Analysis

Cohesion

All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · topic Sanctions (model-assigned) · national delegations · per quarter · abstentions counted

How united do the delegations vote — over time, and on the votes of each committee or topic?

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Period Term 2024 2025 2026 Last 6 months

Custom dates

Votes Final votes2 All roll calls55

Blocs Groups Delegations

Periods Part-sessions Quarters Months Whole period

Positions For, against, abstained For and against only ⓘ

Lead committee Topic (model-assigned) Kind of decision Contested votes only (largest side under 80 %)

Cohesion over time

Agreement Index per quarter, from 0 (evenly split) to 1 (all voted the same). A vote counts for a bloc when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; a gap is a period with fewer than 20 votes counted.

Cohesion of the delegations per quarter, Q4 2024 to Q1 2026: Agreement Index from 0 (evenly split) to 1 (all voted the same).

Q4 2024 → Q1 2026; each panel highlights one series, the others faint behind it.

Austria 0.56 overall

Belgium 0.60 overall

Bulgaria 0.53 overall

Cyprus — overall

Too few votes in each period to draw a line — see the table.

Czechia 0.49 overall

Germany 0.65 overall

Denmark 0.83 overall

Estonia — overall

Too few votes in each period to draw a line — see the table.

Spain 0.70 overall

Finland 0.84 overall

France 0.43 overall

Greece 0.43 overall

Croatia 0.84 overall

Hungary 0.72 overall

Ireland 0.71 overall

Italy 0.45 overall

Lithuania 0.82 overall

Luxembourg — overall

Too few votes in each period to draw a line — see the table.

Latvia — overall

Too few votes in each period to draw a line — see the table.

Malta — overall

Too few votes in each period to draw a line — see the table.

Netherlands 0.75 overall

Poland 0.69 overall

Portugal 0.74 overall

Romania 0.72 overall

Sweden 0.87 overall

Slovenia — overall

Too few votes in each period to draw a line — see the table.

Slovakia 0.38 overall

Data as a table

Agreement Index per period (0 = evenly split, 1 = all voted the same), with the votes counted in it. — : fewer than 20 votes counted in the period (a vote counts for a bloc when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted).
Period	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Cyprus	Czechia	Germany	Denmark	Estonia	Spain	Finland	France	Greece	Croatia	Hungary	Ireland	Italy	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Latvia	Malta	Netherlands	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Sweden	Slovenia	Slovakia
Q4 2024	—8 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—0 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—0 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—7 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—0 votes	—0 votes	—0 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—8 votes	—0 votes	—8 votes
Q1 2025	0.5946 votes	0.6246 votes	0.5046 votes	—0 votes	0.5146 votes	0.6446 votes	0.8546 votes	—0 votes	0.7046 votes	0.8446 votes	0.4546 votes	0.4446 votes	0.8446 votes	0.7645 votes	0.7246 votes	0.4546 votes	0.8239 votes	—0 votes	—0 votes	—0 votes	0.7646 votes	0.6846 votes	0.7646 votes	0.7246 votes	0.9046 votes	—0 votes	0.3946 votes
Q1 2026	—1 vote	—1 vote	—1 vote	—0 votes	—1 vote	—1 vote	—1 vote	—0 votes	—1 vote	—1 vote	—1 vote	—1 vote	—1 vote	—1 vote	—1 vote	—1 vote	—0 votes	—0 votes	—0 votes	—0 votes	—1 vote	—1 vote	—1 vote	—1 vote	—1 vote	—0 votes	—1 vote
Whole period	0.56	0.60	0.53	—	0.49	0.65	0.83	—	0.70	0.84	0.43	0.43	0.84	0.72	0.71	0.45	0.82	—	—	—	0.75	0.69	0.74	0.72	0.87	—	0.38
Votes considered	55	55	55	0	55	55	55	0	55	55	55	55	54	54	55	55	47	0	0	0	55	55	55	55	55	0	55

Over the whole selection

Each delegation’s Agreement Index over every vote in the selection where enough of its members voted.

Cohesion: the Agreement Index (0–1) over the votes counted — votes where at least 10 members and a third of the seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes. Seats: members now. Order as the backend lists the blocs, not a ranking.
Delegation	Cohesion	Votes counted	Seats
Austria	0.56	55	20
Belgium	0.60	55	22
Bulgaria	0.53	55	17
Cyprus fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	6
Czechia	0.49	55	21
Germany	0.65	55	95
Denmark	0.83	55	15
Estonia fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	7
Spain	0.70	55	60
Finland	0.84	55	15
France	0.43	55	81
Greece	0.43	55	21
Croatia	0.84	54	12
Hungary	0.72	54	21
Ireland	0.71	55	14
Italy	0.45	55	76
Lithuania	0.82	47	11
Luxembourg fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	6
Latvia fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	9
Malta fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	6
Netherlands	0.75	55	31
Poland	0.69	55	53
Portugal	0.74	55	21
Romania	0.72	55	33
Sweden	0.87	55	21
Slovenia fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	9
Slovakia	0.38	55	15

The tables by committee and by topic are computed over a whole period: choose Whole period.

About these figures

What was counted, what was left out, and how.

55 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
1 of 3 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
340 times a bloc had too few members voting on a vote (fewer than 10, or under a third of its seats) and was left out of that vote (turnout rule).
Cohesion is the Agreement Index: 1 when every voting member took the same position, 0 when the bloc split evenly three ways (method). A bloc counts on a vote only when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; the non-attached have no group cohesion.
A delegation’s cohesion reflects the mix of groups its members sit in. Delegations with fewer than 10 seats are shown but not compared.
Months are offered for all roll calls only, and a month needs at least 20 votes.
Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
Methods: Cohesion (Agreement Index) v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
Data as of 25 Sept 2026, 03:36 UTC (data stamp f37e5638cded, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).

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Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink: https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?by=country&scope=all&topic=defence%2Fsanctions&to=2026-09-25
Data source: European Parliament Open Data
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version: data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved: 25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Cohesion — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · topic Sanctions (model-assigned) · national delegations · per quarter · abstentions counted”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?by=country&scope=all&topic=defence%2Fsanctions&to=2026-09-25 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.

BibTeX

@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-25,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Cohesion — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · topic Sanctions (model-assigned) · national delegations · per quarter · abstentions counted}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?by=country&scope=all&topic=defence%2Fsanctions&to=2026-09-25}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?by=country&scope=all&topic=defence%2Fsanctions&to=2026-09-25},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}