Analysis
Cohesion
Final votes · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · political groups · whole period · abstentions counted
How united do the groups vote — over time, and on the votes of each committee or topic?
Over the whole selection
Each group’s Agreement Index over every vote in the selection where enough of its members voted.
| Group | Cohesion | Votes counted | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Left | 0.79 | 293 | 44 |
| Greens | 0.94 | 293 | 53 |
| S&D | 0.94 | 293 | 135 |
| Renew | 0.90 | 293 | 78 |
| EPP | 0.91 | 293 | 184 |
| ECR | 0.76 | 293 | 84 |
| Patriots | 0.73 | 293 | 85 |
| ESN | 0.86 | 293 | 27 |
By lead committee
Cohesion on the votes of each lead committee’s dossiers, 293 votes in all. A figure needs at least 20 votes where enough of the bloc’s members voted.
| Committee | Votes | The Left | Greens | S&D | Renew | EPP | ECR | Patriots | ESN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environment, Climate and Food Safety (ENVI) | 30 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.94 |
| Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) | 23 | 0.78 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.71 | 0.81 | 0.90 |
| Foreign Affairs (AFET) | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Budgets (BUDG) | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Budgetary Control (CONT) | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| International Trade (INTA) | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) | 16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO) | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI) | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL) | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Regional Development (REGI) | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Constitutional Affairs (AFCO) | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Fisheries (PECH) | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Legal Affairs (JURI) | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Transport and Tourism (TRAN) | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Culture and Education (CULT) | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Women’s Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM) | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Petitions (PETI) | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Security and Defence (SEDE) | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Development (DEVE) | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Public Health (SANT) | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
By topic
Cohesion on the votes of each topic. A figure needs at least 20 votes where enough of the bloc’s members voted. Topics are assigned by a language model, not checked by hand.
| Topic | Votes | The Left | Greens | S&D | Renew | EPP | ECR | Patriots | ESN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foreign affairs | 114 | 0.73 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.80 | 0.69 | 0.81 |
| Economy & single market | 73 | 0.78 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.86 |
| EU budget & funds | 55 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.71 | 0.67 | 0.88 |
| Agriculture, food & fisheries | 35 | 0.83 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.65 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.76 | 0.84 |
| Climate & environment | 34 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.93 |
| Jobs, social affairs & equality | 24 | 0.87 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.90 |
| Trade & customs | 23 | 0.74 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.78 | 0.66 | 0.80 |
| EU institutions & Parliament | 22 | 0.75 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.75 | 0.85 | 0.93 |
| Defence & security | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Digital, AI & data | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Justice, rule of law & rights | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Energy | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Health | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Transport & tourism | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Migration & asylum | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
About these figures
What was counted, what was left out, and how.
- 293 votes considered (final votes matching the filters; scope).
- 78 of 371 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
- Cohesion is the Agreement Index: 1 when every voting member took the same position, 0 when the bloc split evenly three ways (method). A bloc counts on a vote only when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; the non-attached have no group cohesion.
- Months are offered for all roll calls only, and a month needs at least 20 votes.
- Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
- Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
- Methods: Cohesion (Agreement Index) v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
- Data as of 27 Sept 2026, 03:25 UTC (data stamp e994c83b5003, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
Sources & citation
Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.
- Permalink
- https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31
- Data source
- Licensed CC BY 4.0.
- Data version
- data version e994c83b5003 (27 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
- Retrieved
- 27 September 2026
Cite as
EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Cohesion — Final votes · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · political groups · whole period · abstentions counted”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31 (retrieved 27 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version e994c83b5003 (27 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-27,
author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
title = {{Cohesion — Final votes · 1 Jan 2025 – 31 Dec 2025 · political groups · whole period · abstentions counted}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31}},
url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31},
urldate = {2026-09-27},
publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version e994c83b5003 (27 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}