Analysis

Cohesion

All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · national delegations · whole period · abstentions counted

How united do the delegations vote — over time, and on the votes of each committee or topic?

Cite

Export

Period Term 2024 2025 2026 Last 6 months

Custom dates

Votes Final votes620 All roll calls5 928

Blocs Groups Delegations

Periods Part-sessions Quarters Months Whole period

Positions For, against, abstained For and against only ⓘ

Lead committee Topic (model-assigned) Kind of decision Contested votes only (largest side under 80 %)

Over the whole selection

Each delegation’s Agreement Index over every vote in the selection where enough of its members voted.

Cohesion: the Agreement Index (0–1) over the votes counted — votes where at least 10 members and a third of the seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes. Seats: members now. Order as the backend lists the blocs, not a ranking.
Delegation	Cohesion	Votes counted	Seats
Austria	0.53	5 917	20
Belgium	0.59	5 926	22
Bulgaria	0.60	5 781	17
Cyprus fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	6
Czechia	0.55	5 924	21
Germany	0.58	5 928	95
Denmark	0.68	5 882	15
Estonia fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	7
Spain	0.66	5 926	60
Finland	0.74	5 861	15
France	0.44	5 927	81
Greece	0.52	5 515	21
Croatia	0.72	4 387	12
Hungary	0.65	5 101	21
Ireland	0.79	5 460	14
Italy	0.47	5 927	76
Lithuania	0.65	4 369	11
Luxembourg fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	6
Latvia fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	9
Malta fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	6
Netherlands	0.59	5 927	31
Poland	0.59	5 928	53
Portugal	0.72	5 913	21
Romania	0.65	5 919	33
Sweden	0.66	5 928	21
Slovenia fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	9
Slovakia	0.43	5 700	15

By lead committee

Cohesion on the votes of each lead committee’s dossiers, 5 928 votes in all. A figure needs at least 20 votes where enough of the bloc’s members voted.

Lead committee of the dossier. Votes: the votes in the selection under it. Each delegation’s column: its Agreement Index over those votes (0–1), counted only on votes where at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes.
Committee	Votes	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Cyprus	Czechia	Germany	Denmark	Estonia	Spain	Finland	France	Greece	Croatia	Hungary	Ireland	Italy	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Latvia	Malta	Netherlands	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Sweden	Slovenia	Slovakia
Foreign Affairs (AFET)	639	0.50	0.57	0.59	—	0.53	0.59	0.69	—	0.67	0.76	0.40	0.52	0.71	0.67	0.77	0.45	0.68	—	—	—	0.57	0.60	0.72	0.67	0.68	—	0.41
Budgets (BUDG)	375	0.56	0.61	0.63	—	0.54	0.60	0.66	—	0.68	0.76	0.42	0.55	0.77	0.63	0.82	0.48	0.65	—	—	—	0.57	0.54	0.76	0.66	0.63	—	0.40
Environment, Climate and Food Safety (ENVI)	337	0.57	0.57	0.53	—	0.54	0.58	0.69	—	0.62	0.72	0.47	0.62	0.74	0.57	0.81	0.46	0.59	—	—	—	0.59	0.58	0.71	0.57	0.68	—	0.54
Budgetary Control (CONT)	323	0.50	0.60	0.55	—	0.54	0.58	0.69	—	0.68	0.81	0.35	0.57	0.72	0.51	0.87	0.42	0.59	—	—	—	0.54	0.45	0.73	0.59	0.67	—	0.38
Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE)	323	0.52	0.60	0.53	—	0.53	0.60	0.70	—	0.66	0.78	0.43	0.56	0.76	0.63	0.89	0.39	0.57	—	—	—	0.56	0.46	0.74	0.58	0.67	—	0.41
Women’s Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM)	287	0.44	0.64	0.48	—	0.47	0.51	0.65	—	0.48	0.82	0.48	0.56	0.44	0.69	0.84	0.37	0.41	—	—	—	0.52	0.41	0.61	0.51	0.67	—	0.39
Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON)	249	0.58	0.64	0.69	—	0.59	0.59	0.66	—	0.68	0.72	0.44	0.49	0.75	0.64	0.78	0.51	0.71	—	—	—	0.64	0.65	0.73	0.71	0.66	—	0.44
International Trade (INTA)	203	0.50	0.55	0.71	—	0.57	0.57	0.71	—	0.73	0.65	0.54	0.44	0.59	0.77	0.67	0.53	0.64	—	—	—	0.64	0.67	0.74	0.71	0.73	—	0.48
Legal Affairs (JURI)	195	0.59	0.56	0.67	—	0.72	0.61	0.67	—	0.67	0.67	0.47	0.49	0.72	0.67	0.77	0.46	0.63	—	—	—	0.63	0.62	0.67	0.69	0.62	—	0.44
Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL)	193	0.49	0.56	0.50	—	0.49	0.50	0.53	—	0.58	0.69	0.36	0.54	0.64	0.67	0.84	0.45	0.56	—	—	—	0.49	0.55	0.64	0.58	0.47	—	0.56
Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE)	175	0.60	0.64	0.62	—	0.58	0.65	0.75	—	0.73	0.78	0.43	0.51	0.83	0.66	0.86	0.53	0.73	—	—	—	0.66	0.59	0.80	0.72	0.71	—	0.42
Housing Crisis (special committee) (HOUS)	154	0.65	0.64	0.75	—	0.66	0.58	0.61	—	0.69	0.61	0.54	0.52	0.63	0.73	0.76	0.65	0.76	—	—	—	0.60	0.78	0.82	0.88	0.61	—	0.52
Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO)	122	0.54	0.59	0.67	—	0.58	0.59	0.67	—	0.66	0.74	0.51	0.58	0.75	0.65	0.84	0.50	0.71	—	—	—	0.62	0.61	0.70	0.65	0.64	—	0.44
Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI)	87	0.47	0.53	0.63	—	0.54	0.47	0.59	—	0.68	0.60	0.60	0.59	0.67	0.76	0.65	0.56	0.59	—	—	—	0.54	0.75	0.69	0.68	0.58	—	0.50
European Democracy Shield (special committee) (EUDS)	85	0.55	0.57	0.45	—	0.42	0.66	0.69	—	0.75	0.84	0.33	0.60	0.79	0.46	0.84	0.36	0.62	—	—	—	0.61	0.43	0.87	0.63	0.72	—	0.34
Constitutional Affairs (AFCO)	70	0.55	0.54	0.57	—	0.52	0.66	0.71	—	0.69	0.80	0.39	0.60	0.71	0.68	0.72	0.44	0.65	—	—	—	0.58	0.56	0.73	0.63	0.59	—	0.41
Fisheries (PECH)	65	0.56	0.64	0.67	—	0.55	0.62	0.71	—	0.63	0.76	0.40	0.51	0.72	0.60	0.83	0.50	0.73	—	—	—	0.61	0.65	0.77	0.69	0.73	—	0.49
Petitions (PETI)	61	0.51	0.48	0.63	—	0.66	0.45	0.58	—	0.53	0.61	0.44	0.42	0.65	0.76	0.60	0.42	0.55	—	—	—	0.49	0.64	0.61	0.63	0.54	—	0.51
Security and Defence (SEDE)	49	0.56	0.57	0.63	—	0.48	0.61	0.65	—	0.66	0.76	0.46	0.43	0.78	0.73	0.62	0.43	0.74	—	—	—	0.61	0.66	0.78	0.72	0.65	—	0.32
Development (DEVE)	44	0.42	0.46	0.45	—	0.56	0.49	0.59	—	0.46	0.64	0.33	0.48	0.54	0.61	0.83	0.37	0.48	—	—	—	0.43	0.61	0.56	0.41	0.52	—	0.41
Culture and Education (CULT)	28	0.55	0.64	0.48	—	0.47	0.66	0.74	—	0.75	0.85	0.39	0.53	0.82	0.43	0.91	0.44	0.68	—	—	—	0.62	0.37	0.75	0.67	0.74	—	0.36
Public Health (SANT)	23	0.41	0.63	0.65	—	0.43	0.61	0.65	—	0.66	0.66	0.47	0.52	0.78	0.65	—	0.67	0.75	—	—	—	0.56	0.68	0.76	0.80	0.57	—	0.54
Regional Development (REGI)	11	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Transport and Tourism (TRAN)	8	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
LEGI (LEGI)	2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

By topic

Cohesion on the votes of each topic. A figure needs at least 20 votes where enough of the bloc’s members voted. Topics are assigned by a language model, not checked by hand.

Topic (model-assigned). Votes: the votes in the selection under it. Each delegation’s column: its Agreement Index over those votes (0–1), counted only on votes where at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes.
Topic	Votes	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Cyprus	Czechia	Germany	Denmark	Estonia	Spain	Finland	France	Greece	Croatia	Hungary	Ireland	Italy	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Latvia	Malta	Netherlands	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Sweden	Slovenia	Slovakia
Foreign affairs	2 136	0.51	0.59	0.61	—	0.54	0.58	0.71	—	0.67	0.75	0.47	0.50	0.71	0.70	0.74	0.49	0.70	—	—	—	0.62	0.65	0.72	0.68	0.71	—	0.41
Economy & single market	1 257	0.58	0.60	0.66	—	0.60	0.60	0.67	—	0.68	0.69	0.47	0.52	0.73	0.66	0.78	0.51	0.68	—	—	—	0.63	0.64	0.74	0.71	0.65	—	0.45
EU budget & funds	1 092	0.54	0.61	0.63	—	0.54	0.60	0.67	—	0.69	0.77	0.41	0.55	0.77	0.62	0.82	0.46	0.65	—	—	—	0.57	0.51	0.75	0.66	0.66	—	0.40
Defence & security	703	0.50	0.58	0.59	—	0.49	0.60	0.74	—	0.70	0.78	0.45	0.46	0.77	0.65	0.67	0.48	0.72	—	—	—	0.67	0.69	0.74	0.70	0.76	—	0.38
Justice, rule of law & rights	610	0.52	0.61	0.52	—	0.48	0.61	0.70	—	0.69	0.82	0.40	0.56	0.74	0.59	0.89	0.40	0.58	—	—	—	0.57	0.42	0.76	0.57	0.69	—	0.39
Jobs, social affairs & equality	606	0.47	0.62	0.50	—	0.49	0.52	0.62	—	0.55	0.78	0.45	0.56	0.56	0.66	0.85	0.43	0.51	—	—	—	0.53	0.47	0.65	0.56	0.60	—	0.45
Climate & environment	519	0.55	0.61	0.57	—	0.57	0.61	0.73	—	0.64	0.77	0.40	0.58	0.74	0.56	0.84	0.42	0.63	—	—	—	0.60	0.58	0.74	0.60	0.70	—	0.46
Agriculture, food & fisheries	364	0.54	0.52	0.63	—	0.55	0.50	0.59	—	0.64	0.57	0.56	0.55	0.67	0.70	0.67	0.51	0.59	—	—	—	0.54	0.64	0.67	0.62	0.61	—	0.54
Digital, AI & data	297	0.56	0.63	0.55	—	0.47	0.66	0.71	—	0.76	0.82	0.41	0.54	0.78	0.62	0.86	0.44	0.66	—	—	—	0.62	0.46	0.83	0.66	0.70	—	0.41
EU institutions & Parliament	292	0.54	0.57	0.59	—	0.53	0.59	0.68	—	0.68	0.76	0.39	0.54	0.74	0.64	0.77	0.45	0.63	—	—	—	0.57	0.53	0.73	0.66	0.64	—	0.43
Trade & customs	269	0.55	0.59	0.72	—	0.55	0.61	0.74	—	0.76	0.70	0.53	0.54	0.71	0.70	0.75	0.55	0.69	—	—	—	0.65	0.63	0.81	0.74	0.76	—	0.46
Health	260	0.46	0.58	0.54	—	0.49	0.51	0.64	—	0.52	0.71	0.48	0.55	0.56	0.61	0.77	0.43	0.50	—	—	—	0.55	0.54	0.60	0.54	0.62	—	0.45
Migration & asylum	122	0.48	0.51	0.62	—	0.66	0.50	0.55	—	0.51	0.60	0.41	0.40	0.66	0.69	0.76	0.43	0.58	—	—	—	0.48	0.72	0.58	0.55	0.57	—	0.52
Energy	92	0.56	0.60	0.61	—	0.56	0.63	0.73	—	0.71	0.77	0.42	0.52	0.85	0.66	0.90	0.53	0.72	—	—	—	0.61	0.64	0.77	0.72	0.69	—	0.44
Transport & tourism	84	0.61	0.72	0.67	—	0.60	0.64	0.73	—	0.78	0.82	0.46	0.58	0.88	0.60	0.88	0.53	0.89	—	—	—	0.69	0.66	0.81	0.63	0.73	—	0.62

About these figures

What was counted, what was left out, and how.

5 928 votes considered (all roll-call votes matching the filters; scope).
174 of 794 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
40 910 times a bloc had too few members voting on a vote (fewer than 10, or under a third of its seats) and was left out of that vote (turnout rule).
Cohesion is the Agreement Index: 1 when every voting member took the same position, 0 when the bloc split evenly three ways (method). A bloc counts on a vote only when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; the non-attached have no group cohesion.
A delegation’s cohesion reflects the mix of groups its members sit in. Delegations with fewer than 10 seats are shown but not compared.
Months are offered for all roll calls only, and a month needs at least 20 votes.
Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
Methods: Cohesion (Agreement Index) v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
Data as of 25 Sept 2026, 03:36 UTC (data stamp f37e5638cded, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).

Export

Cite

Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink: https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&by=country&scope=all&to=2026-09-25
Data source: European Parliament Open Data
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version: data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved: 25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Cohesion — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · national delegations · whole period · abstentions counted”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&by=country&scope=all&to=2026-09-25 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.

BibTeX

@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-25,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Cohesion — All roll calls · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · national delegations · whole period · abstentions counted}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&by=country&scope=all&to=2026-09-25}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&by=country&scope=all&to=2026-09-25},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}