Analysis
Votes against the group’s line
All roll calls · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · Salvatore DE MEO
Which members voted against their group’s clear line, how often compared with the votes where the group had one, and did they vote with their national party when they did?
Showing Salvatore DE MEO only. Show every member
Salvatore DE MEO’s votes against the line, 132
Every vote in the selection where the member’s position differed from their group’s clear line, newest first.
| Date | Vote | Position | Clear line | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 Dec 2025 | Amendment 1 to paragraph 1 Decarbonisation and modernisation of EU fisheries, and the development and deployment of fishing gear | For | Against | EPP |
| 18 Dec 2025 | Amendment 5, adding text after recital D Mass kidnapping of children in Nigeria, including from St Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Dec 2025 | Separate vote on recital R European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 17 Dec 2025 | Amendment 6 to recital N European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 17 Dec 2025 | Recital J — part 1 European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 17 Dec 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 8 European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 17 Dec 2025 | Amendment 10 to paragraph 5 European Citizens’ Initiative ‘My voice, my choice: for safe and accessible abortion’ | For | Against | EPP |
| 17 Dec 2025 | Paragraph 27 — part 3 Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work | For | Against | EPP |
| 27 Nov 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for Ukraine | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 27 Nov 2025 | Paragraph 2 — part 1 EU position on the proposed plan and EU engagement towards a just and lasting peace for Ukraine | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 27 Nov 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Rule of law and human rights situation in Tunisia, particularly the case of Sonia Dahmani | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 32 Protecting EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and material | For | Against | EPP |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Amendment 18 to paragraph 11 Protecting EU consumers against the practices of certain e-commerce platforms: the case of child-like sex dolls, weapons and other illegal products and material | For | Against | EPP |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Amendment 6, adding text after recital 17 Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders | For | Against | EPP |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Amendment 20 to Article 1, after point 23 Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders | For | Against | EPP |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Amendment 26 to Article 1 Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders | For | Against | EPP |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Amendment 24 to Article 1 Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders | For | Against | EPP |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Amendment 15 to Article 1 Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders | For | Against | EPP |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Amendment 14 to Article 1 Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders | For | Against | EPP |
| 26 Nov 2025 | Amendment 13 to Article 1 Deforestation Regulation: certain obligations of operators and traders | For | Against | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Final vote Conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Amendment 60 to recital 6 Framework for achieving climate neutrality | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Amendment 57 to recital 3 Framework for achieving climate neutrality | For | Against | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Amendment 67 to Article 1 Framework for achieving climate neutrality | For | Against | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Amendment 66 to Article 1 Framework for achieving climate neutrality | For | Against | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Amendment 65 to Article 1 Framework for achieving climate neutrality | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Amendment 64 to Article 1 Framework for achieving climate neutrality | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Amendment 63 to Article 1 Framework for achieving climate neutrality | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Amendment 62 to Article 1 Framework for achieving climate neutrality | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Amendment 50 to Article 1 Framework for achieving climate neutrality | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Separate vote on Article 1 Framework for achieving climate neutrality | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 13 Nov 2025 | Amendments 49 + 61 (voted as one) to Article 1 Framework for achieving climate neutrality | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 23 Oct 2025 | Amendment 1 to paragraph 57 Key objectives for the CITES COP20 meeting in Uzbekistan | For | Against | EPP |
| 23 Oct 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 55 Key objectives for the CITES COP20 meeting in Uzbekistan | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 23 Oct 2025 | Paragraph 54 — part 2 Key objectives for the CITES COP20 meeting in Uzbekistan | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Recital Q — part 2 Situation in Belarus, five years after the fraudulent presidential elections | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 129 to paragraph 54 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | For | Against | EPP |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 162, adding text after paragraph 53 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 56, adding text after paragraph 48 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | For | Against | EPP |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 122, adding text after paragraph 45 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | For | Against | EPP |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 125 to paragraph 35 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 117, adding text after paragraph 30 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | For | Against | EPP |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 116, adding text after paragraph 30 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | For | Against | EPP |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 83, adding text after paragraph 26 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | For | Against | EPP |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 124, adding text after paragraph 22 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | For | Against | EPP |
| 22 Oct 2025 | Amendment 123, adding text after paragraph 22 General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 – all sections | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 Oct 2025 | Amendment 121, adding text after recital 3 Strengthening of the position of farmers in the food supply chain | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 7 Oct 2025 | Final vote Extension of the derogation for heavy-duty vehicles with zero emissions | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 7 Oct 2025 | Amendments 1 + 2 (voted as one) Extension of the derogation for heavy-duty vehicles with zero emissions | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 11 Sept 2025 | Amendment 24 to paragraph 25 Gaza at breaking point: EU action to combat famine and the urgent need to release hostages and move towards a two-state solution | For | Against | EPP |
Show all 132 votes
| Date | Vote | Position | Clear line | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 Sept 2025 | Amendment 7 to paragraph 36 Implementation and streamlining of EU internal market rules to strengthen the single market | For | Against | EPP |
| 11 Sept 2025 | Amendment 6 to paragraph 27 Implementation and streamlining of EU internal market rules to strengthen the single market | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 11 Sept 2025 | Amendment 5, adding text after paragraph 13 Implementation and streamlining of EU internal market rules to strengthen the single market | For | Against | EPP |
| 10 Sept 2025 | Amendment 13 to paragraph 62 Future of agriculture and the post-2027 common agricultural policy | Against | For | EPP |
| 10 Sept 2025 | Separate vote on recital O Role of cohesion policy investment in resolving the current housing crisis | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 2, adding text after recital N Public procurement | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 1, adding text after recital N Public procurement | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 39 Public procurement | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 6 Public procurement | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 3 to paragraph 4 Public procurement | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 42, adding text after paragraph 2 Public procurement | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 395 to recital 19 Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendments 409 + 417 (voted as one) to Annex VII, Part C, point 16 Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendments 408 + 416 (voted as one) to Annex VII, Part C, point 6 Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 407 to Annex VII, Part C, point 4 Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 403 to Article 6, paragraph 1, alinéa 2 Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 402 to Article 6, paragraph 1, alinéa 1 Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendments 399 + 412 (voted as one) to Article 3, paragraph 1, point 15 Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 398 to Article 3, paragraph 1, après le point 9 Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 397 to Article 3, paragraph 1, point 9 Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Sept 2025 | Amendment 396 to Article 2, paragraph 6, partie introductive Circularity requirements for vehicle design and management of end-of-life vehicles | For | Against | EPP |
| 10 Jul 2025 | Amendment 4, adding text after recital 2 Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 as regards obligations of economic operators concerning battery due diligence policies | For | Against | EPP |
| 10 Jul 2025 | Amendment 3, adding text after recital 2 Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 as regards obligations of economic operators concerning battery due diligence policies | For | Against | EPP |
| 10 Jul 2025 | Amendment 2, adding text after recital 2 Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 as regards obligations of economic operators concerning battery due diligence policies | For | Against | EPP |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Amendment 2 to paragraph 4 The human cost of Russia’s war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression: the situation of illegally detained civilians and prisoners of war, and the continued bombing of civilians | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Final vote — text as a whole Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 48 Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Separate vote on paragraph 47 Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Paragraph 42 — part 3 Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Paragraph 42 — part 2 Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 9 Jul 2025 | Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 29 2023 and 2024 reports on Albania | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2025 | Amendment 8 to paragraph 15 Security of energy supply in the EU | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2025 | Amendment 7 to paragraph 13 Security of energy supply in the EU | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2025 | Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 2 Security of energy supply in the EU | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2025 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 41 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2025 | Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 34 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024 | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2025 | Amendment 16, adding text after paragraph 14 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024 | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2025 | Amendment 15, adding text after paragraph 3 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024 | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 8 Jul 2025 | Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 1 Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024 | For | Against | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2025 | Amendment 29 — part 5 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2025 | Amendment 29 — part 4 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2025 | Amendment 16 — part 3 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2025 | Amendment 16 — part 2 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 17 Jun 2025 | Amendment 1 — part 2 Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast) | Abstained | For | EPP |
| 22 May 2025 | Amendment 4, adding text after recital 10 Modification of customs duties applicable to imports of certain goods originating in or exported from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus | For | Against | EPP |
| 22 May 2025 | Amendments 7 + 11 (voted as one) to Article 1, alinéa 1, point 21, sous-point a Règlement (UE) 2023/956 Article 26, après le paragraph 1 Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the carbon border adjustment mechanism | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 22, adding text after paragraph 2 — part 1 Old challenges and new commercial practices in the internal market | Against | For | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 18 Banking Union – annual report 2024 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendments 274 + 297 (voted as one) to Article 19 Screening of foreign investments in the Union | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 270 to Article 7, paragraph 9 Screening of foreign investments in the Union | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 151 Screening of foreign investments in the Union | Against | For | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 100 Screening of foreign investments in the Union | Against | For | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 2, adding text after recital 5 CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 8 to recital 5 CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 7 to recital 4 CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 6 to recital 3 CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 5 to recital 2 CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 23 to Article 1, paragraph 1, après le point 3 Règlement (UE) 2019/631 Article 15, paragraph 1 CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 11 to Article 1, paragraph 1, point 3 Règlement (UE) 2019/631 Article 8 CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 10 to Article 1, paragraph 1, point 2 Règlement (UE) 2019/631 Article 6, paragraph 2, alinéa 1 bis CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendments 9 + 20 (voted as one) to Article 1, paragraph 1, point 1 Règlement (UE) 2019/631 Article 4, paragraph 1 bis CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendments 3 + 19 (voted as one) to Article 1, paragraph 1, point 1 Règlement (UE) 2019/631 Article 1, paragraph 5 bis CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 8 May 2025 | Amendment 4 to Title CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 to 2027 | For | Against | EPP |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 6, adding text after recital AL The European Water Resilience Strategy | For | Against | EPP |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 5, adding text after recital R The European Water Resilience Strategy | For | Against | EPP |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 62 The European Water Resilience Strategy | For | Against | EPP |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 10, adding text after paragraph 27 The European Water Resilience Strategy | For | Against | EPP |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 25 The European Water Resilience Strategy | For | Against | EPP |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 7 to paragraph 14 The European Water Resilience Strategy | For | Against | EPP |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 15, adding text after paragraph 72 A revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing world | For | Against | EPP |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 72 A revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing world | For | Against | EPP |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 12, adding text after paragraph 64 A revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing world | For | Against | EPP |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 54 A revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing world | Abstained | Against | EPP |
| 7 May 2025 | Amendment 9, adding text after paragraph 28 A revamped long-term budget for the Union in a changing world | For | Against | EPP |
| 3 Apr 2025 | Amendment 7 to recital A Energy-intensive industries | For | Against | EPP |
| 3 Apr 2025 | Amendment 10 to paragraph 3 Energy-intensive industries | For | Against | EPP |
| 3 Apr 2025 | Amendment 2 to paragraph 8 Execution spree in Iran and the confirmation of the death sentences of activists Behrouz Ehsani and Mehdi Hassani | Against | For | EPP |
| 3 Apr 2025 | Amendment 2 to paragraph 40 Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament | For | Against | EPP |
| 3 Apr 2025 | Amendment 11 to paragraph 2 Estimates of revenue and expenditure for the financial year 2026 – Section I – European Parliament | For | Against | EPP |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 91 to paragraph 45 Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024 | For | Against | EPP |
| 2 Apr 2025 | Amendment 56, adding text after paragraph 11 Guidelines for the 2026 budget – Section III | Against | For | EPP |
| 11 Feb 2025 | Amendment 18, adding text after recital A European Central Bank – annual report 2024 | Abstained | Against | EPP |
By member, 1
Members with at least one vote where their group had a clear line. Order: by rate, for members with at least 300 clear-line votes (the rest follow by name) — not a ranking.
| Member | Against the line | Clear-line votes | Opposite | Abstained | Other | With own party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salvatore DE MEO , EPP · Italy | 5.8 % | 2 294 | 85 | 47 | 0 | 84 |
About these figures
What was counted, what was left out, and how.
- 2 891 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
- 78 of 371 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
- A vote counts against the group’s line when the group’s clear line — at least two thirds of its votes cast, with at least 10 members voting — was different from the member’s position; a divided group has no line to vote against (method). This is a different rule from group loyalty, which uses the majority line (loyalty).
- Ordered by rate, only members with at least 300 votes where their group had a clear line are compared; fewer votes make a rate unstable, and below 50 the figure is shown as a count.
- Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
- Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
- Methods: Voted against the group’s clear line v1, Voted with the group’s majority line v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
- Data as of 29 Sept 2026, 03:29 UTC (data stamp 2b7a29b98b0d, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
Sources & citation
Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.
- Permalink
- https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=204333&to=2025-12-31
- Data source
- Licensed CC BY 4.0.
- Data version
- data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
- Retrieved
- 29 September 2026
Cite as
EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · Salvatore DE MEO”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=204333&to=2025-12-31 (retrieved 29 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-29,
author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
title = {{Votes against the group’s line — All roll calls · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · Salvatore DE MEO}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=204333&to=2025-12-31}},
url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/dissent?from=2025-01-01&mep=204333&to=2025-12-31},
urldate = {2026-09-29},
publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}