Analysis
Cohesion
Final votes · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · topic Defence & security (model-assigned) · national delegations · whole period · abstentions counted
How united do the delegations vote — over time, and on the votes of each committee or topic?
Over the whole selection
Each delegation’s Agreement Index over every vote in the selection where enough of its members voted.
| Delegation | Cohesion | Votes counted | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 0.50 | 36 | 20 |
| Belgium | 0.56 | 36 | 22 |
| Bulgaria | 0.62 | 34 | 17 |
| Cyprus fewer than 10 seats — not compared | — | 0 | 6 |
| Czechia | 0.52 | 36 | 21 |
| Germany | 0.58 | 36 | 95 |
| Denmark | 0.83 | 36 | 15 |
| Estonia fewer than 10 seats — not compared | — | 0 | 7 |
| Spain | 0.69 | 36 | 60 |
| Finland | 0.87 | 36 | 15 |
| France | 0.48 | 36 | 81 |
| Greece | 0.31 | 33 | 21 |
| Croatia | 0.94 | 31 | 12 |
| Hungary | 0.60 | 28 | 21 |
| Ireland | 0.56 | 31 | 14 |
| Italy | 0.46 | 36 | 76 |
| Lithuania | 0.88 | 28 | 11 |
| Luxembourg fewer than 10 seats — not compared | — | 0 | 6 |
| Latvia fewer than 10 seats — not compared | — | 0 | 9 |
| Malta fewer than 10 seats — not compared | — | 0 | 6 |
| Netherlands | 0.69 | 36 | 31 |
| Poland | 0.68 | 36 | 53 |
| Portugal | 0.79 | 36 | 21 |
| Romania | 0.78 | 36 | 33 |
| Sweden | 0.86 | 36 | 21 |
| Slovenia fewer than 10 seats — not compared | — | 0 | 9 |
| Slovakia | 0.31 | 36 | 15 |
By lead committee
Cohesion on the votes of each lead committee’s dossiers, 36 votes in all. A figure needs at least 20 votes where enough of the bloc’s members voted.
Every lead committee has fewer than 20 votes in this selection — too few for a cohesion figure; the counts are below. Widen the period or drop a filter.
| Committee | Votes | Austria | Belgium | Bulgaria | Cyprus | Czechia | Germany | Denmark | Estonia | Spain | Finland | France | Greece | Croatia | Hungary | Ireland | Italy | Lithuania | Luxembourg | Latvia | Malta | Netherlands | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Sweden | Slovenia | Slovakia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Security and Defence (SEDE) | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Foreign Affairs (AFET) | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO) | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Budgets (BUDG) | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Environment, Climate and Food Safety (ENVI) | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| European Democracy Shield (special committee) (EUDS) | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
By topic
Cohesion on the votes of each topic. A figure needs at least 20 votes where enough of the bloc’s members voted. Topics are assigned by a language model, not checked by hand.
| Topic | Votes | Austria | Belgium | Bulgaria | Cyprus | Czechia | Germany | Denmark | Estonia | Spain | Finland | France | Greece | Croatia | Hungary | Ireland | Italy | Lithuania | Luxembourg | Latvia | Malta | Netherlands | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Sweden | Slovenia | Slovakia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Defence & security | 36 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.62 | — | 0.52 | 0.58 | 0.83 | — | 0.69 | 0.87 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.94 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 0.46 | 0.88 | — | — | — | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.86 | — | 0.31 |
| Foreign affairs | 25 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.59 | — | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.85 | — | 0.68 | 0.89 | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.94 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.48 | — | — | — | — | 0.68 | 0.73 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.89 | — | 0.30 |
| Economy & single market | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EU budget & funds | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EU institutions & Parliament | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Justice, rule of law & rights | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Digital, AI & data | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Health | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Transport & tourism | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
About these figures
What was counted, what was left out, and how.
- 36 votes considered (final votes matching the filters; scope).
- 2 of 38 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
- 247 times a bloc had too few members voting on a vote (fewer than 10, or under a third of its seats) and was left out of that vote (turnout rule).
- Cohesion is the Agreement Index: 1 when every voting member took the same position, 0 when the bloc split evenly three ways (method). A bloc counts on a vote only when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; the non-attached have no group cohesion.
- A delegation’s cohesion reflects the mix of groups its members sit in. Delegations with fewer than 10 seats are shown but not compared.
- Months are offered for all roll calls only, and a month needs at least 20 votes.
- Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
- Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
- Methods: Cohesion (Agreement Index) v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
- Data as of 25 Sept 2026, 03:36 UTC (data stamp f37e5638cded, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).
Sources & citation
Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.
- Data source
- Licensed CC BY 4.0.
- Data version
- data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
- Retrieved
- 25 September 2026
Cite as
EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Cohesion — Final votes · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · topic Defence & security (model-assigned) · national delegations · whole period · abstentions counted”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&by=country&topic=defence&to=2026-09-25 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.
BibTeX
@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-25,
author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
title = {{Cohesion — Final votes · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · topic Defence \& security (model-assigned) · national delegations · whole period · abstentions counted}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&by=country&topic=defence&to=2026-09-25}},
url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&by=country&topic=defence&to=2026-09-25},
urldate = {2026-09-25},
publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}