Analysis

Cohesion

Final votes · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · political groups · per quarter · abstentions counted

How united do the groups vote — over time, and on the votes of each committee or topic?

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Period Term 2024 2025 2026 Last 6 months

Custom dates

Votes Final votes293 All roll calls2 891

Blocs Groups Delegations

Periods Part-sessions Quarters Months Whole period

Positions For, against, abstained For and against only ⓘ

Lead committee Topic (model-assigned) Kind of decision Contested votes only (largest side under 80 %)

Cohesion over time

Agreement Index per quarter, from 0 (evenly split) to 1 (all voted the same). A vote counts for a bloc when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; a gap is a period with fewer than 20 votes counted.

Cohesion of the groups per quarter, Q1 2025 to Q4 2025: Agreement Index from 0 (evenly split) to 1 (all voted the same).

Q1 2025 → Q4 2025; each panel highlights one series, the others faint behind it.

Data as a table

Agreement Index per period (0 = evenly split, 1 = all voted the same), with the votes counted in it. — : fewer than 20 votes counted in the period (a vote counts for a bloc when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted).
Period	The Left	Greens	S&D	Renew	EPP	ECR	Patriots	ESN
Q1 2025	0.7130 votes	0.9330 votes	0.9730 votes	0.9130 votes	0.9230 votes	0.7330 votes	0.7630 votes	0.8130 votes
Q2 2025	0.7884 votes	0.9384 votes	0.9484 votes	0.9584 votes	0.9384 votes	0.7184 votes	0.7184 votes	0.8784 votes
Q3 2025	0.7658 votes	0.9458 votes	0.9458 votes	0.9358 votes	0.9458 votes	0.8258 votes	0.7258 votes	0.8558 votes
Q4 2025	0.84121 votes	0.95121 votes	0.94121 votes	0.86121 votes	0.88121 votes	0.78121 votes	0.73121 votes	0.87121 votes
Whole period	0.79	0.94	0.94	0.90	0.91	0.76	0.73	0.86
Votes considered	293	293	293	293	293	293	293	293

Over the whole selection

Each group’s Agreement Index over every vote in the selection where enough of its members voted.

Cohesion: the Agreement Index (0–1) over the votes counted — votes where at least 10 members and a third of the seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes. Seats: members now. Order as the backend lists the blocs, not a ranking.
Group	Cohesion	Votes counted	Seats
The Left	0.79	293	22
Greens	0.94	293	36
S&D	0.94	293	80
Renew	0.90	293	46
EPP	0.91	293	122
ECR	0.76	293	36
Patriots	0.73	293	41
ESN	0.86	293	7

The tables by committee and by topic are computed over a whole period: choose Whole period.

About these figures

What was counted, what was left out, and how.

293 votes considered (final votes matching the filters; scope).
77 of 371 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
Cohesion is the Agreement Index: 1 when every voting member took the same position, 0 when the bloc split evenly three ways (method). A bloc counts on a vote only when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; the non-attached have no group cohesion.
Months are offered for all roll calls only, and a month needs at least 20 votes.
Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
Methods: Cohesion (Agreement Index) v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
Data as of 24 Sept 2026, 09:11 UTC (data stamp ae1bea7f278b, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).

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Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink: https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31
Data source: European Parliament Open Data
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version: data version ae1bea7f278b (24 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved: 25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Cohesion — Final votes · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · political groups · per quarter · abstentions counted”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version ae1bea7f278b (24 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.

BibTeX

@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-25,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Cohesion — Final votes · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · political groups · per quarter · abstentions counted}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version ae1bea7f278b (24 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}