37 abstained
1 Apr 2025	Macro-financial assistance to Egypt Final vote	Majority line: Against · no clear line	In the group: 46 for, 59 against, 20 abstained	Adopted 452 for, 182 against, 40 abstained

Connections

Top partners and the committees where the group’s cohesion is lowest or highest.

No connections found for this item.

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink: https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/groups/sd?page=3&period=2024&vline=divided
Official source: Political groups, European Parliament
Data source: EP Open Data: members and their memberships
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version: data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved: 25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)”. Political group. code S&D. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/groups/sd?page=3&period=2024&vline=divided (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Political groups, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/organisation-and-rules/organisation/political-groups. Data: EP Open Data: members and their memberships, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/show-current?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.

BibTeX

@misc{epw-group-sd,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S\&D)}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/groups/sd?page=3&period=2024&vline=divided}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/groups/sd?page=3&period=2024&vline=divided},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Political group. code S\&D. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/organisation-and-rules/organisation/political-groups. Data: EP Open Data: members and their memberships (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}