S&D · Group · EU Parl Watch Research

Cohesion over time

Agreement Index of the group on final roll-call votes, per quarter (1 = all voted the same way). Members counted in their group on the day; a vote counts for the group when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted, and a gap is a quarter with fewer than 20 votes counted. The other groups are the faint lines.

S&D: 0.94 over the whole period (619 votes), 0.96 in Q4 2024 and 0.93 in Q3 2026.

Data as a table

Agreement Index per period (0 = evenly split, 1 = all voted the same), with the votes counted in it. — : fewer than 20 votes counted in the period (a vote counts for a bloc when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted).
Period	S&D	The Left	Greens	Renew	EPP	ECR	Patriots	ESN
Q3 2024	—9 votes	—9 votes	—9 votes	—8 votes	—9 votes	—9 votes	—9 votes	—9 votes
Q4 2024	0.9657 votes	0.8157 votes	0.9457 votes	0.8357 votes	0.8657 votes	0.7457 votes	0.7457 votes	0.8757 votes
Q1 2025	0.9730 votes	0.7130 votes	0.9330 votes	0.9130 votes	0.9230 votes	0.7330 votes	0.7630 votes	0.8130 votes
Q2 2025	0.9484 votes	0.7884 votes	0.9384 votes	0.9584 votes	0.9384 votes	0.7184 votes	0.7184 votes	0.8784 votes
Q3 2025	0.9458 votes	0.7658 votes	0.9458 votes	0.9358 votes	0.9458 votes	0.8258 votes	0.7258 votes	0.8558 votes
Q4 2025	0.94121 votes	0.84121 votes	0.95121 votes	0.86121 votes	0.88121 votes	0.78121 votes	0.73121 votes	0.87121 votes
Q1 2026	0.9489 votes	0.7588 votes	0.8989 votes	0.8689 votes	0.9189 votes	0.7589 votes	0.7189 votes	0.8689 votes
Q2 2026	0.9599 votes	0.7599 votes	0.9299 votes	0.92100 votes	0.94100 votes	0.76100 votes	0.7299 votes	0.8299 votes
Q3 2026	0.9372 votes	0.7572 votes	0.9172 votes	0.8672 votes	0.8972 votes	0.7572 votes	0.6772 votes	0.8772 votes
Whole period	0.94	0.77	0.93	0.89	0.91	0.76	0.72	0.85
Votes considered	619	618	619	619	620	620	619	619

620 of 794 decisions of the term had a final vote recorded by name; those are the votes counted. A gap: fewer than 20 votes counted in the quarter (method). Cohesion of every group.

Cohesion by committee and topic

The group’s Agreement Index over the term’s roll calls, by the dossier’s lead committee and by topic. Topics are model-assigned (AI tagging, not hand-checked).

By lead committee (25)

Lead committee: the committee that led the dossier. Votes: the term’s roll calls on its dossiers. Cohesion: the group’s Agreement Index over those votes (0–1), counted only on votes where at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes.
Lead committee	Votes	Cohesion
Foreign AffairsAFET	639	0.93
BudgetsBUDG	375	0.93
Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI	337	0.92
Budgetary ControlCONT	323	0.98
Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE	323	0.94
Women’s Rights and Gender EqualityFEMM	287	0.98
Economic and Monetary AffairsECON	249	0.92
International TradeINTA	203	0.88
Legal AffairsJURI	195	0.96
Employment and Social AffairsEMPL	193	0.98
Industry, Research and EnergyITRE	175	0.94
Housing Crisis (special committee)HOUS	154	0.82
Internal Market and Consumer ProtectionIMCO	122	0.98
Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI	87	0.82
European Democracy Shield (special committee)EUDS	85	0.97
Constitutional AffairsAFCO	70	0.92
FisheriesPECH	65	0.96
PetitionsPETI	61	0.90
Security and DefenceSEDE	49	0.89
DevelopmentDEVE	44	0.96
Culture and EducationCULT	28	0.94
Public HealthSANT	23	0.90
Regional DevelopmentREGI	11	—
Transport and TourismTRAN	8	—
LEGILEGI	2	—

By topic (model-assigned) (15)

Topic: model-assigned (AI tagging, not hand-checked). Votes: the term’s roll calls on decisions with that topic. Cohesion: the group’s Agreement Index over those votes (0–1), counted only on votes where at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes.
Topic	Votes	Cohesion
Foreign affairs	2 136	0.93
Economy & single market	1 257	0.92
EU budget & funds	1 092	0.94
Defence & security	703	0.92
Justice, rule of law & rights	610	0.95
Jobs, social affairs & equality	606	0.98
Climate & environment	519	0.94
Agriculture, food & fisheries	364	0.85
Digital, AI & data	297	0.94
EU institutions & Parliament	292	0.93
Trade & customs	269	0.90
Health	260	0.93
Migration & asylum	122	0.94
Energy	92	0.95
Transport & tourism	84	0.95

Agreement with other groups

How often the group took the same line as each other group on the term’s final votes, groups at the date of each vote.

Same line: of the votes compared, the share where the two groups’ clear lines were the same. Votes compared: final votes where both groups had a clear line (at least two thirds of their votes cast, at least 10 members voting); a vote where either was divided is left out. A count instead of a share under 20 votes.
Group	Same line	Votes compared
Renew	97 %	563
EPP	91 %	571
Greens	90 %	593
ECR	72 %	506
The Left	66 %	502
Patriots	46 %	484
ESN	27 %	587

Agreement between every pair of groups, winning sides and pivotal groups

Members, 139

Members whose group is S&D now (former members: on their last day in office), with their record. Switchers are marked ⇄ and counted in the group of each vote’s date.

Period Whole term 2024 (from July)2025 2026

Custom dates

Votes Final votes620 All roll calls5 928

Open in the member register

What the columns mean

Participationⓘ: roll calls with a recorded vote, of the roll calls while in office. With majority lineⓘ: votes cast the way the plurality of their group voted, of the votes where the group had a line. Against clear lineⓘ: votes otherwise than a line held by at least two thirds of their group with at least 10 members voting, of the votes where it had one. Abstentionⓘ: of the votes cast. ± group: difference from the median of the member’s group (the one they held for most of the period), in percentage points; not compared for a member who changed group in the period; the non-attached have no group line. Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of each vote; a figure over fewer than 50 votes is shown as a count.

Members of S&D
Select	Member, sort Z to A	Country, sort A to Z	Participation, sort highest first	± group	With majority line, sort highest first	± group	Against clear line, sort highest first	Abstention, sort highest first
Select Adnan DIBRANI	Adnan DIBRANI	Sweden	97.6 % of 620	+8.1 pts median 89.5 %	92.1 % of 605	−5.1 pts median 97.1 %	7.2 % of 598	3.6 % of 605
Select Alessandra MORETTI	Alessandra MORETTI	Italy	96.6 % of 620	+7.1 pts median 89.5 %	99.3 % of 599	+2.2 pts median 97.1 %	0.2 % of 592	0.8 % of 599
Select Alessandro ZAN	Alessandro ZAN	Italy	91.8 % of 620	+2.3 pts median 89.5 %	97.9 % of 569	+0.8 pts median 97.1 %	1.4 % of 563	0.5 % of 569
Select Alex AGIUS SALIBA	Alex AGIUS SALIBA	Malta	83.9 % of 620	−5.6 pts median 89.5 %	86.7 % of 520	−10.4 pts median 97.1 %	12.6 % of 515	6.3 % of 520
Select Alicia HOMS GINEL	Alicia HOMS GINEL	Spain	82.4 % of 620	−7.1 pts median 89.5 %	98.6 % of 511	+1.5 pts median 97.1 %	1.0 % of 504	1.2 % of 511
Select Ana Catarina MENDES	Ana Catarina MENDES	Portugal	91.9 % of 620	+2.4 pts median 89.5 %	98.9 % of 570	+1.8 pts median 97.1 %	0.9 % of 563	0.9 % of 570
Select Andi CRISTEA	Andi CRISTEA	Romania	95.1 % of 572	+5.6 pts median 89.5 %	95.4 % of 544	−1.7 pts median 97.1 %	4.1 % of 537	1.1 % of 544
Select André FRANQUEIRA RODRIGUES	André FRANQUEIRA RODRIGUES	Portugal	83.1 % of 620	−6.5 pts median 89.5 %	99.0 % of 515	+1.9 pts median 97.1 %	0.8 % of 508	1.2 % of 515
Select Andreas SCHIEDER	Andreas SCHIEDER	Austria	95.0 % of 620	+5.5 pts median 89.5 %	96.4 % of 589	−0.7 pts median 97.1 %	3.1 % of 582	2.2 % of 589
Select Annalisa CORRADO	Annalisa CORRADO	Italy	83.2 % of 620	−6.3 pts median 89.5 %	99.4 % of 516	+2.3 pts median 97.1 %	0.2 % of 511	0.6 % of 516
Select Aodhán Ó RÍORDÁIN	Aodhán Ó RÍORDÁIN	Ireland	71.0 % of 620	−18.5 pts median 89.5 %	96.4 % of 440	−0.8 pts median 97.1 %	3.5 % of 434	1.8 % of 440
Select Aurore LALUCQ	Aurore LALUCQ	France	77.9 % of 620	−11.6 pts median 89.5 %	94.8 % of 483	−2.3 pts median 97.1 %	5.0 % of 480	3.1 % of 483
Select Bernd LANGE	Bernd LANGE	Germany	91.9 % of 620	+2.4 pts median 89.5 %	97.9 % of 570	+0.8 pts median 97.1 %	1.2 % of 564	1.6 % of 570
Select Biljana BORZAN	Biljana BORZAN	Croatia	91.6 % of 620	+2.1 pts median 89.5 %	98.2 % of 568	+1.1 pts median 97.1 %	1.2 % of 562	1.6 % of 568
Select Birgit SIPPEL	Birgit SIPPEL	Germany	76.5 % of 620	−13.1 pts median 89.5 %	96.0 % of 474	−1.1 pts median 97.1 %	3.4 % of 469	0.6 % of 474
Select Brando BENIFEI	Brando BENIFEI	Italy	80.2 % of 620	−9.4 pts median 89.5 %	99.6 % of 497	+2.5 pts median 97.1 %	0.2 % of 493	1.0 % of 497
Select Bruno GONÇALVES	Bruno GONÇALVES	Portugal	86.0 % of 620	−3.5 pts median 89.5 %	95.5 % of 533	−1.6 pts median 97.1 %	4.2 % of 527	2.4 % of 533
Select Bruno TOBBACK	Bruno TOBBACK	Belgium	94.0 % of 620	+4.5 pts median 89.5 %	99.0 % of 583	+1.9 pts median 97.1 %	0.5 % of 576	1.0 % of 583
Select Camilla LAURETI	Camilla LAURETI	Italy	98.1 % of 620	+8.5 pts median 89.5 %	99.8 % of 608	+2.7 pts median 97.1 %	0.2 % of 602	0.5 % of 608
Select Carla TAVARES	Carla TAVARES	Portugal	90.2 % of 620	+0.6 pts median 89.5 %	99.5 % of 559	+2.3 pts median 97.1 %	0.4 % of 553	0.7 % of 559
Select Cecilia STRADA	Cecilia STRADA	Italy	92.6 % of 620	+3.1 pts median 89.5 %	93.6 % of 574	−3.6 pts median 97.1 %	6.0 % of 567	4.0 % of 574
Select César LUENA	César LUENA	Spain	94.0 % of 620	+4.5 pts median 89.5 %	98.8 % of 583	+1.7 pts median 97.1 %	0.9 % of 576	0.9 % of 583
Select Chloé RIDEL	Chloé RIDEL	France	63.2 % of 620	−26.3 pts median 89.5 %	93.1 % of 392	−4.0 pts median 97.1 %	6.7 % of 389	3.3 % of 392
Select Christel SCHALDEMOSE	Christel SCHALDEMOSE	Denmark	94.5 % of 620	+5.0 pts median 89.5 %	89.2 % of 586	−7.9 pts median 97.1 %	10.4 % of 579	5.3 % of 586
Select Christophe CLERGEAU	Christophe CLERGEAU	France	81.8 % of 620	−7.7 pts median 89.5 %	93.3 % of 507	−3.8 pts median 97.1 %	5.8 % of 500	4.1 % of 507
Select Claire FITA	Claire FITA	France	78.9 % of 620	−10.6 pts median 89.5 %	93.7 % of 489	−3.5 pts median 97.1 %	5.8 % of 484	3.3 % of 489
Select Claudiu MANDA	Claudiu MANDA	Romania	48.1 % of 620	−41.5 pts median 89.5 %	94.6 % of 298	−2.5 pts median 97.1 %	4.8 % of 293	1.3 % of 298
Select Costas MAVRIDES	Costas MAVRIDES	Cyprus	71.1 % of 620	−18.4 pts median 89.5 %	96.6 % of 441	−0.5 pts median 97.1 %	3.2 % of 437	1.4 % of 441
Select Cristina MAESTRE	Cristina MAESTRE	Spain	88.1 % of 620	−1.5 pts median 89.5 %	97.1 % of 546	±0.0 pts median 97.1 %	2.4 % of 540	0.7 % of 546
Select Csaba MOLNÁR	Csaba MOLNÁR	Hungary	78.5 % of 620	−11.0 pts median 89.5 %	97.3 % of 487	+0.2 pts median 97.1 %	2.7 % of 481	0.6 % of 487
Select Dan NICA	Dan NICA	Romania	61.3 % of 620	−28.2 pts median 89.5 %	95.8 % of 380	−1.3 pts median 97.1 %	3.7 % of 375	1.3 % of 380
Select Daniel ATTARD	Daniel ATTARD	Malta	87.7 % of 620	−1.8 pts median 89.5 %	87.9 % of 544	−9.2 pts median 97.1 %	11.5 % of 538	6.6 % of 544
Select Dario NARDELLA	Dario NARDELLA	Italy	67.6 % of 620	−21.9 pts median 89.5 %	98.1 % of 419	+1.0 pts median 97.1 %	1.4 % of 414	1.7 % of 419
Select Delara BURKHARDT	Delara BURKHARDT	Germany	76.5 % of 620	−13.1 pts median 89.5 %	98.1 % of 474	+1.0 pts median 97.1 %	1.3 % of 469	0.8 % of 474
Select Dragoş BENEA	Dragoş BENEA	Romania	65.5 % of 620	−24.0 pts median 89.5 %	94.6 % of 406	−2.5 pts median 97.1 %	5.2 % of 403	1.5 % of 406
Select Eero HEINÄLUOMA	Eero HEINÄLUOMA	Finland	90.2 % of 620	+0.6 pts median 89.5 %	95.2 % of 559	−1.9 pts median 97.1 %	4.5 % of 552	3.6 % of 559
Select Elena SANCHO MURILLO	Elena SANCHO MURILLO	Spain	99.5 % of 620	+10.0 pts median 89.5 %	98.2 % of 617	+1.1 pts median 97.1 %	1.5 % of 610	1.0 % of 617
Select Elio DI RUPO	Elio DI RUPO	Belgium	89.8 % of 620	+0.3 pts median 89.5 %	94.4 % of 557	−2.7 pts median 97.1 %	5.3 % of 550	2.7 % of 557
Select Elisabeth GROSSMANN	Elisabeth GROSSMANN	Austria	99.5 % of 620	+10.0 pts median 89.5 %	96.1 % of 617	−1.0 pts median 97.1 %	3.3 % of 610	2.4 % of 617
Select Elisabetta GUALMINI	Elisabetta GUALMINI changed group Changed group in this period: not compared with a single group’s median.	Italy	81.9 % of 620	not compared median 89.5 %	98.0 % of 507	not compared median 97.1 %	0.4 % of 492	2.0 % of 508
Select Emma RAFOWICZ	Emma RAFOWICZ	France	65.6 % of 620	−23.9 pts median 89.5 %	93.1 % of 407	−4.0 pts median 97.1 %	6.4 % of 404	3.4 % of 407
Select Eric SARGIACOMO	Eric SARGIACOMO	France	92.3 % of 620	+2.7 pts median 89.5 %	93.5 % of 572	−3.6 pts median 97.1 %	6.0 % of 566	4.0 % of 572
Select Estelle CEULEMANS	Estelle CEULEMANS	Belgium	92.6 % of 620	+3.1 pts median 89.5 %	88.5 % of 574	−8.6 pts median 97.1 %	10.9 % of 567	5.7 % of 574
Select Evelyn REGNER	Evelyn REGNER	Austria	97.7 % of 620	+8.2 pts median 89.5 %	95.5 % of 606	−1.6 pts median 97.1 %	3.7 % of 599	2.1 % of 606
Select Evin INCIR	Evin INCIR	Sweden	99.7 % of 620	+10.2 pts median 89.5 %	92.9 % of 618	−4.2 pts median 97.1 %	6.4 % of 611	3.4 % of 618
Select Francisco ASSIS	Francisco ASSIS	Portugal	81.5 % of 620	−8.1 pts median 89.5 %	98.4 % of 505	+1.3 pts median 97.1 %	1.6 % of 500	1.0 % of 505
Select François KALFON	François KALFON	France	90.6 % of 620	+1.1 pts median 89.5 %	93.6 % of 562	−3.5 pts median 97.1 %	5.6 % of 555	3.7 % of 562
Select Gabriela FIREA	Gabriela FIREA	Romania	63.2 % of 620	−26.3 pts median 89.5 %	93.4 % of 392	−3.8 pts median 97.1 %	6.2 % of 388	1.8 % of 392
Select Gabriele BISCHOFF	Gabriele BISCHOFF	Germany	95.0 % of 620	+5.5 pts median 89.5 %	97.6 % of 589	+0.5 pts median 97.1 %	1.9 % of 583	1.5 % of 589
Select Georgia TRAMACERE	Georgia TRAMACERE	Italy	88.7 % of 231	−0.8 pts median 89.5 %	99.5 % of 205	+2.4 pts median 97.1 %	0.5 % of 203	0.0 % of 205

National delegations

The group’s current members by country and national party.

Country: the delegation. Members: the group’s current members from that country. National parties: their parties, with the number of members of each.
Country	Members	National parties
Spain	20	PSOE 19 · PSC-PSOE 1
Italy	19	PD 19
Germany	14	SPD 14
France	13	PS 10 · Place publique 3
Romania	11	PSD 9 · PSD 1 · PUSL 1
Portugal	8	PS 8
Austria	5	SPÖ 5
Sweden	5	S 5
Belgium	4	PS 2 · Vooruit 2
Greece	4	KINAL 4

Show all 25 delegations

Line on the final votes, 7

The group’s line on every final roll-call vote of the term, newest first, with its members counted in the group they sat in on the day.

Majority line: the position most of the group’s voting members took, on the day of the vote (“Tie” when no position won); “no clear line” when no position had at least two thirds of its votes cast with at least 10 members voting — the Divided filter lists those. In the group: for–against–abstained. Result: the vote’s outcome and counts. On the losing side: the majority line was For and the vote failed, or Against and it passed.

Majority line: the position most of the group’s voting members took, on the day of the vote (“Tie” when no position won); “no clear line” when no position had at least two thirds of its votes cast with at least 10 members voting — the Divided filter lists those. In the group: for–against–abstained. Result: the vote’s outcome and counts. On the losing side: the majority line was For and the vote failed, or Against and it passed.
Date	Vote	Majority line	In the group	Result
17 Sept 2026	Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up Final vote — text as a whole	Majority line: For · no clear line	In the group: 73 for, 24 against, 14 abstained	Adopted 368 for, 172 against, 69 abstained
7 Jul 2026	Temporary derogation from certain provisions of the ePrivacy Directive to combat online child sexual abuse Request for urgent procedure	Majority line: For · no clear line	In the group: 80 for, 39 against, 5 abstained	Adopted 331 for, 304 against, 11 abstained
16 Dec 2025	Relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia Final vote — text as a whole	Majority line: For · no clear line	In the group: 66 for, 8 against, 50 abstained	Adopted 417 for, 131 against, 108 abstained
9 Jul 2025	Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1675 to add certain countries to the list of high-risk third countries, and to remove other countries from that list Final vote — text as a whole (B10-0318/2025)	Majority line: For · no clear line	In the group: 63 for, 54 against, 12 abstained	Rejected 264 for, 369 against, 55 abstained
18 Jun 2025	Macro-financial assistance to Egypt Final vote on the provisional agreement	Majority line: For · no clear line	In the group: 59 for, 22 against, 21 abstained	Adopted 386 for, 132 against, 49 abstained
8 May 2025	The protection status of the wolf (Canis lupus) Final vote	Majority line: Against · no clear line	In the group: 41 for, 54 against, 12 abstained	Adopted 371 for, 162 against, 37 abstained
1 Apr 2025	Macro-financial assistance to Egypt Final vote	Majority line: Against · no clear line	In the group: 46 for, 59 against, 20 abstained	Adopted 452 for, 182 against, 40 abstained

Connections

Top partners and the committees where the group’s cohesion is lowest or highest.

No connections found for this item.

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink: https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/groups/sd?dir=asc&scope=final&vline=divided
Official source: Political groups, European Parliament
Data source: EP Open Data: members and their memberships
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version: data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved: 25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)”. Political group. code S&D. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/groups/sd?dir=asc&scope=final&vline=divided (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Political groups, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/organisation-and-rules/organisation/political-groups. Data: EP Open Data: members and their memberships, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/show-current?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.

BibTeX

@misc{epw-group-sd,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S\&D)}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/groups/sd?dir=asc&scope=final&vline=divided}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/groups/sd?dir=asc&scope=final&vline=divided},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Political group. code S\&D. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/organisation-and-rules/organisation/political-groups. Data: EP Open Data: members and their memberships (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}