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Cohesion

Final votes · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · national delegations · per quarter · abstentions counted

How united do the delegations vote — over time, and on the votes of each committee or topic?

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Period Term202420252026Last 6 months
Custom dates
Votes Final votes293All roll calls2 891
Blocs GroupsDelegations
Periods Part-sessionsQuartersMonthsWhole period
Positions For, against, abstainedFor and against only ⓘ

Cohesion over time

Agreement Index per quarter, from 0 (evenly split) to 1 (all voted the same). A vote counts for a bloc when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; a gap is a period with fewer than 20 votes counted.

Cohesion of the delegations per quarter, Q1 2025 to Q4 2025: Agreement Index from 0 (evenly split) to 1 (all voted the same).

Q1 2025 → Q4 2025; each panel highlights one series, the others faint behind it.

Data as a table
Agreement Index per period (0 = evenly split, 1 = all voted the same), with the votes counted in it. — : fewer than 20 votes counted in the period (a vote counts for a bloc when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted).
PeriodAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCyprusCzechiaGermanyDenmarkEstoniaSpainFinlandFranceGreeceCroatiaHungaryIrelandItalyLithuaniaLuxembourgLatviaMaltaNetherlandsPolandPortugalRomaniaSwedenSloveniaSlovakia
Q1 20250.6430 votes0.7330 votes0.6430 votes—0 votes0.6130 votes0.6230 votes0.7328 votes—0 votes0.7530 votes0.7930 votes0.6730 votes0.5728 votes0.9224 votes0.7323 votes0.7929 votes0.6830 votes0.8122 votes—0 votes—0 votes—0 votes0.7030 votes0.7930 votes0.7930 votes0.8530 votes0.7730 votes—0 votes0.4730 votes
Q2 20250.5684 votes0.6584 votes0.6983 votes—0 votes0.5884 votes0.6284 votes0.7083 votes—0 votes0.7283 votes0.7880 votes0.4784 votes0.4573 votes0.8761 votes0.6675 votes0.8184 votes0.6084 votes0.7967 votes—0 votes—0 votes—0 votes0.6484 votes0.7284 votes0.7584 votes0.7784 votes0.6984 votes—0 votes0.5970 votes
Q3 20250.6258 votes0.6658 votes0.7358 votes—0 votes0.6458 votes0.6258 votes0.7758 votes—0 votes0.7758 votes0.8157 votes0.5258 votes0.5358 votes0.9055 votes0.6852 votes0.8255 votes0.6858 votes0.8244 votes—0 votes—0 votes—0 votes0.6758 votes0.7558 votes0.8158 votes0.8158 votes0.7358 votes—0 votes0.5458 votes
Q4 20250.62121 votes0.60121 votes0.73118 votes—0 votes0.62121 votes0.59121 votes0.66121 votes—0 votes0.70121 votes0.72120 votes0.56121 votes0.55112 votes0.8399 votes0.76106 votes0.76121 votes0.61121 votes0.7395 votes—0 votes—0 votes—0 votes0.62121 votes0.69121 votes0.74121 votes0.76121 votes0.66121 votes—0 votes0.51121 votes
Whole period0.600.640.71—0.610.610.70—0.730.760.540.520.870.710.790.630.78———0.650.720.760.780.69—0.53
Votes considered293293289029329329002922872932712392562892932280002932932932932930279

Over the whole selection

Each delegation’s Agreement Index over every vote in the selection where enough of its members voted.

Cohesion: the Agreement Index (0–1) over the votes counted — votes where at least 10 members and a third of the seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes. Seats: members now. Order as the backend lists the blocs, not a ranking.
DelegationCohesionVotes countedSeats
Austria 0.6029320
Belgium 0.6429322
Bulgaria 0.7128917
Cyprus fewer than 10 seats — not compared—06
Czechia 0.6129321
Germany 0.6129395
Denmark 0.7029015
Estonia fewer than 10 seats — not compared—07
Spain 0.7329260
Finland 0.7628715
France 0.5429381
Greece 0.5227121
Croatia 0.8723912
Hungary 0.7125621
Ireland 0.7928914
Italy 0.6329376
Lithuania 0.7822811
Luxembourg fewer than 10 seats — not compared—06
Latvia fewer than 10 seats — not compared—09
Malta fewer than 10 seats — not compared—06
Netherlands 0.6529331
Poland 0.7229353
Portugal 0.7629321
Romania 0.7829333
Sweden 0.6929321
Slovenia fewer than 10 seats — not compared—09
Slovakia 0.5327915

The tables by committee and by topic are computed over a whole period: choose Whole period.

About these figures

What was counted, what was left out, and how.

  • 293 votes considered (final votes matching the filters; scope).
  • 78 of 371 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
  • 1 968 times a bloc had too few members voting on a vote (fewer than 10, or under a third of its seats) and was left out of that vote (turnout rule).
  • Cohesion is the Agreement Index: 1 when every voting member took the same position, 0 when the bloc split evenly three ways (method). A bloc counts on a vote only when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; the non-attached have no group cohesion.
  • A delegation’s cohesion reflects the mix of groups its members sit in. Delegations with fewer than 10 seats are shown but not compared.
  • Months are offered for all roll calls only, and a month needs at least 20 votes.
  • Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
  • Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
  • Methods: Cohesion (Agreement Index) v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
  • Data as of 29 Sept 2026, 03:29 UTC (data stamp 2b7a29b98b0d, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
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Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink
https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?by=country&from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31
Data source
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version
data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved
29 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Cohesion — Final votes · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · national delegations · per quarter · abstentions counted”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?by=country&from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31 (retrieved 29 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX 
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-29,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Cohesion — Final votes · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · national delegations · per quarter · abstentions counted}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?by=country&from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?by=country&from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31},
  urldate = {2026-09-29},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version 2b7a29b98b0d (29 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}