Analysis
Votes against the group’s line
All roll calls · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · Vilis KRIŠTOPANS
Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and did they vote with their national party when they did?
Showing Vilis KRIŠTOPANS only. Show every member
Vilis KRIŠTOPANS’s votes against the line, 132
Every vote in the selection where the member’s position differed from their group’s clear line, newest first.
| Date | Vote | Position | Clear line | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 Dec 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Arbitrary arrest and sentencing of academics Bahruz Samadov and Igbal Abilov in Azerbaijan | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 17 Dec 2025 | Recital E — part 2 European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ | For | Against | Patriots |
| 16 Dec 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 16 Dec 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2025/003 SE/Northvolt – Sweden | Against | For | Patriots |
| 16 Dec 2025 | Final vote Providing macro-financial assistance to Jordan | Against | For | Patriots |
| 27 Nov 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for Ukraine | For | Abstained | Patriots |
| 27 Nov 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 257 Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 27 Nov 2025 | Paragraph 252 — part 4 Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 27 Nov 2025 | Paragraph 204 — part 2 Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement | Against | For | Patriots |
| 27 Nov 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 199 Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement | Against | For | Patriots |
| 27 Nov 2025 | Final vote Amending Regulations on the Internal Market Information System (IMI) and on the single digital gateway as regards certain harmonisation requirements on transparency | Against | Abstained | Patriots |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2429 as regards origin labelling for fruit and vegetables originating in the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara | For | Against | Patriots |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 1 Protecting EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and material | For | Abstained | Patriots |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Paragraph 1, point c — part 2 EU’s diplomatic strategy and geopolitical cooperation in the Arctic | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Paragraph 1, point a — part 2 EU’s diplomatic strategy and geopolitical cooperation in the Arctic | For | Abstained | Patriots |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Polarisation and increased repression in Serbia, one year after the Novi Sad tragedy | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 164, adding text after paragraph 63 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 56 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 36, adding text after paragraph 43 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 115, adding text after paragraph 26 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 81, adding text after paragraph 25 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Against | For | Patriots |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 362 Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Against | For | Patriots |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 487 Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Against | For | Patriots |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 484 Draft general budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 9 Oct 2025 | Paragraph 4 — part 1 Second World Summit for Social Development | Against | Abstained | Patriots |
| 9 Oct 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 33 United response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructure | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 9 Oct 2025 | Paragraph 32 — part 2 United response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructure | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 9 Oct 2025 | Amendment 7, adding text after paragraph 4 United response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructure | Against | Abstained | Patriots |
| 9 Oct 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Humanitarian and security situation in Haiti, in particular the rising power of criminal gangs and the recent massacre in Cabaret | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Paragraph 8 — part 2 Draft amending budget No 2/2025: update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 121, adding text after recital 3 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | Against | For | Patriots |
| 7 Oct 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Role of EU policies in shaping the European Sport Model | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 11 Sept 2025 | Amendment 8 to paragraph 9 Gaza at breaking point: EU action to combat famine and the urgent need to release hostages and move towards a two-state solution | Against | For | Patriots |
| 10 Sept 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian hybrid threats and malign interference | For | Abstained | Patriots |
| 10 Sept 2025 | Paragraph 12 — part 3 Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian hybrid threats and malign interference | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 10 Sept 2025 | Paragraph 12 — part 2 Strengthening Moldova’s resilience against Russian hybrid threats and malign interference | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 10 Sept 2025 | Amendment 6 to paragraph 5 Future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policy | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 10 Sept 2025 | Proposal to vote on amendments Amending ERDF, Cohesion Fund and Just Transition Fund as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges in the context of the mid-term review | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 10 Sept 2025 | Amendments 79 + 81 (voted as one) Amending ERDF, Cohesion Fund and Just Transition Fund as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges in the context of the mid-term review | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole 2023 and 2024 reports on Ukraine | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 20 to paragraph 75 Public procurement | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 150 to Article 6 — part 2 Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles | Against | For | Patriots |
| 10 Jul 2025 | Paragraph 32 — part 1 Future of the EU biotechnology and biomanufacturing sector: leveraging research, boosting innovation and enhancing competitiveness | Against | For | Patriots |
| 10 Jul 2025 | Amendment 2 to paragraph 7 — part 2 Urgent need to protect religious minorities in Syria following the recent terrorist attack on Mar Elias Church in Damascus | Against | Abstained | Patriots |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Paragraph 22 — part 1 Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole 2023 and 2024 reports on Georgia | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Amendment 21 to paragraph 25 2023 and 2024 reports on Georgia | Against | For | Patriots |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Amendment 4 to paragraph 23 2023 and 2024 reports on Georgia | Against | For | Patriots |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Amendment 6 to recital A 2023 and 2024 reports on Bosnia and Herzegovina | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Amendment 17, adding text after paragraph 74 2023 and 2024 reports on Bosnia and Herzegovina | Abstained | For | Patriots |
Show all 132 votes
| Date | Vote | Position | Clear line | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 Jul 2025 | Amendment 14 to paragraph 38 2023 and 2024 reports on Bosnia and Herzegovina | For | Abstained | Patriots |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 39 Product safety and regulatory compliance in e-commerce and non-EU imports | Against | For | Patriots |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole (B10-0318/2025) Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1675 to add certain countries to the list of high-risk third countries, and to remove other countries from that list | For | Against | Patriots |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole (B10-0315/2025) Amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1675 to add certain countries to the list of high-risk third countries, and to remove other countries from that list | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 8 Jul 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024 | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 8 Jul 2025 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 41 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024 | Against | For | Patriots |
| 19 Jun 2025 | Amendment 43 to paragraph 14 Clean Industrial Deal | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 19 Jun 2025 | Amendment 4 to paragraph 3 Clean Industrial Deal | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 19 Jun 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 19 Jun 2025 | Paragraph 33 — part 1 Electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system | Against | For | Patriots |
| 19 Jun 2025 | Final vote Welfare of dogs and cats and their traceability | Against | For | Patriots |
| 19 Jun 2025 | Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 8 — part 1 Dissolution of political parties and the crackdown on the opposition in Mali | Against | For | Patriots |
| 18 Jun 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole 2023 and 2024 reports on Moldova | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 18 Jun 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 8 2023 and 2024 reports on Moldova | For | Against | Patriots |
| 17 Jun 2025 | Final vote on the motion for a resolution Strengthening rural areas in the EU through cohesion policy | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 17 Jun 2025 | Amendment 186 to Article 3, after paragraph 2 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) | Against | For | Patriots |
| 22 May 2025 | Final vote Amendments to the Capital Requirements Regulation as regards securities financing transactions under the net stable funding ratio | Against | For | Patriots |
| 22 May 2025 | Amendment 1 Amendments to the Capital Requirements Regulation as regards securities financing transactions under the net stable funding ratio | For | Against | Patriots |
| 22 May 2025 | Final vote Modification of customs duties applicable to imports of certain goods originating in or exported from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 18 Competition policy – annual report 2024 | For | Against | Patriots |
| 8 May 2025 | Final vote The role of gas storage for securing gas supplies ahead of the winter season | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 8 to paragraph 27 2023 and 2024 reports on Kosovo | Against | For | Patriots |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 12 to paragraph 52 — part 2 2023 and 2024 reports on Türkiye | Against | For | Patriots |
| 7 May 2025 | Paragraph 40 — part 2 Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European External Action Service | Against | Abstained | Patriots |
| 7 May 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Data Protection Supervisor | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 7 May 2025 | Final vote Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Economic and Social Committee | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 7 May 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Court of Auditors | Against | For | Patriots |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 4 to paragraph 52 Discharge 2023: EU general budget – European Council and Council | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 236 Discharge 2023: EU general budget – Commission, executive agencies and European Development Funds | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 6 May 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers: application EGF/2024/003 BE/Van Hool – Belgium | Against | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 46, adding text after paragraph 43 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 29 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 148 to paragraph 143 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 141 to paragraph 56 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 137 to paragraph 18 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 30, adding text after paragraph 17 — part 2 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 30, adding text after paragraph 17 — part 1 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 70, adding text after paragraph 4 Implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2024 | Against | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Separate vote on recital Z Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 | Against | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 30 to paragraph 8 — part 2 Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2024 | Against | Abstained | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 47, adding text after paragraph 33 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 45, adding text after paragraph 31 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | Against | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 92, adding text after paragraph 25 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 91, adding text after paragraph 25 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 90, adding text after paragraph 25 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 21 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 20 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 14 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 6 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 6 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 1 Apr 2025 | Amendment 34 to Article 1, paragraph 1 Macro-financial assistance to Egypt | Against | Abstained | Patriots |
| 1 Apr 2025 | Final vote Macro-financial assistance to Jordan | Against | For | Patriots |
| 13 Mar 2025 | Paragraph 16 — part 1 Social and employment aspects of restructuring processes: the need to protect jobs and workers’ rights | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 13 Mar 2025 | Paragraph 13 — part 1 Social and employment aspects of restructuring processes: the need to protect jobs and workers’ rights | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 13 Mar 2025 | Paragraph 5 — part 7 Social and employment aspects of restructuring processes: the need to protect jobs and workers’ rights | Against | For | Patriots |
| 13 Mar 2025 | Paragraph 5 — part 4 Social and employment aspects of restructuring processes: the need to protect jobs and workers’ rights | Against | Abstained | Patriots |
| 13 Mar 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Unlawful detention and sham trials of Armenian hostages, including high-ranking political representatives from Nagorno-Karabakh, by Azerbaijan | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 13 Mar 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Severe political, humanitarian and human rights crisis in Sudan, in particular the sexual violence and child rape | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 13 Mar 2025 | Paragraph 3 — part 2 Severe political, humanitarian and human rights crisis in Sudan, in particular the sexual violence and child rape | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Paragraph 31 — part 2 The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in Syria | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Amendment 31 to paragraph 7 The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in Syria | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Amendment 15, adding text after paragraph 6 The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in Syria | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 4 The need for EU support towards a just transition and reconstruction in Syria | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole White paper on the future of European defence | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Paragraph 19 — part 4 White paper on the future of European defence | For | Against | Patriots |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Paragraph 15 — part 3 White paper on the future of European defence | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggression | For | Abstained | Patriots |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Paragraph 24 — part 2 Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggression | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 10 Continuing the unwavering EU support for Ukraine, after three years of Russia’s war of aggression | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 12 Mar 2025 | Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 35 European Semester for economic policy coordination 2025 | Against | For | Patriots |
| 11 Mar 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Assessment of the implementation of Horizon Europe in view of its interim evaluation and recommendations for the 10th Research Framework Programme | Against | Abstained | Patriots |
| 13 Feb 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Escalation of violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 13 Feb 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 10 Escalation of violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo | Against | For | Patriots |
| 13 Feb 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 23 Further deterioration of the political situation in Georgia | For | Against | Patriots |
| 13 Feb 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 7 Further deterioration of the political situation in Georgia | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 13 Feb 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 3 Further deterioration of the political situation in Georgia | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 13 Feb 2025 | Paragraph 2 — part 1 Further deterioration of the political situation in Georgia | Abstained | Against | Patriots |
| 11 Feb 2025 | Amendment 19, adding text after recital A European Central Bank – annual report 2024 | Against | Abstained | Patriots |
| 23 Jan 2025 | Paragraph 14 — part 2 Russia’s disinformation and historical falsification to justify its war of aggression against Ukraine | Abstained | For | Patriots |
| 23 Jan 2025 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 7 Case of Jean-Jacques Wondo in the Democratic Republic of the Congo | Abstained | For | Patriots |
By member, 1
Members with at least one vote where their group had a clear line. Order: by rate, for members with at least 300 clear-line votes (the rest follow by name) — not a ranking.
| Member | Against the line | Clear-line votes | Opposite | Abstained | Other | With own party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vilis KRIŠTOPANS , Patriots · Latvia | 6.0 % | 2 185 | 39 | 77 | 16 | 0 |
About these figures
What was counted, what was left out, and how.
- 2 891 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
- 78 of 371 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
- A vote counts against the group’s line when the group’s clear line — at least two thirds of its votes cast, with at least 10 members voting — was different from the member’s position; a divided group has no line to vote against (method). This is a different rule from group loyalty, which uses the majority line (loyalty).
- Ordered by rate, only members with at least 300 votes where their group had a clear line are compared; fewer votes make a rate unstable, and below 50 the figure is shown as a count.
- Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
- Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
- Methods: Voted against the group’s clear line v1, Voted with the group’s majority line v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
- Data as of 29 Sept 2026, 03:29 UTC (data stamp 2b7a29b98b0d, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
Sources & citation
Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.
- Permalink
- https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=256909&to=2025-12-31
- Data source
- Licensed CC BY 4.0.
- Data version
- data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
- Retrieved
- 29 September 2026
Cite as
EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · Vilis KRIŠTOPANS”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=256909&to=2025-12-31 (retrieved 29 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-29,
author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
title = {{Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · Vilis KRIŠTOPANS}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=256909&to=2025-12-31}},
url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=256909&to=2025-12-31},
urldate = {2026-09-29},
publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}