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Group

EPP

European People’s Party

Seats
184 of 718 current members
Cohesion, final votes
0.91ⓘ over 620 final votes
Cohesion, all roll calls
0.89ⓘ over 5 922 of 5 928 roll calls (enough members voting)
On the winning side
565 of 619ⓘ final votes decided by a simple majority where its clear line matched the outcome — of 620 final votes, 1 failed for want of an absolute majority and is not counted
More facts (6)
Official name
European People’s Party
Code
PPE
Alignment
Centre-right · Christian democracy, conservatism
Founded
1953 (as Christian Democratic Group)
Closest line
Renew — 97 % of 553 votes where both had a clear lineⓘ
Pivotal
on 36 of 619 final votes decided by a simple majorityⓘ taking its members’ votes away would have flipped the outcome
More

Cohesion over time

Agreement Index of the group on final roll-call votes, per quarter (1 = all voted the same way). Members counted in their group on the day; a vote counts for the group when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted, and a gap is a quarter with fewer than 20 votes counted. The other groups are the faint lines.

EPP: 0.91 over the whole period (620 votes), 0.86 in Q4 2024 and 0.89 in Q3 2026.
Data as a table
Agreement Index per period (0 = evenly split, 1 = all voted the same), with the votes counted in it. — : fewer than 20 votes counted in the period (a vote counts for a bloc when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted).
PeriodEPPThe LeftGreensS&DRenewECRPatriotsESN
Q3 2024—9 votes—9 votes—9 votes—9 votes—8 votes—9 votes—9 votes—9 votes
Q4 20240.8657 votes0.8157 votes0.9457 votes0.9657 votes0.8357 votes0.7457 votes0.7457 votes0.8757 votes
Q1 20250.9230 votes0.7130 votes0.9330 votes0.9730 votes0.9130 votes0.7330 votes0.7630 votes0.8130 votes
Q2 20250.9384 votes0.7884 votes0.9384 votes0.9484 votes0.9584 votes0.7184 votes0.7184 votes0.8784 votes
Q3 20250.9458 votes0.7658 votes0.9458 votes0.9458 votes0.9358 votes0.8258 votes0.7258 votes0.8558 votes
Q4 20250.88121 votes0.84121 votes0.95121 votes0.94121 votes0.86121 votes0.78121 votes0.73121 votes0.87121 votes
Q1 20260.9189 votes0.7588 votes0.8989 votes0.9489 votes0.8689 votes0.7589 votes0.7189 votes0.8689 votes
Q2 20260.94100 votes0.7599 votes0.9299 votes0.9599 votes0.92100 votes0.76100 votes0.7299 votes0.8299 votes
Q3 20260.8972 votes0.7572 votes0.9172 votes0.9372 votes0.8672 votes0.7572 votes0.6772 votes0.8772 votes
Whole period0.910.770.930.940.890.760.720.85
Votes considered620618619619619620619619

620 of 794 decisions of the term had a final vote recorded by name; those are the votes counted. A gap: fewer than 20 votes counted in the quarter (method). Cohesion of every group.

Cohesion by committee and topic

The group’s Agreement Index over the term’s roll calls, by the dossier’s lead committee and by topic. Topics are model-assigned (AI tagging, not hand-checked).

By lead committee (25)
Lead committee: the committee that led the dossier. Votes: the term’s roll calls on its dossiers. Cohesion: the group’s Agreement Index over those votes (0–1), counted only on votes where at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes.
Lead committeeVotesCohesion
Foreign AffairsAFET6390.88
BudgetsBUDG3750.91
Environment, Climate and Food SafetyENVI3370.75
Budgetary ControlCONT3230.91
Civil Liberties, Justice and Home AffairsLIBE3230.86
Women’s Rights and Gender EqualityFEMM2870.67
Economic and Monetary AffairsECON2490.95
International TradeINTA2030.93
Legal AffairsJURI1950.97
Employment and Social AffairsEMPL1930.84
Industry, Research and EnergyITRE1750.91
Housing Crisis (special committee)HOUS1540.95
Internal Market and Consumer ProtectionIMCO1220.95
Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAGRI870.80
European Democracy Shield (special committee)EUDS850.94
Constitutional AffairsAFCO700.79
FisheriesPECH650.83
PetitionsPETI610.92
Security and DefenceSEDE490.92
DevelopmentDEVE440.79
Culture and EducationCULT280.94
Public HealthSANT230.85
Regional DevelopmentREGI11—
Transport and TourismTRAN8—
LEGILEGI2—
By topic (model-assigned) (15)
Topic: model-assigned (AI tagging, not hand-checked). Votes: the term’s roll calls on decisions with that topic. Cohesion: the group’s Agreement Index over those votes (0–1), counted only on votes where at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes.
TopicVotesCohesion
Foreign affairs2 1360.89
Economy & single market1 2570.93
EU budget & funds1 0920.91
Defence & security7030.93
Justice, rule of law & rights6100.89
Jobs, social affairs & equality6060.76
Climate & environment5190.83
Agriculture, food & fisheries3640.80
Digital, AI & data2970.94
EU institutions & Parliament2920.89
Trade & customs2690.92
Health2600.74
Migration & asylum1220.90
Energy920.90
Transport & tourism840.87

Agreement with other groups

How often the group took the same line as each other group on the term’s final votes, groups at the date of each vote.

Same line: of the votes compared, the share where the two groups’ clear lines were the same. Votes compared: final votes where both groups had a clear line (at least two thirds of their votes cast, at least 10 members voting); a vote where either was divided is left out. A count instead of a share under 20 votes.
GroupSame lineVotes compared
Renew97 %553
S&D91 %571
Greens81 %557
ECR78 %472
The Left53 %468
Patriots50 %449
ESN26 %555

Agreement between every pair of groups, winning sides and pivotal groups

Members, 188

Members whose group is EPP now (former members: on their last day in office), with their record. Switchers are marked ⇄ and counted in the group of each vote’s date.

Open in the member register
What the columns mean

Participationⓘ: roll calls with a recorded vote, of the roll calls while in office. With majority lineⓘ: votes cast the way the plurality of their group voted, of the votes where the group had a line. Against clear lineⓘ: votes otherwise than a line held by at least two thirds of their group with at least 10 members voting, of the votes where it had one. Abstentionⓘ: of the votes cast. ± group: difference from the median of the member’s group (the one they held for most of the period), in percentage points; not compared for a member who changed group in the period; the non-attached have no group line. Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of each vote; a figure over fewer than 50 votes is shown as a count.

Participationⓘ: roll calls with a recorded vote, of the roll calls while in office. With majority lineⓘ: votes cast the way the plurality of their group voted, of the votes where the group had a line. Against clear lineⓘ: votes otherwise than a line held by at least two thirds of their group with at least 10 members voting, of the votes where it had one. Abstentionⓘ: of the votes cast. ± group: difference from the median of the member’s group (the one they held for most of the period), in percentage points; not compared for a member who changed group in the period; the non-attached have no group line. Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of each vote; a figure over fewer than 50 votes is shown as a count.

Members of EPP
SelectMember, sort Z to ACountry, sort A to ZParticipation, sort highest first± groupWith majority line, sort highest first± groupAgainst clear line, sort highest first Abstention, sort highest first
Adam JARUBAS Poland80.1 % of 2 891−10.8 pts median 91.0 %88.9 % of 2 317−4.6 pts median 93.5 %8.2 % of 2 2164.0 % of 2 317
Adina VĂLEAN Romania95.1 % of 2 891+4.1 pts median 91.0 %94.9 % of 2 749+1.4 pts median 93.5 %3.7 % of 2 6200.8 % of 2 749
Adrián VÁZQUEZ LÁZARA Spain85.1 % of 2 891−5.9 pts median 91.0 %94.8 % of 2 459+1.2 pts median 93.5 %3.4 % of 2 3361.7 % of 2 459
Alexander BERNHUBER Austria84.3 % of 2 891−6.7 pts median 91.0 %91.6 % of 2 437−1.9 pts median 93.5 %6.6 % of 2 3223.3 % of 2 437
Alexandra MEHNERT Germany92.3 % of 2 891+1.3 pts median 91.0 %98.3 % of 2 668+4.8 pts median 93.5 %0.8 % of 2 5370.4 % of 2 668
Alice TEODORESCU MÅWE Sweden89.9 % of 2 891−1.0 pts median 91.0 %80.8 % of 2 600−12.7 pts median 93.5 %18.2 % of 2 4753.0 % of 2 600
Alma EZCURRA ALMANSA Spain26.8 % of 2 891−64.1 pts median 91.0 %93.8 % of 776+0.3 pts median 93.5 %3.6 % of 7431.9 % of 776
Ana Miguel PEDRO Portugal82.0 % of 2 891−8.9 pts median 91.0 %93.7 % of 2 372+0.2 pts median 93.5 %4.3 % of 2 2562.7 % of 2 372
András Tivadar KULJA Hungary61.8 % of 2 891−29.2 pts median 91.0 %85.0 % of 1 786−8.6 pts median 93.5 %13.0 % of 1 7196.7 % of 1 786
Andrea WECHSLER Germany95.8 % of 2 891+4.9 pts median 91.0 %97.8 % of 2 771+4.3 pts median 93.5 %1.3 % of 2 6350.8 % of 2 771
Andreas SCHWAB Germany95.3 % of 2 891+4.3 pts median 91.0 %96.7 % of 2 755+3.2 pts median 93.5 %2.4 % of 2 6281.1 % of 2 755
Andrey KOVATCHEV Bulgaria96.2 % of 2 891+5.2 pts median 91.0 %93.6 % of 2 781±0.0 pts median 93.5 %4.3 % of 2 6512.6 % of 2 781
Andrey NOVAKOV Bulgaria96.2 % of 2 891+5.2 pts median 91.0 %93.0 % of 2 781−0.6 pts median 93.5 %5.0 % of 2 6432.4 % of 2 781
Andrzej BUŁA Poland88.9 % of 2 891−2.1 pts median 91.0 %92.0 % of 2 569−1.5 pts median 93.5 %5.8 % of 2 4622.6 % of 2 569
Andrzej HALICKI Poland95.2 % of 2 891+4.3 pts median 91.0 %91.2 % of 2 753−2.4 pts median 93.5 %6.5 % of 2 6231.7 % of 2 753
Angelika NIEBLER Germany97.1 % of 2 891+6.1 pts median 91.0 %97.8 % of 2 806+4.2 pts median 93.5 %1.2 % of 2 6750.6 % of 2 806
Angelika WINZIG Austria98.2 % of 2 891+7.2 pts median 91.0 %93.9 % of 2 838+0.4 pts median 93.5 %4.3 % of 2 7002.9 % of 2 838
Antonio LÓPEZ-ISTÚRIZ WHITE Spain90.1 % of 2 891−0.8 pts median 91.0 %94.1 % of 2 606+0.5 pts median 93.5 %3.2 % of 2 4722.1 % of 2 606
Arba KOKALARI Sweden78.0 % of 2 891−13.0 pts median 91.0 %92.1 % of 2 254−1.4 pts median 93.5 %6.8 % of 2 1421.9 % of 2 254
Aura SALLA Finland84.3 % of 2 891−6.7 pts median 91.0 %96.1 % of 2 436+2.6 pts median 93.5 %3.1 % of 2 3111.3 % of 2 436
Axel VOSS Germany72.0 % of 2 891−19.0 pts median 91.0 %98.5 % of 2 081+4.9 pts median 93.5 %1.1 % of 1 9990.5 % of 2 081
Bartłomiej SIENKIEWICZ Poland96.7 % of 2 891+5.7 pts median 91.0 %91.2 % of 2 795−2.3 pts median 93.5 %6.0 % of 2 6642.4 % of 2 795
Bartosz ARŁUKOWICZ Poland93.1 % of 2 891+2.1 pts median 91.0 %88.3 % of 2 691−5.3 pts median 93.5 %9.5 % of 2 5662.6 % of 2 691
Bogdan Andrzej ZDROJEWSKI Poland99.0 % of 2 891+8.1 pts median 91.0 %90.9 % of 2 863−2.6 pts median 93.5 %6.3 % of 2 7283.4 % of 2 863
Borja GIMÉNEZ LARRAZ Spain99.3 % of 2 891+8.3 pts median 91.0 %94.6 % of 2 871+1.0 pts median 93.5 %3.0 % of 2 7322.0 % of 2 871
Borys BUDKA Poland78.6 % of 2 891−12.3 pts median 91.0 %89.1 % of 2 273−4.5 pts median 93.5 %8.0 % of 2 1503.1 % of 2 273
Branko GRIMS changed group Slovenia93.2 % of 2 891+2.2 pts median 91.0 %68.5 % of 2 695−25.0 pts median 93.5 %29.4 % of 2 5568.2 % of 2 695
Carmen CRESPO DÍAZ Spain88.9 % of 2 891−2.1 pts median 91.0 %93.8 % of 2 570+0.3 pts median 93.5 %3.6 % of 2 4482.1 % of 2 570
Caterina CHINNICI Italy78.2 % of 2 891−12.8 pts median 91.0 %95.5 % of 2 260+2.0 pts median 93.5 %3.7 % of 2 1611.2 % of 2 260
Céline IMART France91.7 % of 2 891+0.7 pts median 91.0 %70.4 % of 2 650−23.2 pts median 93.5 %28.2 % of 2 5215.1 % of 2 650
Christian DOLESCHAL Germany89.7 % of 2 891−1.3 pts median 91.0 %97.1 % of 2 593+3.5 pts median 93.5 %1.9 % of 2 4680.8 % of 2 593
Christian EHLER Germany87.6 % of 2 891−3.4 pts median 91.0 %97.5 % of 2 533+4.0 pts median 93.5 %1.8 % of 2 4060.4 % of 2 533
Christophe GOMART France94.7 % of 2 891+3.8 pts median 91.0 %66.7 % of 2 739−26.8 pts median 93.5 %31.3 % of 2 6074.9 % of 2 739
Dan-Ştefan MOTREANU Romania91.8 % of 2 891+0.8 pts median 91.0 %96.7 % of 2 654+3.2 pts median 93.5 %2.0 % of 2 5241.1 % of 2 654
Daniel BUDA Romania93.8 % of 2 891+2.9 pts median 91.0 %97.4 % of 2 713+3.8 pts median 93.5 %1.7 % of 2 5800.7 % of 2 713
Danuše NERUDOVÁ Czechia95.5 % of 2 891+4.5 pts median 91.0 %89.1 % of 2 760−4.5 pts median 93.5 %9.9 % of 2 6215.6 % of 2 760
Dariusz JOŃSKI Poland97.3 % of 2 891+6.3 pts median 91.0 %88.7 % of 2 812−4.9 pts median 93.5 %9.2 % of 2 6742.4 % of 2 812
David CASA Malta96.7 % of 2 891+5.7 pts median 91.0 %91.8 % of 2 795−1.8 pts median 93.5 %6.1 % of 2 6582.4 % of 2 795
David MCALLISTER Germany83.6 % of 2 891−7.4 pts median 91.0 %97.7 % of 2 417+4.2 pts median 93.5 %1.5 % of 2 3051.0 % of 2 417
Davor Ivo STIER Croatia88.3 % of 2 891−2.7 pts median 91.0 %91.3 % of 2 553−2.3 pts median 93.5 %6.2 % of 2 4371.4 % of 2 553
Dennis RADTKE Germany87.5 % of 2 891−3.5 pts median 91.0 %97.0 % of 2 530+3.5 pts median 93.5 %1.6 % of 2 4200.7 % of 2 530
Dimitris TSIODRAS Greece92.4 % of 2 891+1.4 pts median 91.0 %93.6 % of 2 671±0.0 pts median 93.5 %4.8 % of 2 5401.4 % of 2 671
Dirk GOTINK Netherlands97.1 % of 2 891+6.1 pts median 91.0 %94.4 % of 2 806+0.8 pts median 93.5 %4.4 % of 2 6691.5 % of 2 806
Dolors MONTSERRAT Spain83.7 % of 2 891−7.3 pts median 91.0 %94.5 % of 2 419+0.9 pts median 93.5 %3.2 % of 2 3151.7 % of 2 419
Dóra DÁVID Hungary66.9 % of 2 891−24.1 pts median 91.0 %85.8 % of 1 933−7.8 pts median 93.5 %12.2 % of 1 8626.3 % of 1 933
Elena NEVADO DEL CAMPO Spain89.6 % of 2 891−1.4 pts median 91.0 %94.4 % of 2 590+0.8 pts median 93.5 %3.4 % of 2 4662.0 % of 2 590
Eleonora MELETI Greece72.1 % of 2 891−18.9 pts median 91.0 %93.7 % of 2 084+0.1 pts median 93.5 %4.5 % of 1 9701.2 % of 2 084
Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI Greece72.8 % of 2 891−18.2 pts median 91.0 %93.2 % of 2 105−0.4 pts median 93.5 %5.2 % of 2 0051.2 % of 2 105
Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA Poland92.6 % of 2 891+1.6 pts median 91.0 %89.5 % of 2 677−4.0 pts median 93.5 %8.1 % of 2 5442.9 % of 2 677
Emil RADEV Bulgaria67.8 % of 2 891−23.1 pts median 91.0 %90.3 % of 1 961−3.3 pts median 93.5 %6.8 % of 1 8494.4 % of 1 961

National delegations

The group’s current members by country and national party.

Country: the delegation. Members: the group’s current members from that country. National parties: their parties, with the number of members of each.
CountryMembersNational parties
Germany31 CDU 23 · CSU 6 · Familien-Partei DE 1 · ÖDP 1
Poland23 KO 18 · PSL 2 · No party 3
Spain22 PP 22
Romania10 PNL 8 · UDMR 2
Italy9 FI 8 · SVP 1
Greece7 N.D. 7
Hungary7 TISZA 7
Portugal7 PSD 4 · AD 2 · CDS-PP 1
Bulgaria6 GERB 4 · DSB 1 · SDS 1
Croatia6 HDZ 6

Show all 27 delegations

Line on the final votes, 620

The group’s line on every final roll-call vote of the term, newest first, with its members counted in the group they sat in on the day.

Majority line: the position most of the group’s voting members took, on the day of the vote (“Tie” when no position won); “no clear line” when no position had at least two thirds of its votes cast with at least 10 members voting — the Divided filter lists those. In the group: for–against–abstained. Result: the vote’s outcome and counts. On the losing side: the majority line was For and the vote failed, or Against and it passed.
DateVoteMajority lineIn the groupResult
23 Oct 2024Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States Final voteMajority line: For In the group: 157 for, 8 against, 3 abstainedAdopted 444 for, 179 against, 20 abstained
23 Oct 2024General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 – all sections Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 165 for, 1 against, 6 abstainedRejected 233 for, 360 against, 59 abstained
22 Oct 20242022 discharge: EU general budget – European Council and Council Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 156 for, 1 against, 12 abstainedAdopted 431 for, 131 against, 83 abstained
22 Oct 2024Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2024/001 BE/Match-Smatch Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 172 for, 1 against, 0 abstainedAdopted 601 for, 47 against, 17 abstained
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 4/2024: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to some decentralised agencies Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 170 for, 0 against, 2 abstainedAdopted 522 for, 115 against, 25 abstained
22 Oct 2024Draft amending budget No 2/2024: entering the surplus of the financial year 2023 Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 170 for, 0 against, 2 abstainedAdopted 531 for, 91 against, 35 abstained
22 Oct 2024Establishing the Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism and providing exceptional macro-financial assistance to Ukraine Final voteMajority line: For In the group: 162 for, 0 against, 6 abstainedAdopted 518 for, 56 against, 61 abstained
10 Oct 2024The cases of unjustly imprisoned Uyghurs in China, notably Ilham Tohti and Gulshan Abbas Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 156 for, 0 against, 1 abstainedAdopted 540 for, 23 against, 47 abstained
9 Oct 2024The democratic backsliding and threats to political pluralism in Georgia Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 162 for, 0 against, 5 abstainedAdopted 495 for, 73 against, 86 abstained
9 Oct 2024Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian interference ahead of the upcoming presidential elections and a constitutional referendum on EU integration Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 170 for, 0 against, 1 abstainedAdopted 508 for, 53 against, 104 abstained
8 Oct 2024Mobilisation of the European Union Solidarity Fund: assistance to Italy, Slovenia, Austria, Greece and France further to natural disasters that occurred in 2023 Final voteMajority line: For In the group: 165 for, 1 against, 0 abstainedAdopted 632 for, 7 against, 3 abstained
19 Sept 2024Situation in Venezuela Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 149 for, 0 against, 0 abstainedAdopted 309 for, 201 against, 12 abstained
19 Sept 2024Continued financial and military support to Ukraine by EU Member States Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 140 for, 0 against, 14 abstainedAdopted 425 for, 131 against, 63 abstained
19 Sept 2024The case of José Daniel Ferrier García in Cuba Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 154 for, 0 against, 1 abstainedAdopted 380 for, 182 against, 51 abstained
19 Sept 2024EU/USA Agreement on the launch of Galileo satellites from U.S. Territory Final vote on the draft Council decisionMajority line: For In the group: 153 for, 0 against, 0 abstainedAdopted 582 for, 16 against, 17 abstained
19 Sept 2024The severe situation of political prisoners in Belarus Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 150 for, 1 against, 0 abstainedAdopted 549 for, 21 against, 37 abstained
19 Sept 2024The deteriorating situation of women in Afghanistan due to the recent adoption of the law on the ‘Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice’ Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 155 for, 0 against, 0 abstainedAdopted 565 for, 8 against, 43 abstained
18 Sept 2024Maximum residue levels for cyproconazole Final vote on the motion for a resolutionMajority line: Against · no clear lineIn the group: 66 for, 103 against, 8 abstainedAdopted 522 for, 127 against, 28 abstained
18 Sept 2024Maximum residue levels for carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl Final vote on the motion for a resolutionMajority line: Against · no clear lineIn the group: 63 for, 105 against, 7 abstainedAdopted 516 for, 129 against, 27 abstained
17 Jul 2024The need for the EU's continuous support for Ukraine Final vote — text as a wholeMajority line: For In the group: 172 for, 0 against, 8 abstainedAdopted 495 for, 137 against, 47 abstained

Show all 20 votes on this page

Connections

Top partners and the committees where the group’s cohesion is lowest or highest.

No connections found for this item.

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Data version
data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “European People’s Party (EPP)”. Political group. code PPE. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/groups/ppe?period=2025&vpage=13 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Official source: Political groups, European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/organisation-and-rules/organisation/political-groups. Data: EP Open Data: members and their memberships, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/meps/show-current?format=application%2Fld%2Bjson (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-group-ppe,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{European People’s Party (EPP)}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/groups/ppe?period=2025&vpage=13}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/groups/ppe?period=2025&vpage=13},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Political group. code PPE. Official source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/organisation-and-rules/organisation/political-groups. Data: EP Open Data: members and their memberships (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}