Analysis

Cohesion

Final votes · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · national delegations · whole period · abstentions counted

How united do the delegations vote — over time, and on the votes of each committee or topic?

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Period Term 2024 2025 2026 Last 6 months

Custom dates

Votes Final votes620 All roll calls5 928

Blocs Groups Delegations

Periods Part-sessions Quarters Months Whole period

Positions For, against, abstained For and against only ⓘ

Lead committee Topic (model-assigned) Kind of decision Contested votes only (largest side under 80 %)

Over the whole selection

Each delegation’s Agreement Index over every vote in the selection where enough of its members voted.

Cohesion: the Agreement Index (0–1) over the votes counted — votes where at least 10 members and a third of the seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes. Seats: members now. Order as the backend lists the blocs, not a ranking.
Delegation	Cohesion	Votes counted	Seats
Austria	0.60	619	20
Belgium	0.64	619	22
Bulgaria	0.69	605	17
Cyprus fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	6
Czechia	0.63	618	21
Germany	0.62	620	95
Denmark	0.71	614	15
Estonia fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	7
Spain	0.71	619	60
Finland	0.77	610	15
France	0.56	619	81
Greece	0.53	592	21
Croatia	0.88	489	12
Hungary	0.69	523	21
Ireland	0.79	568	14
Italy	0.63	619	76
Lithuania	0.77	459	11
Luxembourg fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	6
Latvia fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	9
Malta fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	6
Netherlands	0.64	619	31
Poland	0.69	620	53
Portugal	0.76	619	21
Romania	0.77	620	33
Sweden	0.70	620	21
Slovenia fewer than 10 seats — not compared	—	0	9
Slovakia	0.55	599	15

By lead committee

Cohesion on the votes of each lead committee’s dossiers, 620 votes in all. A figure needs at least 20 votes where enough of the bloc’s members voted.

Lead committee of the dossier. Votes: the votes in the selection under it. Each delegation’s column: its Agreement Index over those votes (0–1), counted only on votes where at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes.
Committee	Votes	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Cyprus	Czechia	Germany	Denmark	Estonia	Spain	Finland	France	Greece	Croatia	Hungary	Ireland	Italy	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Latvia	Malta	Netherlands	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Sweden	Slovenia	Slovakia
Environment, Climate and Food Safety (ENVI)	64	0.68	0.52	0.70	—	0.55	0.51	0.51	—	0.47	0.54	0.70	0.75	0.88	0.70	0.67	0.65	0.53	—	—	—	0.54	0.63	0.56	0.58	0.48	—	0.76
Budgets (BUDG)	42	0.65	0.72	0.71	—	0.58	0.65	0.69	—	0.82	0.81	0.58	0.61	0.94	0.76	0.84	0.74	0.84	—	—	—	0.58	0.78	0.82	0.87	0.55	—	0.59
Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON)	42	0.56	0.63	0.66	—	0.64	0.59	0.69	—	0.73	0.77	0.54	0.45	0.87	0.59	0.80	0.60	0.76	—	—	—	0.65	0.58	0.74	0.77	0.71	—	0.52
Foreign Affairs (AFET)	40	0.50	0.53	0.63	—	0.46	0.57	0.76	—	0.66	0.85	0.30	0.36	0.89	0.53	0.69	0.43	0.77	—	—	—	0.56	0.67	0.74	0.76	0.76	—	0.34
International Trade (INTA)	40	0.59	0.64	0.81	—	0.77	0.70	0.83	—	0.75	0.77	0.59	0.47	0.91	0.81	0.74	0.68	0.90	—	—	—	0.76	0.78	0.82	0.89	0.83	—	0.61
Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE)	40	0.66	0.61	0.67	—	0.75	0.60	0.68	—	0.67	0.64	0.61	0.50	0.79	0.85	0.73	0.61	0.74	—	—	—	0.61	0.74	0.75	0.78	0.67	—	0.55
Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE)	31	0.67	0.71	0.79	—	0.72	0.73	0.84	—	0.80	0.82	0.56	0.53	0.96	0.78	0.76	0.80	0.91	—	—	—	0.78	0.76	0.81	0.89	0.79	—	0.59
Budgetary Control (CONT)	27	0.52	0.68	0.64	—	0.51	0.63	0.73	—	0.74	0.82	0.39	0.50	—	0.49	0.88	0.61	0.72	—	—	—	0.64	0.58	0.72	0.76	0.71	—	0.57
Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL)	19	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI)	16	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fisheries (PECH)	16	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO)	15	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Legal Affairs (JURI)	14	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Constitutional Affairs (AFCO)	11	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Women’s Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM)	9	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Security and Defence (SEDE)	8	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Transport and Tourism (TRAN)	8	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Regional Development (REGI)	7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Development (DEVE)	6	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Culture and Education (CULT)	5	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Petitions (PETI)	4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Public Health (SANT)	4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
LEGI (LEGI)	2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
European Democracy Shield (special committee) (EUDS)	1	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Housing Crisis (special committee) (HOUS)	1	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

By topic

Cohesion on the votes of each topic. A figure needs at least 20 votes where enough of the bloc’s members voted. Topics are assigned by a language model, not checked by hand.

Topic (model-assigned). Votes: the votes in the selection under it. Each delegation’s column: its Agreement Index over those votes (0–1), counted only on votes where at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; — : fewer than 20 such votes.
Topic	Votes	Austria	Belgium	Bulgaria	Cyprus	Czechia	Germany	Denmark	Estonia	Spain	Finland	France	Greece	Croatia	Hungary	Ireland	Italy	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Latvia	Malta	Netherlands	Poland	Portugal	Romania	Sweden	Slovenia	Slovakia
Foreign affairs	245	0.62	0.70	0.71	—	0.68	0.66	0.82	—	0.78	0.86	0.58	0.51	0.92	0.71	0.81	0.67	0.87	—	—	—	0.72	0.78	0.83	0.83	0.84	—	0.48
Economy & single market	147	0.57	0.63	0.69	—	0.66	0.61	0.71	—	0.73	0.73	0.55	0.47	0.85	0.67	0.76	0.61	0.80	—	—	—	0.66	0.68	0.75	0.80	0.69	—	0.54
EU budget & funds	104	0.59	0.69	0.71	—	0.58	0.64	0.68	—	0.78	0.80	0.53	0.55	0.91	0.66	0.83	0.68	0.81	—	—	—	0.59	0.70	0.79	0.82	0.62	—	0.59
Agriculture, food & fisheries	82	0.74	0.58	0.77	—	0.67	0.53	0.54	—	0.57	0.54	0.71	0.72	0.89	0.78	0.66	0.72	0.65	—	—	—	0.59	0.73	0.62	0.69	0.52	—	0.79
Climate & environment	64	0.54	0.58	0.69	—	0.61	0.61	0.69	—	0.63	0.69	0.45	0.52	0.78	0.63	0.81	0.53	0.66	—	—	—	0.58	0.61	0.72	0.69	0.65	—	0.56
Jobs, social affairs & equality	60	0.54	0.74	0.61	—	0.56	0.58	0.61	—	0.74	0.83	0.60	0.62	0.87	0.67	0.93	0.67	0.74	—	—	—	0.56	0.58	0.80	0.77	0.56	—	0.60
Trade & customs	54	0.57	0.63	0.77	—	0.71	0.69	0.82	—	0.76	0.75	0.59	0.49	0.87	0.73	0.75	0.68	0.86	—	—	—	0.72	0.74	0.82	0.84	0.80	—	0.63
Justice, rule of law & rights	44	0.66	0.69	0.65	—	0.62	0.66	0.76	—	0.73	0.81	0.59	0.53	0.83	0.75	0.85	0.58	0.71	—	—	—	0.68	0.62	0.79	0.75	0.77	—	0.53
EU institutions & Parliament	40	0.54	0.58	0.65	—	0.50	0.61	0.70	—	0.70	0.77	0.43	0.52	0.85	0.61	0.76	0.53	0.69	—	—	—	0.61	0.55	0.75	0.71	0.66	—	0.48
Defence & security	36	0.50	0.56	0.62	—	0.52	0.58	0.83	—	0.69	0.87	0.48	0.31	0.94	0.60	0.56	0.46	0.88	—	—	—	0.69	0.68	0.79	0.78	0.86	—	0.31
Digital, AI & data	36	0.72	0.67	0.74	—	0.64	0.67	0.72	—	0.77	0.74	0.59	0.50	0.88	0.74	0.80	0.70	0.84	—	—	—	0.66	0.71	0.80	0.82	0.73	—	0.57
Health	30	0.73	0.58	0.70	—	0.59	0.47	0.54	—	0.45	0.53	0.78	0.74	0.86	0.73	0.57	0.69	0.56	—	—	—	0.55	0.65	0.53	0.58	0.48	—	0.77
Transport & tourism	19	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Migration & asylum	16	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Energy	14	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

About these figures

What was counted, what was left out, and how.

620 votes considered (final votes matching the filters; scope).
174 of 794 decisions in the period had no final vote recorded by name (a show of hands or a count without names) and cannot be measured.
4 250 times a bloc had too few members voting on a vote (fewer than 10, or under a third of its seats) and was left out of that vote (turnout rule).
Cohesion is the Agreement Index: 1 when every voting member took the same position, 0 when the bloc split evenly three ways (method). A bloc counts on a vote only when at least 10 of its members and a third of its seats voted; the non-attached have no group cohesion.
A delegation’s cohesion reflects the mix of groups its members sit in. Delegations with fewer than 10 seats are shown but not compared.
Months are offered for all roll calls only, and a month needs at least 20 votes.
Each member is counted in the group they belonged to on the day of the vote (group at the date).
Roll calls are not a random sample: final votes on laws are recorded by name, most other roll calls because a group asked for it. A group’s line is inferred from its members’ votes; the Parliament publishes no whip.
Methods: Cohesion (Agreement Index) v1, Final votes and all roll calls v1, Group at the date of the vote v1.
Data as of 25 Sept 2026, 03:36 UTC (data stamp f37e5638cded, code 6d4005c55bde; what the stamp is).

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Sources & citation

Where the facts on this page come from, and how to cite it.

Permalink: https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&by=country&to=2026-09-25
Data source: European Parliament Open Data
Licensed CC BY 4.0.
Data version: data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1 · methods
Retrieved: 25 September 2026

Cite as

EU Parl Watch Research (2026). “Cohesion — Final votes · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · national delegations · whole period · abstentions counted”. Analysis. EU Parl Watch Research. https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&by=country&to=2026-09-25 (retrieved 25 September 2026). Data: European Parliament Open Data, https://data.europarl.europa.eu/ (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1.

BibTeX

@misc{epw-analysis-2026-09-25,
  author = {{EU Parl Watch Research}},
  title = {{Cohesion — Final votes · whole term, 16 Jul 2024 – 25 Sept 2026 · national delegations · whole period · abstentions counted}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&by=country&to=2026-09-25}},
  url = {https://news.eu-parl.st-solutions.dev/analysis/cohesion?bucket=term&by=country&to=2026-09-25},
  urldate = {2026-09-25},
  publisher = {EU Parl Watch Research},
  note = {Analysis. Data: European Parliament Open Data (CC BY 4.0); data version f37e5638cded (25 Sept 2026) · methods: group-at-date v1, participation v1, abstention v1, loyalty v1, against-clear v1, cohesion v1, agreement v1, group-agreement v1, winning-side v1, similar-votes v1, scope v1, data-version v1}
}